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第一章测评(时间:90分钟满分:100分)一、选择题(每小题2分,共50分)读世界森林面积逐渐消失图,完成1~3题。
1.目前全世界消失森林最多的大洲是()A.南美洲B.北美洲C.亚洲D.欧洲2.森林被称为“大自然的总调度室”,主要是因为森林可以()①调节气候、稳定大气成分②涵养水源、保持水土③繁衍物种④维持生物多样性⑤净化空气、美化环境⑥保护臭氧层A.①②③④⑤B.①②④⑤⑥C.①②③⑤⑥D.①③④⑤⑥3.南美洲热带雨林是世界上面积最广的热带原始森林,热带雨林生态系统区别于其他生态系统的优势表现在()①光合作用较强②生物循环旺盛③雨林群落的生产力高④土壤肥沃A.②③④B.①②③C.①②④D.①③④1题,读图,结合图例判断,亚洲消失森林比重最大,亚洲面积最大,因此亚洲是目前全世界消失森林最多的大洲,C项对。
第2题,森林被称为“大自然的总调度室”,主要是因为森林具有调节气候、稳定大气成分的作用,①对;具有涵养水源、保持水土的功能,②对;有繁衍物种功能,③对;森林生态系统有利于维持生物多样性,④对;森林能够净化空气、美化环境,⑤对;森林与保护臭氧层关系不大,⑥错。
A项对,B、C、D三项错。
第3题,南美洲热带雨林是世界上面积最广的热带原始森林,热带雨林生态系统区别于其他生态系统的优势表现在热带雨林分布区纬度低,太阳高度大,太阳辐射较多,光合作用较强,①对;水热条件充足,生物循环旺盛,②对;雨林群落的物种多样,生长旺盛,生产力高,③对;降水多,淋溶作用强,土壤肥力差,多酸性土壤,④错。
B项对,A、C、D三项错。
2.A3.B七里海湿地(距天津市区30千米)芦苇丛生、鸟类众多,是天津最大的天然湿地。
下表为1987—2005年间七里海古潟湖湿地面积变化数据。
据此完成4~5题。
时间七里海古潟湖湿地面积/km2天然湿地人工湿地4.七里海湿地的主要生态功能是()A.提供农副产品B.提供水源C.旅游功能D.维持生物多样性5.关于七里海古潟湖湿地的开发与保护,下列说法正确的是()A.人工湿地开辟使湿地总面积增加B.湿地面积的变化仅由人为因素造成C.成立专门机构启动生态修复项目D.人工湿地变化使净化水质功能增强4题,七里海湿地距天津市区30千米,芦苇丛生、鸟类众多,是天津最大的天然湿地,主要生态功能是维持生物多样性。
UNIT1单元测评(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bar.B.At home.C.In a restaurant.2.What are the speakers talking about?A.Politeness to strangers.B.Friendliness to foreigners.C.Service in restaurants.3.What is the woman doing?A.Making a speech.B.Introducing a new employee.C.Asking for advice.4.How does the bridegroom feel at the wedding?A.Nervous.B.Happy.C.Excited.5.When did the woman take her father out on Father’s Day?A.In the morning.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Where is the woman likely to go in the afternoon?A.To the sports centre.B.To the sports ground.C.To the park.7.What is the man’s favourite sport?A.Baseball.B.Basketball.C.Table tennis.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Section A Reading and Thinking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.At that time people would s if food was difficult to find.2.Flora Landscape acts as an important role of society and (生态) in the urban landscape.3.Before (释放),the sea lions are fitted with electronic tracking devices.4.Plants absorb c dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.5.The love and support of his family (维持) him during his hard times.6.The cramped living conditions severely (限制) the children’s freedom to play.7.Jane was quick to s the meaning of what the teacher said at the meeting.Ⅱ.短语填空1.Zhu Ziqing would rather than accept the Americans’ flour.2.He was caught soon after his prison.3.Inside these zones,traffic speeds 20 mph.4.Before he could run away,she the collar.5.The concert and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.Ⅲ.完成句子1.毫无疑问,它可以增强人们的健康意识。
全书综合测评(满分:100分;时间:90分钟)一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.蓝莓酒和蓝莓醋被称为“液体黄金”“口服化妆品”等。
下图是以鲜蓝莓为原料天然发酵制作蓝莓酒和蓝莓醋的过程简图。
下列叙述错误的是()A.去除蓝莓枝梗应在冲洗之后,目的是防止杂菌污染B.过程③在氧气、糖源都充足条件下可直接发酵为蓝莓醋C.在过程④时,榨出的蓝莓汁需经过高压蒸汽灭菌后才能密闭发酵D.过程⑤中酒精可作为醋酸菌的碳源和能源2.微生物发酵已经广泛应用于人类生活的各个领域。
