第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策

综合类——A级New US Plan for Disease Prevention【美国疾病预防新政策】Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases - the leading causes of death in the United States - and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.“In the United States todya, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases.” the Health and Human Serviece Department said in a statement.The causes re often behavioral -smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future.” Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking te steps necessary for us to lead healthier , longer lives.” he said.The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.Daily exercise such as walking canprevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.练习：1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?A) They account for 70% of all deaths.B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs.C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D) They are largely preventable.2. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPTA) better diet.B) increased exercise.C) reduction on smoking.D) higher survival rate for cancer.3. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will meanA) greater responsibility of the government.B) much less money needed for disease treatment.C) higher costs of health care.D) more 1ifestyle choices for people.4. The $15 million program is aimed atA) promoting disease prevention.B) building more sidewalks.C) helping needy communities.D) wiping out chronic diseases.5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyA) the death rates for all chronic diseases.B) the kinds of cancer attacking people.C) the cancer incidence rate.D) cancer death rate.译文：周二，健康及人道服务部秘书托米汤姆森发起了一项耗资1500万美元的计划，大力推进社区在预防诸如心脏病、癌症及糖尿病等慢性病上发挥更大能量，以鼓励美国人对自己的健康负责。

1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction."Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted.Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc.They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur.Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there.Artists cannot remain idle, though.When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month.Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor.The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable.The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune.However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be.The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe.One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing.You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game.An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself.The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name.He should have hired a better attorney, though.The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde.He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor.When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense.His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom!They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans.Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing thatthey did not sell out.They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning.I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck.But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted.The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail.The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good.So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do.Try to do work that you can be proud of.Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art.1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull.At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town on the old mill road.Water from the mill's wheel sprayed in the sunshine making a rainbow over the canal and I often stopped there on my way to bathe and cool off for a spell—natural air conditioning.The sun was so hot, I did not need a towel as I was dry by the time I climbed the clay banks and crossed the road ditch to the truck.Just before town, the road shot along the sea where I would collect seashells or gather seaweed beneath the giant crane unloading the ships. This trip was different, though.My father had told me I'd have to ask for credit at the store.It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life.I'd seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while a storeowner enquired into whether they were "good for it".Many store clerks watched black youths with the assumption that they were thieves every time they even went into a grocery.My family was honest.We paid our debts.But just before harvest, all the money flowed out.There were no new deposits at the bank.Cash was short.At Davis Brothers' General Store, Buck Davis stood behind the register, talking to a middle-aged farmer.Buck was a tall, weathered man in a red hunting shirt and I nodded as I passed him on my way to the hardware section to get a container of nails, a coil of binding wire and fencing.I pulled my purchases up to the counter and placed the nails in the tray of the scale, saying carefully, "I need to put this on credit."My brow was moist with nervous sweat and I wiped it away with the back of my arm.The farmer gave me an amused, cynical look, but Buck's face didn't change."Sure," he said easily, reaching for his booklet where he kept records for credit.I gave a sigh of relief."Your daddy is always good for it."He turned to the farmer."This here is one of James Williams' sons.They broke the mold when they made that man."The farmer nodded in a neighborly way.I was filled with pride."James Williams' son."Those three words had opened a door to an adult's respect and trust.As I heaved the heavy freight into the bed of the truck, I did so with ease, feeling like a stronger man than the one that left the farm that morning.I had discovered that a good name could furnish a capital of good will of great value.Everyone knew what to expect from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong.My great grandfather may have been sold as a slave at auction, but this was not an excuse to do wrong to others.Instead my father believed the only way to honor him was through hard work and respect for all men.We children—eight brothers and two sisters—could enjoy our good name, unearned, unless and until we did something to lose it.We had an interest in how one another behaved and our own actions as well, lest we destroy the name my father had created.Our good name was and still is the glue that holds our family tight together.The desire to honor my father's good name spurred me to become the first in our family to go to university.I worked my way through college as a porter at