美国Hmcells

abd┃abdominal 腹部的ABK┃aphakic bullous keratopathy无晶体性大泡性角膜病变abn┃abnormal异常ac┃before meals餐前AC┃anterior chamber前房ACC┃accommodation调节ACG┃angle-closure glaucoma闭角青光眼ACIOL┃anterior chamber intraocular lens前房型眼内晶体add┃adduction or reading additional powe r内收；阅读另加屈光力ad lib┃as desired当需要时adv┃advanced高度AIBSE┃acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement急性特发性盲点扩大综合征AIDS┃acquired immunodeficiency syndrome艾滋病AION┃arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy动脉缺血性视神经病变┃anterior ischemic optic neuropathy前部缺血性视神经病变AKS┃ankyl osing spondylitis强直性脊椎炎AL┃argon laser氩激光ALPI┃argon laser peripheral iridoplasty氩激光周边虹膜成形术ALT┃argon laser trabeculoplasty氩激光小梁成形术AMA┃against medical advice违反医疗忠告ambl┃amblyopia弱视AMD┃age-related macular degeneration年龄相关性黄斑变性AMN┃acute macular neuroretin opathy急性黄斑神经视网膜病变AMPPE┃acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy 急性多病灶性盾鳞状色素上皮病变AMPPPE┃acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy急性多病灶性后部盾鳞状色素上皮病变ANA┃antinuclear antibody抗核抗体ant┃anterior前APMPPE┃acute posterior multifocal placoid p igment epitheliopathy 急性后部多病灶性盾鳞状色素上皮病变AODM┃adult-onset diabetes mellitus成人（发病）型糖尿病AP┃anteroposterior前后APD┃afferent pupillary defect瞳孔传入缺陷approx┃approximately大约APTT┃activated partial thromboplastin time激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间ARC┃anomalous retinal correspondenc e异常视网膜对应ARMD┃age-retinal pigment epitheliitis年龄相关性黄斑变性ARN┃acute retinal necrosis急性视网膜坏死ARPE┃acute retinal pegment epitheliitis急性视网膜色素上皮炎art┃artificial tears人工泪液AS┃anterior synechia前粘连ASA┃aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid)阿司匹林ASAP┃as soon as possible尽快地ASC┃anterior subcapsular cataract前囊下白内障ASCVD┃atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease动脉硬化性心血管病ASHD┃atherosclerotic heart disease动脉硬化性心脏病astig┃astigmatism散光ATR┃against-the-rule(astigmatism)逆规性（散光）AU┃anterior uveitis前葡萄膜炎AVM┃arteriovenous malformation动静脉畸形A/V┃arteriolar/venous(ratio,nicking)小动脉/静脉（比，压痕）AZOOR┃acute zonal occult outer retinopathy急性区域性隐匿性外层视网膜病变Bas┃basophils嗜碱细胞BC┃base curve基底曲线BCC┃basal cell carcinoma基底细胞癌BCP┃birth control pill避孕丸BCR┃base curve radius基底弯曲半径BCVA┃best corrected visua l acuity最佳矫正视力BD┃base down底向下BDR┃background diabetic retinopathy背景型糖尿病性视网膜病变BI┃base in底向内bid┃twice a day一日两次bilat┃bilateral两侧性BIO┃binocular indirect ophthalmoscope双眼间接检眼镜BK┃bullous keratopathy大泡性角膜病变bleph┃blepharitis睑缘炎BM┃basement membrane基底膜BO┃b ase out 底向外BP┃blood pressure血压BRAO┃branch retinal artery occlusion视网膜分枝动脉阻塞BRVO┃branch retinal vein occlusion视网膜分枝静脉阻塞BU┃base up底向上BUT┃break-up time泪膜破裂时间BVA┃best visual acuity最佳视力bx┃biopsy活检c┃with与c┃cornea角膜CA┃carcinoma癌CABG┃coronary artery byp ass graft冠状动脉旁路移植CAD┃coronary artery disease冠状动脉病CAI┃carbonic anhydrase inhibitor碳酸酐酶抑制剂Cap ┃capsule胶囊CAR┃cancer-associated retinopathy癌相关性视网膜病变cat┃cataract白内障CAT┃computed axial tomography计算机体层摄影术CB┃ciliary body睫状体CBC┃complete blood count完全血细胞计数cc┃with correction矫正（视力）cc┃chief complaint主诉CCA┃common carotid artery颈总动脉CCT┃computer-assisted corneal topography角膜地形图仪C/D┃cup-to-disc ratio杯/盘比CF┃count fingers数指CFZ┃capillary-free zone无毛细血管地带C＆F┃cells and flare细胞和光带（闪光）CHF┃congestive heart failure充血性心力衰竭CHI┃closed head injury闭合性头颅外伤CHRPE┃congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium先天性视网膜色素上皮肥厚CK┃conductive keratoplasty传导性角膜成形术CL┃contact lens,clear接触镜，透明CME┃cystoid macular edema囊样黄斑水肿cmv┃cytomegalovirus巨细胞病毒CN┃cranial nerve脑神经CNS┃centr al nervous system中枢神经系统CNV┃choroidal neovascularization脉络膜新生血管形成CNVM┃choroidal neovascular membrane脉络膜新生血管膜c/o┃complaining of主诉COAG┃chronic open-angle glaucoma慢开角青光眼cong┃congenital先天性conj┃conjunctiva结膜COP┃cicatricial ocular pemphigoid瘢痕性眼类天疱疮COPD┃c hronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺病CP┃cerebral palsy大脑麻痹CPEO┃chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹CPR┃cardiopulmonary resuscitation心肺复苏术CR┃chorioretinal脉络膜视网膜CRAO┃central retinal artery occlusion视网膜中央动脉阻塞CRF┃chronic renal fai lure慢性肾衰竭CRT┃corneal refractive therapy角膜屈光矫正法CRVO┃central retinal vein occlusion视网膜中央静脉阻塞C＆S┃culture and sensitivity培养和敏感性CSCR┃central serous chorioretinopathy中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变CSF┃cerebrospinal fluid脑脊髓液CSME┃clinical significant macular edema临床意义性黄斑水肿CSR┃central serous retinopathy中心性浆液性视网膜病变csw┃corneoscleral wound角膜巩膜创伤CT┃cover test遮盖试验┃computed tomography计算机体层摄影CT scan┃computed tomographic scan计算机体层扫描CV┃color vision色觉CVA┃cerebrovascular accident脑中风CVD┃cardiovascular disease 心血管病CWS┃cotton-wool spot棉絮斑Cx┃culture（微生物）培养CXR┃chest x-ray film胸部X光片cyl┃cylinder柱镜d┃days天D┃diopter or