下列叙述错误的是()A.不同的微生物具有不同的代谢类型,可根据发酵条件将微生物发酵过程分为有氧发酵和厌氧发酵B.谷氨酸棒状杆菌是好氧细菌,可用于发酵生产谷氨酸制取味精C.当缺少糖源和氧气时,醋酸菌将乙醇变为乙醛,再将乙醛变为醋酸D.乳酸菌在无氧条件下将葡萄糖分解成乳酸,可用于制作酸奶和泡菜3.下列有关微生物培养的叙述,正确的是()A.配制培养基时,应在灭菌之后调节pHB.一般在培养皿盖上标注接种人姓名等信息C.接种后放入培养箱中的培养皿应倒置D.培养基的组成成分中必需同时含有碳源、氮源、水和无机盐4.下列有关实验室果酒、果醋制作过程的叙述,不正确的是()A.果酒发酵瓶内留有一定空间有利于酵母菌的繁殖B.果酒发酵产生的酒精为醋酸菌提供碳源和氮源C.两种发酵过程中pH都会逐渐下降,温度略有升高D.果醋发酵阶段酵母菌已经失去了发酵能力5.在葡萄酒的发酵生产过程中,分别用不同的方法定期抽样检测培养液中的酵母菌和细菌的数量,结果如图所示。
下列说法正确的是()A.对细菌进行计数常采用平板划线法B.可用血细胞计数板对培养液中的酵母菌进行计数C.发酵的起始阶段中细菌种群密度大于酵母菌D.细菌数量下降的原因是培养液pH升高6.一定浓度的福尔马林(甲醛的水溶液)通过使蛋白质变性而起防腐作用。
可从活性污泥中分离出高效分解甲醛的细菌,以处理废弃的福尔马林。
模块综合测评(时间:75分钟分值:100分)一、选择题(本题包括10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
每小题只有1个选项符合题意)1.(2021福建龙岩高二检测)市场上有一种加酶洗衣粉,即在洗衣粉中加入少量的碱性蛋白酶,它的催化活性很强,衣物的汗渍、血迹及人本身排放的蛋白质、油渍遇到它,都能水解而被除去。
下列衣料不能用加酶洗衣粉洗涤的是()①棉织品②毛织品③腈纶制品④蚕丝制品⑤涤纶制品⑥锦纶制品A.①②③B.②④C.③④⑤D.③⑤⑥,因此,主要成分为蛋白质的毛织品和蚕丝制品,不能用加酶洗衣粉洗涤。
2.下列有关化学用语的表示不正确的是()A.乙炔的结构简式:CHCHB.的名称为3,3-二甲基-1-戊烯C.乙醇的分子式:C2H6OD.苯分子的空间充填模型:CH≡CH。
3.下列物质中,属于芳香烃且一氯取代物有五种的是() A.B.C.D.,A项有4种一氯取代物;B项有3种一氯取代物;C 项有5种一氯取代物;D项不属于芳香烃。
故C项符合题意。
4.醋酸纤维是以醋酸和纤维素为原料制得的人造纤维,因具有弹性好、不易起皱、酷似真丝等优点,成为目前市场上广泛采用的一种服装面料。
下列有关说法正确的是()A.纤维素和淀粉的分子式相同,它们互为同分异构体B.纤维素和淀粉水解,其最终产物不相同C.[(C6H7O2)(OOCCH3)3]n——三醋酸纤维素属于酯类化合物D.三醋酸纤维素比二醋酸纤维素吸湿性更好(C6H10O5)n,但聚合度n不同,因此分子式不同,不互为同分异构体,故A错误;纤维素和淀粉水解最终产物均为葡萄糖,故B错误;[(C6H7O2)(OOCCH3)3]n——三醋酸纤维素含有酯基,属于酯类化合物,故C正确;二醋酸纤维素还有未完全酯化的羟基,吸湿性更好,故D错误。
5.香茅醛()可作为合成青蒿素的中间体,关于香茅醛的叙述正确的是()A.分子式为C10H16OB.不能发生银镜反应C.可使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色D.分子中有7种处于不同化学环境的氢原子,此有机化合物的分子式为C10H18O,故A错误;此有机化合物中含有醛基,因此能发生银镜反应,故B错误;此有机化合物中含有醛基和碳碳双键,因此能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色,故C正确;依据等效氢原子的判断方法,此有机化合物中等效氢原子为8种,故D错误。
UNIT 2HEALTHY LIFESTYLESection A Reading and Thinking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.The (纪律) of studying music can help children develop good work habits.2.They appeared surprisingly (悲观的) about their chances of winning.3.When asked for your views about your current job,on no account must you be (负面的).4.We need to (检查) how an accident like this can be avoided in the future.5.It is well known that computers can be used to (促进) language learning.6.I had a sense of accomplishment,because I had worked hard to deserve the new game as a(奖励) for my efforts.7.Mr Brown refuses to let others speak and (控制) every meeting.8.When we come to a new environment,we have to adapt our (心理).Ⅱ.短语填空1.These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.2.Now that you have graduated from college,you should not your parents any more.3.When you see someone choked,you must give him first aid .4.After graduating from university last year,my sister a career in publishing.5.She is not content with her present lot and wishes to to improve it.6.Why not give him another chance?,everybody makes mistakes.7.I wish that sports day could be abandoned and some other less competitive events.8.The father is trying his best to his son abandoning himself to the Internet.Ⅲ.完成句子1.随着玛丽的长大,她变得更加独立,开始自己做决定了。