a four-star hotel. Eventually, that good name provided the initiative to start my own successful public relations firm in Washington, D.C.America needs to restore a sense of shame in its neighborhoods.Doing drugs, spending all your money at the liquor store, stealing, or getting a young woman pregnant with no intent to marry her should induce a deep sense of embarrassment.But it doesn't.Nearly one out of three births in America is to a single mother. Many of these children will grow up without the security and guidance they need to become honorable members of society.Once the social ties and mutual obligations of the family melt away, communities fall apart.While the population has increased only 40 percent since 1960, violent crime in America has increased a staggering 550 percent—and we've become exceedingly used to it. Teen drug use has also risen.In one North Carolina County, police arrested 73 students from 12 secondary schools for dealing drugs, some of them right in the classroom.Meanwhile, the small signs of civility and respect that hold up civilization are vanishing from schools, stores and streets.Phrases like "yes, ma'am", "no, sir", "thank you" and "please" get a yawn from kids today who are encouraged instead by cursing on television and in music.They simply shrug off the rewards of a good name.The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and sisters and me is worth as much now as ever.Even today, when I stop into Buck Davis' shop or my hometown <49>barbershop</49> for a haircut, I am still greeted as James Williams' son.My family's good name did <50>pave</50> the way for me.2A He was born in a poor area of South London.He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks.His mother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude".Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class.English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that.Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it?But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp.He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality.He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world.But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars.His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master.He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along."It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.But that shock roused his imagination.Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist.He turned them into other kinds of objects.Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones).This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster.Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations.The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him.In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which hadseemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man? "—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside.As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977.A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money.The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many. 2B Modest and soft-spoken, Agatha Muthoni Mbogo, 24, is hardly the image of a revolutionary.Yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.Ms. Mbogo's victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men.For the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in Kenya and across Africa.Ms. Mbogo launched her dream of a career in politics in 1992 by running for the Embu Council, facing the obstacles that often trouble African women running for political office.She had little money.She had no political experience.She faced ridiculous questions about her personal life."My opponent kept insisting that I was going to get married to somebody in another town and move away," Ms. Mbogo said.Ms. Mbogo also faced misunderstanding among the town's women, many of whom initially were unwilling to vote for her.She became an ambassador for women's political rights, giving speeches before women's groups and going from door to door, handbag in hand, spending hours at a time giving a combination of speech and government lesson."I was delighted when she won the election, because men elected her," said Lydiah Kimani, an Embu farmer and political activist."It was the answer to my prayers because it seemed to be a victory over this idea that 'women can't lead'."Education of African women has become a top priority for political activists.One organization has held dozens of workshops in rural Kenya to help women understand the nation's constitution and the procedures and theory behind a democratic political system.One veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation.They are taught to vote for the one who "gives you a half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of salt, or a loaf of bread" during the campaign, said the activist.Women politicians and activists say they are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions.Those traditions teach that African women cook, clean, take care of children, sow and harvest crops and support their husbands.They typically do not inherit land, divorce their husband, control their finances or hold political office.Yet, political activity among Kenyan women is not a new phenomenon.During the struggle for independence in the 1950s, Kenyan women often secretly provided troops with weapons and spied on the positions of colonial forces.But after independence, leaders jealous to protect their power shut them out of politics, a situation repeated across the continent.Today, men still have the upper hand.Women in Kenya make up 60 percent of the people who vote, but only 3 percent of the National Assembly.No Kenyan woman has ever held a cabinet post.Against that background, Agatha Mbogo began her political career.After winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it "a woman's committee".She instead joined the town planning committee, a much more visible assignment.Then last year, she decided to challenge Embu's mayor, a veteran politician.Ms. Mbogo said she had become frustrated because the donor groups that provide substantial aid to Kenya's rural areas "did not want to come here"."We weren't seeing things done for the community," she said."It was a scandal—the donors' money seemed to be going to individuals."After a fierce campaign, the council elected her, 7 to 6.She said women in Embu celebrated.Men were puzzled; some were hostile.They asked, "How could all of those men vote for a woman? " she recalled.Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse that other female politicians have been subjected to, however.Some have said their supporters are sometimes attacked with clubs after rallies.Last June, Kenyan police attempted to break up a women's political meeting northwest of Nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a riot.When the 100 women, including a member of the National Assembly, refused to go, officers tore down their banners and beat them with clubs and fists, witnesses reported.In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally receives warm greetings from the men of Embu, and many say they are now glad the council chose her.Donor groups are now funding projects in Embu in earnest.A new market is going up downtown.A 200-bed section for new mothers is being added to the hospital.A dormitory-style home has been built for the dozens of homeless street children who once wandered the city.Ms. Mbogo is especially proud of the market and the hospital because "they have an impact on women".At the current market, where hundreds of people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she liked the new mayor."I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to her office," she said."The other mayor shouted. He acted like an emperor. He did not want to hear my problems."Nearby, a man said he found Ms. Mbogo a refreshing change."I'm tired of men," he said, watching over his pile of onions."They give us so many promises, but they don't deliver the goods. As long as she keeps giving us what we want, she is all right."3A A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it.Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars.They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars.I have opted to live a life of complete honesty.So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons.I even tell welfare how much I make!Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table.But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation.They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government's computer.Very high-profile.As a welfare client I'm expected to bow before the caseworker.Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I'm not being bitter.Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals.But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call "Suzanne", a detective in shorts.Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall."Where'd you get the money for those? " she wanted to know."Friends and family.""Well, you'd better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts."This was my cue to beg.Instead, I talked back."I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that? ""Well, I'm sorry, but I don't make the rules, Mr. Callahan."Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won't spend money maintaining it properly."You know, Mr. Callahan, I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average."Of course I do.I'm an active worker, not a vegetable.I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair.I wonder what she'd think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work.Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me.But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs.Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture.Finally, she'd say, "Well, if I can find time today, I'll call the medical worker."She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem.Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid.Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital.They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move.Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair.When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started "visiting" every fortnight instead of every two months.She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny.There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare.I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market.It's impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair.There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients.Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies.I was, indeed: The hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it.The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little.Would I sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time?Hell, yes, I would!Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating.They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job.3B It was late afternoon when the chairman of our Bangkok-based company gave me an assignment: I would leave the next day to accompany an important Chinese businessman to tourist sites in northern Thailand.Silently angry, I stared at my desk.The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had been working seven days a week.How will I ever catch up? I wondered.After a one-hour flight the next morning, we spent the day visiting attractions along with hundreds of other tourists, most of them loaded with cameras and small gifts.I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.That evening my Chinese companion and I climbed into a chartered van to go to dinner and a show, one which I had attended many times before.While he chatted with other tourists, I exchanged polite conversation in the dark with a man seated in front of me, a Belgian who spoke fluent English.I wondered why he held his head motionless at an odd angle, as though he were in prayer.Then the truth struck me.He was blind.Behind me someone switched on a light, and I could see his thick silvery hair and strong, square jaw.His eyes seemed to contain a white mist."Could I please sit beside you at the dinner?" he asked."And I'd love it if you'd describe a little of what you see.""I'd be happy to," I replied.。

1、New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities 社区to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes．糖尿病The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases — the leading causes of death in the United States — and outlines ways that people Can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise．“I n the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases, "the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement．The causes are often behavioral — smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise．“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative．“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices．"Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003．“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said．The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more．Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes．The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are beingencouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening．The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks．If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent．练习：1．