diameter屈光度或直径D/C┃discontinue停止D＆C┃deep and clear（前房）深而透明DD┃disc diameter视盘直径DDx┃differential diagnosis鉴别诊断DFE┃dilated fundus examination扩瞳检查眼底D＆I┃ dilation and i rrigation（泪道）扩张和灌洗DHD┃dissociated horizontal deviation分离性水平偏斜dia┃diameter直径disp┃dispense配药DM┃diabetes mellitus糖尿病DR┃diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变DV┃distance vision远距离视力DVA┃distance vision acuity远距离视力DVD┃dissociated vertical deviation分离性垂直偏离DW┃daily wear每日戴（接触镜）Dx┃diagnosis诊断DX┃Diamox醋氮酰胺E┃esophoria at far内隐斜（视远）E’ ┃esophoria at near内隐斜（视近）ECA┃external carotid artery颈外动脉ECCE┃extracapsular cataract extraction白内障囊外摘除术EDTA┃ethylene dianline tetraacctic acid乙烯dianline tetraacctic酸EEG┃electroencep halogram脑电图EF┃eccentric fixation离心注视EKC┃epidemic keratoconjunctivitis流行性角结膜炎EKGorECG┃electrocardiogram心电图ELISA┃enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay酶连结免疫吸收测定EMM┃epimacular membrane黄斑表面膜endo┃endothelium内皮细胞ENT┃ear,nose,throat耳鼻喉EOG┃electro-oculogram眼电图EOM┃extraocular muscles眼外肌eos┃eosinophil嗜酸型细胞epi┃epithelium上皮细胞ER┃emergency room急诊室ERG┃electroretinogram视网膜电图ERM┃epiretinal membrane视网膜表面膜ESR┃erythrocyte sedimentation rate血沉ET┃esotropia at far内斜视（视远）ET’ ┃esotropia at near内隐斜（视近）E（T）orIET┃intermit tent esotropia at far间歇性内隐斜（视近）E（T）’orIET’┃ intermittent esotropia at near间歇性内隐斜（视远）ETOH┃ethyl alcohol乙醇，酒精EUA ┃examination under anesthesia全麻下检查EW┃extended wear长期戴用（接触镜）EXT┃external ocular examination外眼检查exoph┃exophthalmos眼球突出FA┃fluorescein angiogr aphy荧光素血管造影FAZ┃fluorescein angiography中心凹无血管地带FB┃foreign body异物FBS┃fasting blood sugar空腹血糖FC┃finger count数指FFA┃fundus fluorescein angiography荧光素眼底血管造影FHorFHx┃family history家族史fl┃fluorescein荧光素FMHx┃family medical history家族病史FML┃fluorometholone弗米隆F OHx┃family ocular history家族眼病史FR┃foveal reflex中心凹反光FROM┃full range of motion运动范围完整FTA-ABS┃fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收试验FTMH┃full-thickness macular hole黄斑全层裂孔f/u┃follow-up随访GC┃gonorrhea or gonococcus淋病或淋菌GCA┃giant cell a rteritis巨细胞性动脉炎gent┃gentamicin庆大霉素GI┃gastrointestine胃肠GLC┃glaucoma,glucose青光眼，葡萄糖fonio┃gonioscopy前房角镜检查GPC┃giant papillary conjunctivitis巨乳头性结膜炎gr┃grain 谷（=0.065克）gt or gtt┃drop(Plural,gtt)滴（复数，gtt）GTT┃glucose tolerance test葡萄糖耐量试验GVF┃Goldmann vis ual field Goldmann视野H or hr(hrs) ┃hour小时HA┃headache头痛Hb,Hgb┃hemoglobin血红蛋白HCL┃hard contact lens硬性接触镜Hct┃hematocrit血细胞比容HCTZ┃hydrocholorothiazide呋塞米（双氢克尿塞）hem┃hemorrhage出血HIV┃human immunodeficiency virus人类免疫缺陷病毒HLA┃histocompatibility locus antigen or human leukocyte antigen组织相容性基因位点抗原或人类白细胞抗原h/o┃history of历史HM┃hand motion手动H＆P┃history and physical病史和体格hs┃at bedtime在就寝时间HSK┃herpes simplex keratitis单纯疱疹性角膜炎HSV┃herpes simplex virus单纯疱疹病毒HT┃hypertropia at far上斜视（远距离）HT’ ┃hypertropia at near上斜视（近距离）HTN┃hypertension高血压HVF┃Humphrey visual field Humphrey视野Hx┃history历史HZO┃herpes zoster ophthalmicus眼带状疱疹I┃iris虹膜I＆A┃irrigation and aspiration灌注和抽吸IBx┃incisional biopsy切口性活检IC┃iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎ICA┃internal carotid artery颈内动脉ICCE┃intracapsular c ataract extraction白内障囊内摘除术ICE┃inidocorneal endothelial syndrome虹膜角膜内皮综合征ICG┃indocyanine green吲哚青绿ICP┃intracranial pressure颅内压ICU┃intensive care unit监护病房I＆D┃incision and drainage切开引流术IDDM┃insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus胰岛素依赖糖尿病IDU┃idoxuridine疱疹净IFIOL┃iris-fixated intraocular lens虹膜固定眼内晶体Ig┃immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白IK┃interstitial keratitis基质性角膜炎Im┃intramuscular肌内Imp┃impression印象inf┃inferior下inj┃injection注射INO┃internuclear ophthalmoplegia核间眼肌麻痹INQ┃inferonasal quadrant鼻下象限int┃intermittent间歇性IOF B┃intraocular forergn body眼内异物IOH┃intraocular hemorrhage眼内出血IOL┃intraocular lens眼内晶状体，人工晶体ION┃ischemic optic neuropathy缺血性视神经病变IOP┃intraocular pressure眼压IR┃infrared红外线IRMA┃intraretinal microvascular abnormality视网膜内微血管异常ITQ┃inferotemporal quadrant颞下象限iu┃international unit or intermediate uveitis国际单位或中间葡萄膜炎IV┃intravenous静脉内JCT┃Juxtacanalicular Tissue管旁组织JODM┃juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus青少年型糖尿病JRA┃juvenile rheumatoid arthritis少年类风湿性关节炎K┃cornea or potassium角膜或钾KCS┃keratoconjunctivitis sicca干燥性角膜结膜炎kg┃kilogram公斤KP┃keratic precipiate角膜后沉着物L┃left or lens左或晶状体lab┃laboratory试验室lac┃lacrimal泪LASEK┃laser subepithelial keratomileusis激光上皮下角膜磨削术LASIK┃laser in situ keratomileusis激光原位角膜磨削术LCG┃light contrast glare光对比炫耀LCTP┃lateral canthal tendon pli cation外眦腱折叠术LI┃laser iridotomy or laser interferometry激光虹膜切开术或激光干涉仪LK,LKP┃lamellar keratoplasty板层角膜移植术LIO┃left inferior oblique左眼下斜肌LIR┃left inferior rectus左眼下直肌LL┃lower lid or lids and lashes下睑或眼睑和睫毛LLR┃left lateral rectus左眼外直肌LMR┃left medial rectu