第二章测评(时间:75分钟分值:100分)一、选择题(本题包括10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
每小题只有1个选项符合题意)1.(2021吉林高二检测)下列系统命名法正确的是()A.2-甲基-4-乙基戊烷B.2,3-二乙基-1-戊烯C.2-甲基-3-丁炔D.对二甲苯,再用系统命名法正确命名并与已知名称对照。
A项,,正确名称为2,4-二甲基己烷;B项,,名称为2,3-二乙基-1-戊烯;C项,,名称为3-甲基-1-丁炔;D项,,名称为1,4-二甲苯。
2.下列是四种烃的碳骨架,以下关于四种烃的说法不正确的是()A.a能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色B.b的分子式为C5H12C.b和c互为同系物D.d为平面形分子,属于烷烃为2-甲基丙烯,可以使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色;b为新戊烷,分子式为C5H12;c为异丁烷,和b同属于烷烃,互为同系物;d为环己烷,属于环烷烃,且不是平面形分子。
3.下列叙述正确的是()A.丙烷分子中3个碳原子一定在同一条直线上B.甲苯分子中7个碳原子都在同一平面内C.乙烷分子中碳原子和全部氢原子可能在同一平面内D.2-丁烯分子中4个碳原子可能在同一条直线上解析丙烷分子中3个碳原子一定不共线,A不正确。
甲苯分子可看作—CH3取代了苯环中一个H原子,所以甲苯分子中7个碳原子都在同一平面内,B正确。
乙烷分子中碳原子和全部氢原子不可能在同一平面上,C不正确。
2-丁烯(CH3CH CHCH3)中4个碳原子在同一个平面内,但是不可能在同一条直线上,D不正确。
4.下列化学用语表达不正确的是()①为丙烷的球棍模型②丙烯的结构简式为CH3CHCH2③某有机化合物的名称是2,3-二甲基戊烷④与C6H6互为同分异构体A.①②B.②③C.③④D.②④解析丙烷的分子式为C3H8,球棍模型为,①正确;丙烯的官能团为碳碳双键,结构简式中不能省略碳碳双键,丙烯的结构简式为CH3CH CH2,②不正确;2,3-二甲基戊烷符合烷烃的系统命名法规则,③正确;的分子式为C8H6,与C6H6的分子式不同,两者不是同分异构体,④不正确。
UNIT 2HEALTHY LIFESTYLEPart 1Reading and Thinking基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Those who love animals hold the view that animal (虐待)needs to be taken seriously.2.Our brains (促使) decision-making by stopping us focusing too much on unimportant past details.3.If your child (支配) children of his own age, try to arrange for him to play with older children.4.The aircraft flew over the island (反复地), and no sign of life has been seen.5.Japanese workers are generally highly (悲观的)about their futures in their current companies.6.The actors not performing sit at the side of the stage in full view, waiting for their (提示).7.Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of p situation, so he's decided to work out.8.Have you ever been faced with trying to stay positive when others around you are n?9.Everyone who will attend the meeting should keep d and no one is exception including you.10.The doctor took out a bottle, put two p into the farmer's hand and asked him to swallow them.Ⅱ.选词填空1.Early in your project, you should first which type of material to use.2.When the bell rang, the children were required to hand in their examination papers .3.the novel coronavirus pneumonia, all large gatherings have been cancelled.4.No one can say which brand will feel best on your feet, so you have to the feel of each pair.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Those old apartments have been pulled down and replaced several stadiums.2.I would be very grateful if you could take some time to make changes my resume.3.To prevent the rich and powerful (abuse)their power, the government laid down related laws.4.Dr. Wang's advice is that he combine a balanced diet regular exercise to keep fit.5.It is reported that (physical) attractive people are more likelyto be treated well by others.6.