Which of the following is NOT true of chronic慢性的diseases in the US?A) They account for 70% of all deaths．B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs．C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles．D) They are largely preventable．2．The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPTA) better diet．B) increased exercise．C) reduction on smoking．D) higher survival rate for cancer．3．The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will meanA) greater responsibility of the government．B) much less money needed for disease treatment．C) higher costs of health care．D) more 1ifestyle choices for people．4．The $15 million program is aimed atA) promoting disease prevention．B) building more sidewalks．C) helping needy communities．D) wiping out chronic diseases．5．Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyA) the death rates for all chronic diseases．B) the kinds of cancer attacking people．C) the cancer incidence rate．D) cancer death rate．A:0.94B:0.97C:1.03D:1.07答案:CDBAD解析:1．C 从文章的第三、六段分别可以看出，在美国，70%的死亡时由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在慢性病的治疗上，而不健康的生活方式会引发慢性病，而不是慢性病引发不健康的生活方式。

Notice of the State Council on Issuing the Action Plan for Prevention and Controlof Water PollutionApril 16th, 2015GF[2015]No.17People’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under t he Central Government, and ministries, commissions and departments directly under the State Council:Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution is now printed and distributed to you for serious implementation.The State CouncilApril 2nd, 2015(For Public Release)Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water PollutionWater environment protection concerns vital interests of the masses, construction of a well-off society and realizing the China Dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Currently, some areas in our country suffer poor water environment quality, heavily damaged water ecology, a large number of environmental risks and other prominent problems, which impact and damage people’s health an d impede sustainable economic and social development. The Action Plan is hereby formulated to practically strengthen prevention and control of water pollution and guarantee national water safety.General requirements: to fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Second, Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, vigorously promote ecological civilization construction, and under the principle of “water saving first, spatial balance, systemic treatment and striving from two aspects” and following the policy of “being safe, clean and healthy” with improvement of water environment quality at its core, reinforce source control, give overall co nsideration to land and water, rivers and seas, carry out scientific control by basin, area and stage for rivers, lakes and seas, and systematically promote water pollution control, water ecologic protection and water resources management. To insist on collaboration between the government and market, emphasize on reform and innovation; insist on overall and legal implementation and pursue the strictest environmental protection system; insist on fulfillment of respective responsibilities and conduct strict assessment and accountability; insist on participation by all people, promote that everybody is responsible for water saving and clean water, form a new mechanism for water pollution prevention and control featured by “led by governments, implemented by enterprises, driven by market and part icipated by the public” to achieve multi-win of environmental, economic and social benefits and strive for building a beautiful China with “everlasting blue sky, green mountains and clear water”.Objectives: by 2020, water environment quality nationwide will be periodically improved, with heavily polluted water bodies dramatically reduced, drinking water safety guarantee continuously improved, groundwater overexploitation strictly controlled, groundwater pollution aggravation preliminarily curbed, environmental quality in offshore areas getting better, and water ecological environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other areas somewhat improved. By 2030, it is expected that overall water environment quality will be better and water ecosystem functions will preliminarily recover. By the middle of this century, overall ecological environment quality will be improved and virtuous cycling of ecosystem will be achieved.Key indices: by 2020, the overall proportion of water quality of seven basins, including Yangtze River basin, Yellow River basin, Pearl River basin, Songhua River basin, Huaihe River basin, Haihe River basin and Liao River basin being above average (reaching or exceeding Class Ⅲ) will be 70% or above, quantity of black and odorous water bodies in built-up areas in cities at prefecture level and above will be controlled within 10%, the overall proportion of centralized drinking water source quality in cities at prefecture level and above reaching or exceeding Class Ⅲ will be larger than 93%, the proportion of extremely poor groundwater quality nationwide will be controlled around 15%, and the proportion of above average (Class I and II) water quality in offshore areas will reach about 70%. The proportion of unusable (below Class V) water sections in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region will be about 15% lower, and efforts should be made to eliminate unusable water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.By 2030, the overall proportion of water quality in seven key basins nationwide reaching above average will reach 75% or above, with black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas generally eliminated and the proportion of urban centralized drinking water source quality reaching or exceeding Class III being about 95% generally.I. Overall Control of Pollutant Discharge(1) Paying special attention to prevention and control of industrial pollution. To close down “ten categories of small” enterprises. To fully screen small industrial enterprises with low equipped level and poor environmental protection facilities. Before the end of 2016, production projects which heavily pollute water environment, such as small paper mills, tanneries, printing and dyeing mills, dyestuff plants, coking plants, sulfur plants, arsenic plants, refineries, plating factories, pesticide factories, etc., should be banned in accordance with requirements in laws and regulations for water pollution prevention and control. (It is required that these be led by Ministry of Environmental Protection, participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, NationalEnergy Administration, etc., and implemented by local people’s governments