s左眼内直肌LN┃lymph node淋巴结LP┃light perception,light projection,or lumber puncture光感，光定位，或腰椎穿刺LPI┃laser peripheral iridoplasty激光周边虹膜成形术LS┃lid scrubs睑缘擦洗（治疗睑缘炎）LSO┃laser scanner ophthalmolscope激光扫描检眼镜LSO┃left superior oblique左眼上斜肌LSR┃left superior rectus左眼上直肌LTP┃laser trabeculoplasy激光小梁成形术LTQ┃lower temporal quadrant颞下象限LVA┃low vision aids低视力辅助lymph┃lymphocytes or lymphatic淋巴细胞或淋巴mac┃macular黄斑mand┃mandibular下颌骨MAR┃melanoma-associated retinopathy黑色素相关的视网膜病变max┃maximum or maxillary最大值或上颌骨MCH┃mean co rpuscular hemoglobin 平均血细胞血红蛋白MCHC┃mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration平均血细胞血红蛋白浓度MCV┃mean corpuscular volume平均血细胞体积ME┃macular edema黄斑水肿MEDs┃medications药物治疗mERG┃multifocal ERG多区域（多焦）视网膜电图mfERG┃multifocal ERG多区域（多焦）视网膜电图MEWDS┃multiple evanescent white dot syndrome多数消散性白点综合征MFC┃multifocal choroiditis多病灶性脉络膜炎M.G. ┃Marcus Gunn瞳孔传入缺陷MHx┃medical history病史MI┃myocardial infarction心肌梗塞min┃minute or minimum分钟或最小量ml┃milliliter毫升mmHg┃millimeters of mercury毫米汞柱M＆N┃Mydriacyl(tropicamide)and Neo-synephrine(phenylephrine) 两种最常用的扩瞳剂：托庇卡按及新福林mon┃monocytes单核细胞MR┃manifest refraction显性验光┃magnetic resonance磁共振MRA┃magnetic resonance angiography磁共振血管造影术MRD┃上睑缘至角膜中心反光点的距离MRI┃magnetic resonance imaging磁共振成像术MS┃multiple sclerosis多发性硬化MVA┃motor vehicle accide nt交通工具意外事故（车祸）N/A┃not applicable不适用NAG┃narrow-angle glaucoma窄角型青光眼NAION┃nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy非动脉缺血性视神经病变NAP┃no apparent pathology无明显病理学NCT┃noncontact tonometer非接触眼压计neg┃negative隐性NFL┃nerve fiber layer神经纤维层NFLD┃nerve fiber layer def ect神经纤维层缺陷NG┃nongranulomatous非肉芽肿性NI┃no improvement无进步NIDDM┃non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病NION┃Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy非动脉缺血性视神经病变NKA┃no known allergies无已知的过敏反应nl┃normal正常NLP┃no light perception无光感Non repet┃not to b e repeated(refilled)不重复（再次发药）NPA┃near point of accommodation调节近点NPC┃near point of convergence集合近点NPDR┃non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变NR┃no refill不能再次发药NRC┃normal retinal correspondence正常视网膜对应NS┃nuclear sclerosis核性白内障（核硬化）NSA┃no si gnificant abnormalities无重要异常NSAID┃no steroidal anti-inflammatory drug非类固醇消炎药NTG┃normal tension glaucoma正常眼压性青光眼NV┃near vision or neovascularization近视力或新生血管形成NV┃neovascularization新生血管形成N/V┃nausea and vomiting恶心和呕吐NVA┃Near visual acuity近视力NVD┃neovascu larization of disc视盘新生血管形成NVE┃neovascularization of retina elsewhere视网膜新生血管形成NVG┃neovascular glaucoma新生血管性青光眼NVI┃neovascularization of the iris虹膜新生血管形成OA┃optic atrophy视神经萎缩OAG┃open-angle glaucoma开角型青光眼OCP┃ocular cicatricial pemphigoid眼瘢痕性类天疱疮OCT┃opt ic coherence tomography光学相干体层扫描术，光学相干层析术OD┃right eye右眼ODM┃ophthalmodynamometry眼动脉压测量OFHx┃ocular family history眼病家族史OGTT┃oral glucose tolerance test口服葡萄糖耐量试验OHTN┃ocular hypertension高眼压病OHx┃ocular history眼病史OKN┃optokinetic nystagmus视运动性眼球震颤ON┃optic n erve视神经ONAorOA┃optic nerve atrophy or optic atrophy视神经萎缩ONH┃optic nerve head视神经头ONSD┃optic nerve sheath decompression视神经鞘减压术OP┃outpatient门诊病人Op┃operation(Post Op)手术（术后）OR┃operating room手术室┃Over-refraction重叠验光Ortho┃orthophoria正视轴Ortho-K┃CRT,corneal refractive therapy角膜屈光矫正法OS┃left eye左眼OU┃both eyes双眼OZ┃optical zone光学地带p┃pupil瞳孔PA┃posteroanterior后前PACG┃primary angle-closure glaucoma原发性闭角型青光眼PACT┃prism alternating cover test棱镜交替遮盖试验PAM┃potential acuity meter潜在视力计PAN┃preauricular node耳前淋巴结PAS┃peripheral anterior synechia周边虹膜前粘连Pat or pt┃patient病人path┃pathology病理学P4,P2,etc. pilocarpine4%,2%,etc.drops毛果云香碱4%，2%等，眼药水PBK┃pseudophakic bullous keratopathy无晶状体性大泡性角膜病变PC┃after meals餐后PC┃posterior capsule后囊PCF┃pharyngoconjunctival fever咽结膜热PCIOL┃posterior chamber intraocular lens后房眼内晶体PCN┃penicillin青霉素PCO┃posterior capsular opacity后囊混浊PD┃prism diopter棱镜屈光度PD┃pupillary distance瞳孔距离PDR┃proliferative diabetic retinopathy增生性糖尿病视网膜病变PDS┃pigment dispersion syndrome色素播散综合征PDT┃photodynamic therapy光动力疗法PE┃physical examination体格检查PED┃pigment epithelial detachment色素上皮脱离PEE┃punctate epithelial erosions点状上皮侵蚀PEK┃punctate epithelial keratitis点状上皮角膜炎PERG┃pattern electroretinogram图形视网膜电图PERRL┃pupils equal,round,reactive to light瞳孔相等，圆，对光反射PERRLA┃pup ils equal,round,reactive to light and accommodation瞳孔相等，圆，对光反应和调节PF┃Pred FortePg┃Prostaglandin前列腺素ph┃pinhole针孔phako┃phakoemulsification晶状体乳化术PHNIorNIph┃pinhole no improvement针孔无进步PHPV┃persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous永存原始玻璃体增生症PI┃present illn ess,peripheral iridotomy,or peripheral iridectomy现有疾病，周边虹膜切开术，或周边虹膜切除术PKPorPK┃penetrating keratoplasty穿透性角膜移植术PMMA┃polymethyl methacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（有机玻璃）PMN┃polymorphonuclear neutrophil多形核中性白细胞po┃per