(examine)once every two years,whether it is a car or a bus, is the rule that all drivers must obey.7.I didn't want to get (involve)in the quarrel between Tom and Jack, so I walked out.8.The professor keeps telling his students (repeated) that the future belongs to the well-educated.9.Our travel agency is (rely), and we try to describe our centers as realistically as possible.10.The number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long term and (reward) friendships.Ⅳ.课文语法填空Just as Aristotle put it,“We are what w e1(repeated) do.” In many aspects, our lifestyle is the result of the choices that we have made. So forming good habits is very important, especially for2(teenager). That's because bad habits, if not corrected, will have3bad effect on our adult life. To prevent harmful habits from dominating our life, we should make use4the “habit cycle” to kick bad habits and develop good ones. First we can facilitate positive changes by examining our bad habit cycles and trying to adapt them. Aside from this, we should also form good habits on purpose. Gradually, we5(reward) by our actions.Of course, bad habits, once6(form), are not easy for us to get out of. Some people can get out of bad habits quickly while others might try many times until they succeed. If we can't succeed straight away, don't become pessimistic. As a matter of fact, the7(successful)way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. 8the Chinese saying goes, “A journey of a thousand miles9(begin)with a single step.” As long as we continue to take small steps, we are sure 10 (get)rid of bad habits and build a healthy life.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020安徽滁州高二期末联考)Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.Six years ago, Josh and his dad went into the Habitat for Humanity ReStore, a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh, then 11, also noticed a collection of pennies. “I instantly felt the urge to help out withthat,” he said. Josh set a fund-raising deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith. He devoted his time to raising money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbours, got publicity from local newspapers, and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.Josh's fund-raising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.“I didn't care how long it took me,”said Josh. “I would raise $100,000.”With three weeks left, a company called Josh's house offered to donate $18,000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $134,000 before the deadline.“The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more,”he said.“Josh's Penny House”is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses. Josh has helped with some of the construction, as have other volunteers. He will choose the family that moves into the unit.Next year, the 17-year-old kid will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fund-raising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing todo anything to achieve it, it can come true.1.Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2?A.Cautious.B.Straightforward.C.Open-minded.D.Determined.2.Why did Josh hold the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event?A.To attain his goal.B.To call for more attention.C.To win approval from the locals.D.To find sponsors for a family.3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?A.He received continuous donations.B.His project became more popular.C.He got more support from his family.D.The result was beyond expectations.4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Kindness from a CompanyB.The Penny House DreamC.A Fund-raising CampaignD.A Boy with a Warm HeartB(2020湖北宜昌高二上期末)You're watching your favorite TV show when a commercial(广告)break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there's one for fast food. In response, your stomach growls(咕咕直叫). Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack. If that sounds familiar, you're not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ads. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6,000 kids through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.“There is too much unhealthy food advertising out there, which ap pears repeatedly,” says Behnam Sadeghirad. He's one of the researchers who led the study. “This is dangerous for younger children because they lack self-discipline and don't know the advertised foods are healthy or not.”Food and drink ads are everywhere, from TV to the Internet. Companies want to make sure you know about their products. They spend nearly $1.8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids, according to a report. The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015.It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren't for healthy foods. In fact, on average, kids saw only one ad per week for fruit and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to eat more often,”says Harris. “But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the m ost.”Health experts say it's OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food? Harris says it's important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads. “What kids can do is notice what's going on,” says Harris. “Think about, ‘Are these the products that are really good for my physical health?’”5.What did researchers from McMaster University find?A.Junk food ads can affect kids' eating habits.B.Eating while watching TV is unhealthy for kids.C.Food ads are more attractive than other types of ads.D.There are many commercial breaks during TV shows.6.What did the numbers provided by the Nielsen Company suggest?A.Food ads are everywhere.B.It's necessary to limit kids' screen time.C.It's hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV.panies spend large amounts of money on ads.7.What advice does Harris give in the last paragraph?A.Get wise to ads.B.Stay away from cookies.C.Never see junk food ads.D.Find products of good quality.8.What's the best title of the text?A.Attack of junk food adsB.Tricks of the tradeC.Advertising of junk foodD.The effect of media on childrenⅡ.