at different levels. Local people’s governments at different levels should be responsible for implementation hereinafter, which will not be repeated)Specially rectifying ten major industries. To formulate special rectification plans for paper-making, coking, nitrogenous fertilizer, nonferrous metals, printing and dyeing, farm and sideline food processing, APIs manufacturing, tanning, pesticide, electroplating industries, and carry out cleaning rectification. To adopt equivalent or reducing replacement of key pollutant discharge in newly built, rebuilt and expanded construction projects in the above-mentioned industries. Before the end of 2017, papermaking industry should strive to achieve elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching of paper pulp or adopt other low-pollution pulping technologies; iron and steel enterprises should achieve technical reform of coke dry quenching for coking; nitrogenous fertilizer industry should achieve technical reform of process condensate hydrolysis for urea production; printing and dyeing industry should achieve low-drain dyeing and finishing process; pharmaceutical (antibiotics and vitamins) industry should achieve technical reform of green enzymatic production; while tanning industry should achieve technical reform of chromium reduction and closed recycling. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection and participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, etc.)Treating water pollution in industrial agglomeration areas on a centralized basis. To strengthen pollution control in industrial agglomeration areas, including economic and technological development zones, high-tech industrial development zones and export processing zones. Industrial waste water from these areas must be pretreated to meet centralized processing requirements and then be allowed into sewage centralized processing facilities. Newly built and upgraded industrial agglomeration areas should be equipped with planning and construction of pollution control facilities such as centralized sewage and garbage treatment. Before the end of 2017, industrial agglomeration areas should be equipped with centralized sewage treatment facilities and fitted with automatic online monitoring devices, with one-year early completion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, etc.; if not, it is required to suspend examination and approval of construction projects resulting in increase of water pollutant discharge in these areas and revoke the access to these industrial parks pursuant to relevant provisions. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection and participated by Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Commerce, etc.)(2) Strengthening control of urban domestic pollution. To accelerate construction and alteration of urban sewage treatment facilities. Existing urban sewage treatment facilities should be altered according to local conditions and reach corresponding discharge standard or recycling requirement before the end of 2020. Urban sewage treatment facilities in sensitive areas (key lakes and reservoirs and catchment in offshore areas) should generally reach Class I A discharge standard before the end of 2017. In cities where water quality in built-up areas fails to reach Class Ⅳ standard for surface water, sewage treatment facilities in newly built towns should be subject to Class I A discharge standard. According to national new urbanization planning requirements, by 2020, all counties and key towns nationwide should be capable of sewage collection and treatment, with sewage treatment rate in counties and cities reaching about 85% and 95% respectively. Areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta should complete this one year earlier. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Fully reinforcing supporting pipe network construction. To strengthen sewage cut-off and collection in urban villages, old urban areas and semi-urban areas. Rainfall and sewage shunting should be accelerated for existing combined sewer systems, with measures such as cut-off, regulation and storage, and treatment taken in case of any difficulty in shunting. Supporting pipe network for newly built sewage treatment facilities should be designed, constructed and operated in a synchronized manner. Other than drought areas, rainfall and sewage shunting should be implemented during construction of new urban districts, with preliminary collection, treatment and resourceful utilization of rainfall promoted in conditional areas. By 2017, full collection and treatment of sewage should be basically achieved in built-up areas in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals and municipalities with independent planning status, which should also be basically achieved in built-up areas in cities at prefecture level before the end of 2020. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Promoting sludge treatment and disposal. Stable, harmless and resourceful treatment should be carried out for sludge produced by sewage treatment facilities, and sludge not in compliance with relevant standard is not allowed into cultivated land. Illegal sludge sites should be banned. Existing sludge treatment facilities should be basically refitted to relevant standard before the end of 2017, with harmless treatment rate of sludge reaching 90% above by end of 2020 in cities at prefecture level and above. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)(3) Boosting prevention and control of agricultural and rural pollution. To prevent and control livestock and poultry farming pollution. Livestock and poultry farming areas should be scientifically divided; before the end of 2017, livestock and poultry farms (areas) and households specialized in breeding should be closed down or relocated by law in banned areas, with one-year early completion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, etc. Existing large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas) should be equipped with fecal sewage storing, treating and utilizing facilities according to pollution prevention and control needs. Dense free-range areas should adopt collection, by households, and centralized treatment and utilization of livestock excrements and sewage. Since 2016, rainfall and sewage shunting and resourceful utilization of fecal sewage should be implemented in newly built, rebuilt and expanded large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas). (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by Ministry of Environmental Protection)Controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. To formulate and implement overall prevention and control plans for national agricultural non-point source pollution. To