os,by mouth口服POAG┃primary open-angle glaucose原发性开角型青光眼POHS┃presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome假定眼组织胞浆菌病综合征post┃posterior后PPA┃peripapillary atrophy视乳头周围萎缩PPD┃purified protein derivative or posterior polymorphous dystrophy 纯蛋白质衍生物或后多形性营养不良PPDR┃pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy增生前型糖尿病视网膜病变PPL┃par s plana lensectomy平部晶状体切除术PPV┃pars plana vitrectomy平部玻璃体切割术prep┃preparation准备PRK┃photorefractive keratectomy激光屈光角膜切除术prn┃take as needed当需要时服用PRP┃pan-retinal photocoagulation全视网膜光凝术PS┃posterior synechia虹膜后粘连PSC┃posterior subcapsular catarcat后囊下白内障PT C┃pseudotumor cerebri大脑假性肿瘤PTK┃phototherapeutic keratectomy光治疗性角膜切除术PVD┃posterior vitreous detachment玻璃体后脱离PVEP┃pattern visual evoked potential图形视觉诱发电位PVR┃proliferative vitreoretinopathy增生性玻璃体视网膜病变Px┃prognosis预后PXE┃psuedoxanthoma elasticum弹力性黄假瘤q┃ev ery每qd┃every day每天q2h┃every 2 hours每2小时qid┃four times a day一天四次qod┃every other day每隔一日R┃right右RA┃rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎RB┃rose Bengal,retinoblastoma孟加拉玫瑰红，视网膜母细胞瘤RBC┃red blood cell红血细胞RBON┃retrobulbar optic neuritis球后视神经炎RCE┃recurrent cornea l erosion复发性角膜侵蚀RD┃retinal ditachment视网膜脱离RF┃rheumatoid factor类风湿因子R-G┃red-green红-绿RGB┃Red green blue红绿蓝RGP┃rigid gas permeable刚质透气（接触镜）RI┃rubeosis iridis虹膜红变RIO┃right inferior oblique右眼下斜肌RIR┃right inferior rectus右眼下直肌RK┃radial keratotomy放射状角膜切开术RLR┃right lateral tectus右眼外直肌RMR┃right medial rectus右眼内直肌R/O┃rule Out摈除，排除ROP┃retinopathy of prematurity早产儿视网膜病变RP┃retinitis pigmentosa视网膜色素变性RPE┃retinal pigment epithelium视网膜色素上皮RRD┃rhegmatogenous retinal detachment孔原性视网膜脱离RSO┃right superior obliq ue右眼上斜肌RSR┃right superior rectus右眼上直肌RT┃return复诊RTC┃return to clinic复诊RTO┃return to office复诊RV┃return visit复诊Rx┃prescription处方s┃without没有SB┃scleral buckle巩膜扣带术sc┃without correction未戴眼镜矫正SCL┃soft contact lens软接触镜SEI┃subepithelial infiltrate上皮下侵润SI┃sector iridectomy扇形虹膜切除术sibs┃siblings同胞Sig┃write on label用法SJS┃Stevens-Johnson syndrome综合征SL┃Schwalbe’s line or serum lysozyme Schwalbe线或血清溶菌霉SLE┃slit lamp examination or systemic lupus erythematosus裂隙灯检查或系统性红斑狼疮SLK┃superior limbic keratoconjuncti vitis上部角膜缘角结膜炎Sn┃sign体征SNQ┃superonasal quadrant鼻上象限SOB┃shortness of breath呼吸短促Sol┃solution溶液S/P┃status post后状态（例如XX手术后）Sph┃spherical球面镜SPK┃superficial punctuate keratitis浅层点状角膜炎SR┃subjective refraction主觉验光SRF┃subretinal fluid视网膜下液体SRNV┃subretinal neovascularization视网膜下新生血管形成SRNVM┃subretinal neovascular membrane视网膜下新生血管膜SRx┃spectacle prescription眼镜处方Ss┃scleral spur or sickle cell disease巩膜突或镰状细胞病stat┃immediately立即STD┃***ually transmitted disease性传播疾病STQ┃superotemporal quadrant颞上象限strab┃strab ismus斜视subcu┃subcutaneous皮下sup┃superior下susp┃suspension悬浮液SVP┃spontaneous venous pulsation自发性静脉波动Sx┃symptom症状synech┃synechia虹膜粘连T1/2┃Timoptic drops0.5%0.5%赛马心安眼药水TA┃applanation tonometry or temporal arteritis压平式眼压测量法或颞动脉炎Tab ┃tablet片剂Tap┃applanat ion tonometry压平式眼压测量法TB┃tuberculosis结核tbs┃tablespoon汤匙TBUT┃tear break-up time泪膜破裂时间TDx┃tentative diagnosis试验性诊断TIA┃transient ischemic attack暂时性缺血性发作tid┃three times a day一日三次TM┃trabecular meshwork小梁网状组织，小梁网络Tnct┃noncontact(air puff)tonometry非接触性（空气冲击）眼压测量法TPR┃temperature,pulse,respiration体温，脉搏，呼吸trab┃trabeculectomy小梁切除术TSH┃thyroid-stimulating hormone促甲状腺激素Tsp┃teaspoon茶匙Tx┃treatment治疗UA┃urinalysis尿分析UBM┃ultrasound biomicroscope超声活体显微镜UCT┃unilateral cover test单眼遮盖试验UL┃upper lid上睑ung┃ointment软膏UNQ┃upper nasal quadrant鼻上象限URI┃upper respiratory infection上呼吸道感染UTI┃urinary tract infection尿路感染UTT┃unable to test不能试验UV┃ultraviolet紫外线V┃vitreous玻璃体VA┃visual acuity视力Vcc┃vision with correction较正视力Vccl┃vision with contact lens接触镜矫正视力VD┃venereal d isease性病VDRL┃Venereal disease research laboratory性病研究实验室（梅毒试验）VEP┃visual evoked potential视诱发电位VER┃visual evoked response视诱发反应VF┃visual fields视野VH┃vitreous hemorrhage玻璃体积血VKC┃vernal keratoconjunctivitis春季角膜结膜炎VKH┃Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome综合征VOR┃vestibuloocular reflex前庭眼反射Vsc┃vision without correction裸眼视力VZV┃varicella-zoster correction水痘-带状疱疹病毒W-4-D┃Worth-four-dot Worth四点灯WBC┃white blood cell白血细胞WC┃warm compresses热敷WC/LS┃warm compresses and lid scrubs热敷及擦洗睑缘Wk┃week星期WNL┃within normal limit s在正常限度内WRA┃with-the-rule astigmatism顺规性（散光）wt┃weight重量X┃exophoria at far or axis外隐斜（视远）或轴X’ ┃exophoria at near外隐斜（视近）XT┃constant exotropia at far外斜视（视远）XT’ ┃contant exotropia at near外斜视（视近）X(T)orIXT┃intermittent exotropia at far间歇性外斜视（视远）X(T)’orIXT’ ┃intermittent exotropia at near间歇性外斜视（视近）YAG┃yttrium aluminum garnet亿铝石榴激光YLI┃YAG laser iridotomy YAG激光虹膜切开术Y/O┃years old岁（年龄）YPC┃YAG laser posterior capsulotomy YAG激光后囊切开术。