七选五(2020河北辛集中学高二上第二次阶段考试)Four simple ways to stay positiveTrying to stay positive, both in good times and bad times, is a great way to improve your quality of life. Try these four methods on a daily basis.Don't think a lot about negativity.Of course, staying positive 24 hours a day, seven days a week is a bit difficult. Letting things get to you is normal. In fact, it's just healthy to cry or express frustrations once in a while. It's when those negative moments control your life that your emotional balance is at risk. 1 However, don't give that sadness another second in your day.2According to psychology, what you put into your body directly affects how you feel on the outside. Fill yourself with good, healthy foods like nuts, fruit and vegetables and limit snacking. Exercise is equally of great importance. Take a few days out of your week for at least half an hour of activity, and try to stick to a routine. 3Be kind to others.4Making someone's day a bit brighter not only puts a smile on his or her face, but also yours as well. Remember to smile and treat each person with respect. Good deeds are contagious (有感染力的), and your positive attitude may spread among others.Take it one day at a time.Being positive and keeping away from feeling pessimistic isn't an easy thing. It's a steady effort that we follow every hour of every day. 5Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better.A.Eat healthily and stay fit.B.Take your lunch breaks outside.C.Don't worry about what the future may bring.D.Take a few minutes to feel sad and accept what happened.E.Good feelings come from acts of kindness and selflessness.F.Gratefulness helps you appreciate life in bad times.G.Even going outside for a walk and enjoying the sunshine improvesyour mood.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.答案全解全析基础过关练Ⅰ.1.abuse 2.facilitate 3.dominates 4.repeatedly5.pessimistic6.cues7.physical8.negative9.discipline10.pillsⅡ.1.decide on 2.straight away 3.In response to 4.rely onⅢ.1.with考查固定短语。
Part 2Learning About Language & Using Language基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Without the (改革) of the economic management system our industry will rot.2.We advocate peaceful development, (和谐的) development and scientific development.3.If you do this, you'll almost always meet your (年度的) goal.4.After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in (混乱).5.The submarine that our country has put into use is driven by (核能的)power.6.Every time I mention her, you become very (敏感的).7.He (提交)his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference.8.Some roads may have to be closed at peak times to (限制)the number of visitors.9.During the war we had just enough food to (维持)us.10.He failed to(抓住)the opportunity during the job interview. Ⅱ.