称重传感器有哪些品牌？
1、美国VISHAY称重传感器
-美国Tedea-Huntleigh
-美国celtron
-美国vishay nobel
-美国vishay BLH
-美国Revere
-美国Sensortronics 2、美国称重传感器
-美国Transcell
-美国MKCELLS
-美国ZEMIC
-美国AC
-美国RICELAKE
-美国Load Cell Central
-美国Hmcells
3、德国称重传感器
-德国HBM
-德国Sartorius/赛多利斯
-德国FLINTEC/富林泰克
-德国TECSIS
-德国SOEMER
4、瑞士称重传感器
-METTLER托利多
-瑞士FMS
5、西班牙称重传感器
-西班牙Utilcell
-西班牙Sensocar
6、韩国称重传感器
-韩国Bongshin/奉信
-韩国Dacell
-韩国CAS
7、日本称重传感器
-日本NMB(Minebea美蓓亚)
-日本NTS
-日本大和YAMATO
-日本艾安得A&D
-UNIPULSE尤尼帕斯
8、意大利称重传感器,仪表
-意大利狄纳乔Dini Argeo
-意大利Laumas
-意大利NBC
-意大利AEP
-意大利ADOS
-意大利CELMI（塞米）
9、国内知名品牌称重传感器,仪表
-宁波柯力
-广测GUANGCE
-珠海志美CHIMEI
-上海耀华。

Harvard Stem Cell Institute，HSCI/哈佛干细胞研究所，成立于2004年，是由哈佛大学、哈佛大学附属医院以及一些公共研究机构组成，其目的是对干细胞进行全面的研究，以期对疾病治疗带来帮助。

HSCI主要对三个核心项目进行资助：1）设备仪器及技术共享中心；2）专门研究工具及试剂中心；3）医疗筛选中心。

HSCI主要关注的疾病研究包括血液疾病、心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肾病以及神经系统疾病等。

The American Society of Hematology/美国血液学学会是世界上最大的专业社会服务，全世界正在努力征服血液疾病临床医生和科学家使用协会的使命是促进理解、诊断、治疗和预防影响血液、骨髓和免疫,止血和血管系统疾病,促进研究、临床护理、教育、培训和宣传。

California Institute for Regenerative Medicine , CIRMhttps:///加州再生医学研究所成立于2005年，是集加州干细胞研究和相关基金资助管理为一体的研发机构。

在遵循道德和伦理的前提下，CIRM旨在支持和促进干细胞和再生医学相关研究，开发新的治疗和诊断技术，以减轻人们患慢性疾病和创伤性疾病的痛苦。

McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine/McGowan再生医学研究所（McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine）成立于2001年，主要从三个重点领域加快在再生医学研究，这三个领域包括：组织工程和生物材料、细胞疗法、医疗设备及人造器官。

组织工程的最基本水平是细胞与支架材料结合产生有功能的组织结构。

McGowan研究所的研究者们正在研究各种遗传疾病的治疗方法。

在对中风、糖尿病、大小便失禁、心脏衰竭等以细胞治疗为基础的临床试验中，McGowan研究所有着世界前沿的一套疗法。

McGowan研究所在再生医学方面的一个重要目标就是发展先进的技术，期望可以改善组织器官甚至使器官重生。

suncells接线盒说明
说明：柯力JXH-4接线盒又被称为JXH-4称重传感器接线盒和XXIII-GXHG33-4S(T)称重传感器接线盒。

美国Suncells JXH-4接线盒应用于汽车发动机制造，在汽车发动机制造系统中Suncells JXH-4称重传感器接线盒需要将3只以上的称重传感器电路进行接入一个
接线盒中，Suncells XXIII-GXHG33-4S(T)接线盒使整个汽车制造电路系统看起来更加美观整洁。

美国amcells JXH-4接线盒应用于汽车发动机制造系统中，amcells JXH-4称重传感器接线盒是四线接线盒，就是amcells XXIII-GXHG33-4S(T)接线盒能将4只不同的串联着的称重传感器电路并入同一条电路中。

美国Hmcells JXH-4接线盒在汽车发动机制造系统中应用，Hmcells JXH-4称重传感器接线盒汇总不同只称重传感器的电子信号和Hmcells XXIII-GXHG33-4S(T)接线盒使多只传
感器角差处于恒定状态。

若在汽车发动机制造中不用英国OAP
JXH-4接线盒，那么每只称重传感器的输出电信号就会存在差异，OAP JXH-4称重传感器接线盒对称重传感器内部的电阻值进行调整，在英国OAP XXIII-GXHG33-4S(T)接线盒的作用下，整个汽车制造电气系统中的可输出电压信号平衡，让称重测量结果更精准，又保证了安全。

科研利器：基因编辑Huh-7细胞系—助力冠状病毒、药物代谢、癌症研究肝脏作为人体五脏之一，与机体正常的代谢、解毒、凝血等过程息息相关，并且参与机体免疫，是维持机体生命不可缺少的重要器官。

在进行肝脏疾病的研究中，合适的细胞模型是重要的工具之一，但由于常规肝细胞获取困难、培养难度高、培养成本高昂，在一定程度上制约了肝脏疾病研究的发展。

因此，在肝脏研究中选择培养简单、遗传背景稳定的肝细胞系则成为了一种替代选择，其中Huh-7是最为常用肝癌细胞系之一。

Huh-7肝细胞系的应用Huh-7细胞系由Nakabayshi、H.和Sato，J建立于1982年，是从一名57岁的日本男性的肝脏肿瘤中提取的高分化肝细胞来源的癌细胞系，呈上皮样形态。

大多数Huh-7细胞的染色体数目在55 - 63之间，具有高度异质性。

肝炎病毒研究Huh-7对丙肝病毒(HCV)高度敏感，到目前为止，Huh-7及其衍生细胞株是唯一能够有效复制丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的细胞系，因此Huh-7常被用作研究HCV的模型。

可用于筛选抗丙型肝炎病毒的候选药物，和开发抗丙型肝炎的新药。

异种移植模型可用于建立细胞系来源的异种移植（Cell Line Derived Xenograft, CDX）小鼠模型，即Huh-7 CDX 模型。

此模型可用于临床前肿瘤生长抑制的研究，包括激酶抑制剂(例如.BZG-4000）、FGFR4、抗EGFRvIII抗体等新型抗肿瘤生长疗法(例如sorafenib和silibinin）。

药物研究可用于研究肝癌药物药效、代谢，并探讨药物的分子机制。

肝细胞系与CRISPR/Cas9技术相结合，为癌症、药物代谢和冠状病毒等研究提供新思路！利用CRISPR/Cas9敲除Huh-7的病毒复制关键宿主因子，探索冠状病毒复制的关键基因CypA（环孢素A结合蛋白）是许多RNA病毒复制的重要宿主因子。