选词填空1.She the determination of wage levels within this company.2.In the meeting he spoke all the members of the company.3.The government pledged(使保证) itself to environmental problems.4.I always prefer starting early, leaving everything to the last minute.5.He always takes the lead the government's call.6.Elephants would if men could shoot them as many as they wished.7.The only way they can political change is to put pressure on the country.8.The volunteers help victims of disasters regardless of their race or nationality.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Only when each of us realizes the importance of protecting the environment can we have a (harmony) earth.2.The virus that is spreading in that region can lead deadly complications, such as pneumonia.3.The doctor advised me (take) a complete rest so that I could make a complete recovery.4.Robert is said (study) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in.5.I asked my group members what they did(limit) the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.6.We must ensure that tourism develops harmony with the environment.7.The problem that the teacher referred to in his lecture was beyond my (comprehend).8.He (release) from prison after serving a sentence of five years the year before last.Ⅳ.完成句子1.我通过听英语歌提高英语水平。
生物选修三测试一、选择题：（每题1分）1．（2010江苏）下列关于利用胚胎工程技术繁殖优质奶羊的叙述．错误．．的是A．对受体母羊与供体母羊进行同期发情处理B．人工授精后的一定时间内，收集供体原肠胚用于胚胎分割C．利用胚胎分剖技术可以获得两个基因型完全相同的胚胎D．一次给受体母羊植入多个胚胎．可增加双胞胎和多胞胎的比例2．（2010江苏）老年痴呆症患者的脑血管中有一种特殊的β一淀粉样蛋白体，它的逐渐积累可能导致神经元损伤和免疫功能下降．某些基因的突变会导致β一淀粉样蛋白体的产生和积累。
下列技术不．能用于老年痴呆症治疗的是A．胚胎移植技术B．胚胎干细胞技术C．单克隆抗体技术D．基因治疗技术3．（2010江苏）下列关于转基因植物的叙述，正确的是A．转入到油菜的抗除草剂基因，可能通过花粉传入环境中B．转抗虫基因的植物．不会导致昆虫群体抗性基因频率增加C．动物的生长激素基因转入植物后不能表达D．如转基因植物的外源基因来源于自然界，则不存在安全性问题4．（2010全国卷二）下列叙述符合基因工程概念的是A．B淋巴细胞与肿瘤细胞融合，杂交瘤细胞中含有B淋巴细胞中的抗体基因B．将人的干扰素基因重组到质粒后导入大肠杆菌，获得能产生人干扰素的菌株C．用紫外线照射青霉菌，使其DNA发生改变，通过筛选获得青霉素高产菌株D．自然界中天然存在的噬菌体自行感染细菌后其DNA整合到细菌DNA上5．（2010浙江卷）在用基因工程技术构建抗除草剂的转基因烟草过程中，下列操作错误的是A．用限制性核酸内切酶切割烟草花叶病毒的核酸B．用DNA连接酶连接经切割的抗除草剂基因和载体C．将重组DNA分子导入烟草原生质体D．用含除草剂的培养基筛选转基因烟草细胞6．下列关于基因工程应用的叙述，正确的是A．基因治疗就是把缺陷基因诱变成正常基因B．基因诊断的基本原理是DNA分子杂交C．基因芯片可以改造变异基因D．原核基因不能用来进行真核生物的遗传改良7．（2010浙江卷）下列关于动物细胞培养的叙述，正确的是A．培养保留接触抑制的细胞在培养瓶壁上可形成多层细胞B．克隆培养法培养过程中多数细胞的基因型会发生改变C．二倍体细胞的传代培养次数通常是无限的D．恶性细胞系的细胞可进行传代培养8．为了防止转基因作物的目的基因通过花粉转移到自然界中其他植物体内，科学家设法将目的基因整合到受体细胞的叶绿体基因组中，其原因是A．叶绿体基因组不会进入到生殖细胞中B．植物杂交的后代不会出现一定的性状分离比C．转基因植物中的细胞质基因与其他植物间不能通过花粉发生基因交流D．转基因植物与其他植物间不能通过花粉发生基因交流9．（2006北京）以下不能．．说明细胞全能性的实验是A．菊花花瓣细胞培育出菊花新植株B．紫色糯性玉米种子培育出植株C．转入抗虫基因的棉花细胞培育出植株D．番茄与马铃薯体细胞杂交后培育出植株10．在下列选项中，没有．．采用植物组织培养技术的是A．利用秋水仙素处理萌发的种子或幼苗，得到多倍体植株B．利用花药离体培养得到单倍体植株C．利用基因工程培育抗寒的番茄植株D．利用细胞工程培育“番茄—马铃薯”杂种植株二、非选择题：（每空2分）11．（2007山东）继哺乳动物乳腺生物反应器研发成功后，膀胱生物反应器的研究也取得了一定进展。
最近，科学家培育出一种转基因小鼠，其膀胱上皮细胞可以合成人的生长激素并分泌到尿液中。
请回答：（1）将人的生长激素基因导入小鼠受体细胞，常用方法是。
（2）进行基因转移时，通常要将外源基因转入中，原因是。
（3）通常采用技术检测外源基因是否插入了小鼠的基因组。
（4）在研制膀胱生物反应器时，应使外源基因在小鼠的细胞中特异表达。
（5）为使外源基因在后代长期保持，可将转基因小鼠体细胞的转入细胞中构成重组细胞，使其发育成与供体具有相同性状的个体。
该技术称为。
12．（2008山东）为扩大可耕地面积，增加粮食产量，黄河三角洲等盐碱地的开发利用备受关注。
我国科学家应用耐盐基因培育出了耐盐水稻新品系。
（1）获得耐盐基因后，构建重组DNA分子所用的限制性内切酶作用于图中的_____处，DNA 连接酶作用于_______处。