此外，有些报道称，一些病毒的复制在不同程度上依赖于CypA。

1.异甘草素isoliquiritigenin; 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone 分子式C15H12O4分子量：2562.羟基红花黄色素 A Hydroxysafflor yellow A 化学分子式： C27H32O16分子量： 612.533.红花黄色素A safflor yellow A4.丹酚酸B Salvianolic Acid B 分子式：C36H30O16分子量：718.6145.丹参素钠Sodium Danshensu 分子式：C9H9O5Na 分子量：220.166.20(S)-原人参二醇20(S)-Protopanaxadiol7.千金藤素Cepharanthine 分子式：C37H38N2O6分子量：606.728.人参皂苷Rb3Ginsenoside-Rb3分子式: C53H90O22分子量: 1079.279.20(S)-人参二醇20(S)-panaxadiol10.20(S)-人参三醇20(S)-panaxatriol11.人参皂苷MC ginsenoside-MC12.人参皂苷CK ginsenoside-CK1.如何选用培养基？培养某一类型细胞没有固定的培养条件。

在MEM中培养的细胞，很可能在DMEM或M199中同样很容易生长。

总之，首选MEM做粘附细胞培养、RPMI-1640做悬浮细胞培养，各种目的无血清培养的首选是AIM V培养基（SFM）。

在开始进行新的细胞培养时，可以参考下表所列的条件：细胞系细胞类型种组织推荐使用的培养基293 成纤维细胞人胚胎肾MEM, 10% 热灭活马血清3T6 成纤维细胞小鼠胚胎DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清A549 上皮细胞人肺癌F-12K, 10%胎牛血清A9 成纤维细胞小鼠结缔组织DMEM, 10%胎牛血清AtT-20 上皮细胞小鼠垂体肿瘤F-10, 15% 马血清和2.5% 胎牛血清BALB/3T3 成纤维细胞小鼠胚胎DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清BHK-21 成纤维细胞仓鼠肾GMEM, 10% 胎牛血清或MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAABHL-100 上皮细胞人乳房McCoy'5A, 10% 胎牛血清BT 成纤维细胞牛鼻甲骨细胞MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAACaco-2 上皮细胞人结肠腺癌MEM, 20% 胎牛血清和NEAAChang 上皮细胞人肝脏BME, 10% 小牛血清CHO-K1 上皮细胞仓鼠卵巢F-12, 10% 胎牛血清Clone 9 上皮细胞大鼠肝脏F-12K, 10% 胎牛血清Clone M-3 上皮细胞小鼠黑素瘤F-10, 15% 马血清和2.5% 胎牛血清COS-1 成纤维细胞猴肾DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清COS-3 成纤维细胞猴肾DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清COS-7 成纤维细胞猴肾DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清CRFK 上皮细胞猫肾MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAACV-1 成纤维细胞猴肾MEM, 10% 胎牛血清D-17 上皮细胞狗骨肉瘤MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAADaudi 成淋巴细胞人淋巴瘤病人血液RPMI-1640, 10% 胎牛血清GH1 上皮细胞大鼠垂体肿瘤F-10, 15% 马血清和2.5% 胎牛血清GH3 上皮细胞大鼠垂体肿瘤F-10, 15% 马血清和2.5% 胎牛血清H9 成淋巴细胞人T细胞淋巴瘤RPMI-1640, 20% 胎牛血清HaK 上皮细胞仓鼠肾BME, 10% 小牛血清HCT-15 上皮细胞人结肠直肠腺癌RPMI-1640, 10% 胎牛血清HeLa 上皮细胞人子宫颈癌MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAA (in suspension, S-MEM)HEp-2 上皮细胞人喉癌MEM, 10% 胎牛血清HL-60 成淋巴细胞人早幼粒细胞白血病RPMI-1640, 20% 胎牛血清HT-1080 上皮细胞人纤维肉瘤MEM, 10% HI 胎牛血清和NEAAHT-29 上皮细胞人结肠腺癌McCoy's 5A, 10% 胎牛血清HUVEC 内皮细胞人脐带F-12K, 10% 胎牛血清和肝素盐100 ug/ mlI-10 上皮细胞小鼠睾丸癌F-10, 15% 马血清和2.5% 胎牛血清IM-9 成淋巴细胞人骨髓瘤病人骨髓RPMI-1640, 10% 胎牛血清JEG-2 上皮细胞人绒毛膜癌MEM, 10% 胎牛血清Jensen 成纤维细胞大鼠肉瘤McCoy's 5A, 5% 胎牛血清Jurkat 成淋巴细胞人淋巴瘤RPMI-1640, 10% 胎牛血清K-562 成淋巴细胞人骨髓性的白血病RPMI-1640, 10% 胎牛血清KB 上皮细胞人口腔癌MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAAKG-1 骨髓白细胞人红白血病病人骨髓IMDM, 20% 胎牛血清L2 上皮细胞大鼠肺F-12K, 10%胎牛血清L6 大鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清LLC-WRC 256 上皮细胞大鼠癌Medium 199, 5% 马血清McCoy 成纤维细胞小鼠未知MEM, 10% 胎牛血清MCF7 上皮细胞人乳腺癌MEM, 10% 胎牛血清NEAA, 10ug/ml 胰岛素WEHI-3b 类巨噬细胞小鼠骨髓单核细胞白血病DMEM, 10% 胎牛血清WI-38 上皮细胞人胚胎肺BME, 10% 胎牛血清WISH 上皮细胞人羊膜BME, 10% 胎牛血清WS1 人胚胎皮肤MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAAXC 上皮细胞大鼠肉瘤MEM, 10% 胎牛血清和NEAAY-1 上皮细胞小鼠肾上腺瘤F-10, 15% 马血清和2.5% 胎牛血清2.为什么要热灭活血清？加热可以灭活补体系统。