（填“a”或“b”）（2）将重组DNA分子导入水稻受体细胞的常用方法有农杆菌转化法和_____________法。
（3）由导入目的基因的水稻细胞培养成植株需要利用____________________技术，该技术的核心是________________和_________________。
（4）为了确定耐盐转基因水稻是否培育成功，既要用放射性同位素标记的______________做探针进行分子杂交检测，又要用________ _____方法从个体水平鉴定水稻植株的耐盐性。
13．（2009山东）（8分）人类在预防与诊疗传染性疾病过程中，经常使用疫苗和抗体。
已知某传染性疾病的病原体为RNA病毒，该病毒表面的A蛋白为主要抗原，且疾苗生产和抗体制备的流程之一如下图：请回答：（1）过程①代表的是。
（2）过程②构建A基因表过载体时，必须使用和两种工具酶。
（3）过程③采用的实验技术是，获得的X是。
（4）对健康人进行该传染病免疫预防时，可选用图中基因工程生产的所制备的疫苗。
对该传染病疑似患者确诊时，可以疑问患者体内分离病毒，与已知病毒进行比较；或用图中的进行特异性结合检测。
14．（2010山东）胚胎工程是一项综合性的动物繁育技术，可在畜牧业和制药业等领域发挥重要作用。
下图是通过胚胎工程培育试管牛的过程。
（1）从良种母牛采集的卵母细胞，都需要进行体外培养，其目的是；从良种公牛采集的精子需进行处理，使其后才能进行受精作用。
（2）在体外培养受精卵时，除了给予一定量的O2以维持细胞呼吸外，还需要提供气体以维持。
（3）图中过程A称为，它在胚胎工程中的意义在于。
（4）获得转基因母牛后，如果即说明目的基因已经表达。
15．（2010广东）红细胞生成素(EPO)是体内促进红细胞生成的一种糖蛋白，可用于治疗肾衰性贫血等疾病，由于天然EP0来源极为有限，目前临床使用的红细胞生成素主要来自于基因工程技术生产的重组人红细胞生成素(rhEPO），其简要生产流程如右图：（1）图中①所指的是技术。
（2）图中②所指的物质是，③所指的物质是。
（3）培养重组CHO 细胞时，为便于清除代谢产物，防止细胞严物积累对细胞自身造成危害，应定期更换。
（4）检测 rhEPO外活性需用抗rhEPO单克隆抗体。
分泌单克隆抗体的细胞，可由rhEPO免疫过的小鼠B淋巴细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合而成。
16．（2010天津）下图是培育表达人乳铁蛋白的乳腺生物反应器的技术路线。
图中tet R表示四环素抗性基因，amp R表示氨苄青霉素抗性基因，BamHI、HindIII、SmaI指示线所示为三种限制酶的酶切位点。
据图回答：（1）图中将人乳铁蛋白基因插入载体，需用限制酶同时酶切载体和人乳铁蛋白基因。
筛选含有重组载体的大肠杆菌首先需要在含的培养基上进行。
（2）能使人乳铁蛋白基因在乳腺细胞中特异性表达的调控序列是（填字母代号）。
A．启动子B．tet R C．复制原点D．amp R（3）过程①可采用的操作方法是（填字母代号）。
A．农杆菌转化B．大肠杆菌转化C．显微注射D．细胞融合（4）对早期胚胎进行切割，经过程②可获得多个新个体。
这利用了细胞的性。
（5）为检测人乳铁蛋白是否成功表达，可采用（填字母代号）技术。
A．核酸分子杂交B．基因序列分析C．抗原—抗体杂交D．PCR 17．（2010海南）请回答胚胎工程和基因工程方面的问题：（1）应用胚胎工程技术可以培育出“试管牛”。
试管牛的培育需经过体外受精、__________、_____________以及在母体中发育和产出等过程。
（2）培养的卵母细胞需要发育至减数第二次分裂的中期，该时期在显微镜下可观察到次级卵母细胞和__________。
（3）通常奶牛每次排出一枚卵母细胞，采用激素处理可使其一次排出多枚卵母细胞，常使用的激素是__________。
（4）利用基因工程可以获得转基因牛，从而改良奶牛的某些性状。
基因工程的四个基本操作步骤是_____ _____、基因表达载体的构建、____ ______和____ ______。
若要获得的转基因牛分泌的乳汁中含有人干扰素，则所构建的基因表达载体必须包括：某种牛乳腺分泌蛋白基因及其启动子、__________、__________、__________和复制原点等。
为获得能大量产生人干扰素的转基因牛，该基因表达载体应导入的受体细胞是__________。
18．（选做）（2010江苏）下表中列出了几种限制酶识别序列及其切割位点，图l、图2中箭头表示相关限制酶的酶切位点。
请回答下列问题：（1）一个图1所示的质粒分子经Sma Ⅰ切割前后，分别含有个游离的磷酸基团。
（2）若对图中质粒进行改造，插入的SmaⅠ酶切位点越多，质粒的热稳定性越。
（3）用图中的质粒和外源DNA构建重组质粒，不能使用Srna Ⅰ切割，原因是。
（4）与只使用EcoR I相比较，使用BamH Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ两种限制酶同时处理质粒、外源DNA的优点在于可以防止。
（5）为了获取重组质粒，将切割后的质粒与目的基因片段混合，并加入酶。
（6）重组质粒中抗生素抗性基因的作用是为了。
（7）为了从cDNA文库中分离获取蔗糖转运蛋白基因，将重组质粒导入丧失吸收蔗糖能力的大肠杆菌突变体，然后在的培养基中培养，以完成目的基因表达的初步检测。
现代生物科技专题模拟试题简答题1。
2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了三位在研究绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）方面做出突出贡献的科学家。
绿色荧光蛋白能在蓝光或紫外光的激发下发出荧光，这样借助GFP发出的荧光就可以跟踪蛋白质在细胞内部的移动情况，帮助推断蛋白质的功能。
下图为我国首例绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）转基因克隆猪的培育过程示意图，据图回答：注：图中通过过程①、②形成重组质粒，需要限制性内切酶切取目的基因、切割质粒。
限制性内切酶Ⅰ的识别序列和切点是—G↓GATCC—，限制性内切酶Ⅱ的识别序列和切点是—↓GATC—。
在质粒上有酶Ⅰ的一个切点，在目的基因的两侧各有1个酶Ⅱ的切点。
（1）在DNA连接酶的作用下，上述两种不同限制酶切割后形成的黏性末端能否连接起来，理由是：。
（2）过程③将重组质粒导入猪胎儿成纤维细胞时，采用最多的方法是。
（3）如果将切取的GFP基因与抑制小猪抗原表达的基因一起构建到载体上，GFP基因可以作为基因表达载体上的标记基因，其作用是。
获得的转基因克隆猪，可以解决的医学难题是，可以避免。
（4）目前科学家们通过蛋白质工程制造出了蓝色荧光蛋白，黄色荧光蛋白等，采用蛋白质工程技术制造出蓝色荧光蛋白过程的正确顺序是：（用数字表示）。