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells-bone marrow(HMSC-bm)Catalog Number: 7500Cell SpecificationMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized population of adult stem cells. They have the potential to develop into mature cells that produce fat, cartilage, bone, tendons, and muscle [1, 2]. These properties in combination with their developmental plasticity have generated tremendous interest in the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells to replace damaged tissues. MSC cultured without serum in the presence of transformation growth factor will differentiate into chondrocytes, whereas MSC cultured in serum with ascorbic acid and dexamethasone will differentiate into osteoblasts. MSC has the capability for renewal and differentiation into various lineages of mesenchymal tissues. In essence MSC could be cultured to expand their numbers then transplanted to the injured site or after seeding in/on shaped biomimetic scaffold to generate appropriate tissue constructs.HMSC-bm from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human bone marrow. HMSC-bm are cryopreserved at passage one culture and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >1 x 106 cells in 1 ml volume. HMSC are characterized by immunofluorescent method with antibodies to CD44, CD90 and lipid staining after differentiation. HMSC-bm are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi. HMSC-bm are guaranteed to further culture at the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories.Recommended MediumIt is recommended to use Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medium (MSCM, Cat. No. 7501) for the culturing of HMSC-bm in vitro.Product UseHMSC-bm are for research use only. It is not approved for human or animal use, or for application in in vitro diagnostic procedures.StorageDirectly and immediately transfer cells from dry ice to liquid nitrogen upon receiving and keep the cells in liquid nitrogen until cell culture is needed for experiments.ShippingDry ice.Reference1. Kassem, M. Mesenchymal stem cells: biological characteristics and potential clinical applications. 2004. Cloning Stem Cells. 6(4):369-74.2. Barry, F. P., and J. M. Murphy. Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization. 2004. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36(4):568-84.Instruction for culturing cellsCaution: Cryopreserved cells are very delicate. Thaw the vial in a 37o C waterbathand return them to culture as quickly as possible with minimal handling!Set up culture after receiving the order:1.Prepare a poly-L-lysine coated flask (2 g/cm2, T-75 flask is recommended) and leavethe flask in incubator overnight (minimum one hour at 37o C incubator).2.Prepare complete medium: decontaminate the external surfaces of medium and mediumsupplements with 70% ethanol and transfer them to sterile field. Aseptically open each supplement tube and add them to the basal medium with a pipette. Rinse each tube with medium to recover the entire volume.3.Rinse the poly-L-lysine coated flask with sterile water twice and add 20 ml of completemedium to the flask. Leave the flask in the hood and go to thaw the cells.4.Place the vial in a 37o C waterbath, hold and rotate the vial gently until the contents arecompletely thawed. Remove the vial from the waterbath immediately, wipe it dry, rinse the vial with 70% ethanol and transfer it to a sterile field. Remove the cap, being careful not to touch the interior threads with fingers. Using 1 ml eppendorf pipette gently resuspend the contents of the vial.5.Dispense the contents of the vial into the equilibrated, poly-L-lysine coated culturevessels. A seeding density of 5,000 cells/cm2 is recommended.Note: Dilution and centrifugation of cells after thawing are not recommended since these actions are more harmful to the cells than the effect of DMSO residue in the culture. It is also important that cells are plated in poly-L-lysine coated culture vessels that promote mesenchymal stem cell attachment.6.Replace the cap or cover of flask, and gently rock the vessel to distribute the cells evenly.Loosen caps if necessary to permit gas exchange.7.Return the culture vessels to the incubator.8.For best result, do not disturb the culture for at least 16 hours after the culture has beeninitiated. Change the growth medium the next day to remove the residual DMSO and unattached cells, then every other day thereafter. A healthy culture will display fibroblast-like morphology, usually in a scattered single cells rather than a homogeneous bundle or sheet of cells; and the cell number will be doubled after two to three days in culture. Maintenance of Culture:1.Change the medium to fresh supplemented medium the next morning after establishing aculture from cryopreserved cells. For subsequent subcultures, change medium 48 hours after establishing the subculture.2.Change the medium every other day thereafter, until the culture is approximately 50%confluent.3.Once the culture reaches 50% confluence, change medium every day until the culture isapproximately 80% confluent.Subculture:1.Subculture the cells when they are 90% confluent.2.Prepare poly-L-lysine coated cell culture flasks (2 g/cm2).3.Warm medium, trypsin/EDTA solution, trypsin neutralization solution, and DPBS toroom temperature. We do not recommend warming the reagents and medium at 37o C waterbath prior to use.4.Rinse the cells with DPBS.5.Incubate cells with 10 ml of trypsin/EDTA solution (in the case of T-75 flask) until 80%of cells are rounded up (monitored with microscope). Add 10 ml of trypsin neutralization solution to the digestion immediately and gently rock the culture vessel.Note: Use ScienCell Research Laboratories’ trypsin/EDTA solution that is optimized to minimize the killing of the cells by over trypsinization.6.Harvest and transfer released cells into a 50 ml centrifuge tube. Rinse the flask withanother 10 ml of growth medium to collect the residue cells. Examine the flask under microscope to make sure the harvesting is successful by looking at the number of cells left behind. There should be less than 5%.7.Centrifuge the harvested cell suspension at 1000 rpm for 5 min and resuspend cells ingrowth medium.8.Count cells and plate them in a new, poly-L-lysine coated flask with cell density asrecommended.Caution: Handling human derived products is potentially bioharzadous. Although each cell strain testes negative for HIV, HBV and HCV DNA, diagnostic tests are not necessarily 100% accurate, therefore, proper precautions mush be taken to avoid inadvertent exposure. Always wear gloves and safety glasses when working these materials. Never mouth pipette. We recommend following the universal procedures for handling products of human origin as the minimum precaution against contamination [1].[1]. Grizzle, W. E., and Polt, S. S. (1988) Guidelines to avoid personal contamination by infective agents in research laboratories that use human tissues. J Tissue Culture Methods. 11(4).。