pilot popularize experience in subsidies for use of pesticides with low toxicity and residual, and carry out green and unified prevention and control of crop disease and insect pests. To put into practice soil testing and fertilizer recommendation and popularize precise fertilizer technique, machines and tools. To perfect standard specifications such as construction of high-standard farmland and land development and consolidation, and clarify environmental protection requirements; newly constructed high-standard farmland should reach relevant environmental protection requirements. Sensitive areas and large andmedium-sized irrigated areas should be equipped with aquatic plant communities, grilles and permeable dikes as well as facilities such as ecological ditches, sewage purification ponds, surface runoff collecting and storing pools by using existing ditches, ponds and pits, so as to purify farmland drainage and surface runoff. By 2020, coverage of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology should reach more than 90%, with fertilizer utilization rate increasing to above 40% and coverage of united prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests reaching above 40%; Areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta should complete this one year earlier. (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Water Resources, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, etc.)Adjusting planting structure and layout. To try out land returning and water reduction in water-deficient areas. In areas where groundwater is vulnerable to pollution, priority should be given to crops requiring less fertilizer or pesticide and with prominent environmental benefits. In Gansu, Sinkiang (including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps), Hebei, Shandong and Henan with serious surface water overexploitation and groundwater overexploitation as well as large agricultural water consumption, it is required to properly reduce area for crops requiring large water consumption and replant drought-tolerant crops and economic forests; before the end of 2018, comprehensive treatment should be implemented for irrigated areas covering an area of 33 million mu, with water reduction by more than 3.7 billion m3. (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Water Resources, and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Land and Resources, etc.)Accelerating comprehensive improvement of rural environment. To implement united planning, construction and management for rural sewage treatment in the unit of county-level administrative regions; and to promote extension of urban sewage treatment facilities and services to rural areas if conditions permit. To deepen the policy of “encouraging sewage treatment by incentives”, carry out rural cleaning engineering and channel desilting and dredging, and advance contiguous treatment of rural environment. By 2020, there will be 130,000 more administrative villages completing comprehensive environmental improvement. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)(4) Strengthening control over ship and port pollution. To actively deal with ship pollution. To enforce abandonment of ships operating beyond their service life according to the law. Revise environmental protection standards pertinent to ships and facilities and equipment thereon by classes and grades. Coastal ships put into use since 2018 and inland ships put into use since 2021 should be subject to new standards; other ships should be refitted before the end of 2020 or abandoned within a specific deadline if they still fail to reach relevant standards after refitted. International ships traveling in waters in our country should undergo ballast water exchange or be fitted with ballast water inactivation system. To standardize ship recycling behaviors and forbid ship disassembling on beach. (Led by Ministry of Transport and participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, etc.)Enhancing ability to prevent and control port and terminal pollution. To formulate and implement pollution prevent and control plans for ports, terminals and loading and unloading stations nationwide. To accelerate construction of garbage receiving, transferring and disposing facilities, improve the ability to receive and dispose oily sewage, washing water for chemicals tanks and so on as well as emergency capability of pollution accidents. Coastal and inland ports, terminals, loading and unloading stations and ship repair yards should reach construction requirements before the end of 2017 and 2020 respectively. Operators of ports, terminals, loading and unloading stations should formulate emergency plans for prevention and control of water pollution by ships and relevant activities. (Led by Ministry of Transport, participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)II. Promotion of transformation and updating of economic structure(5) Adjusting industrial structure. To eliminate outdated industrial capacity according to the law. From 2015 on, local authorities should formulate and implement outdated capacity elimination plans in the light of guidance category for elimination of outdated production process equipment & products and industrial restructuring guidance category for some industries as well as pollutant discharge standards for relevant industries, in combination of water quality improvement requirements and industrial development, and submit them to Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Environmental Protection for future reference. In areas where such elimination is not completed, examination and approval of new projects in relevant industries should be suspended. (Led by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Making stricter environmental permission standard. To clarify regional environmental permission conditions, detail function zoning and implement differentiated environmental permission policies according to basin water quality target and main functional area planning requirements. To establish a monitoring and evaluation system for bearing capacity of water resources and environment, implement bearing capacity monitoring and early warning or water pollutant reduction plan in areas beyond bearing capacity, and accelerate adjustment of development planning and industrial structure. By 2020, status evaluation for bearing capacity of water resources and environment in cities and counties should be completed. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection and participated by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, State Oceanic Administration, etc.)(6) Optimizing spatial layout. To reasonably determine development layout, structure and scale. Full consideration should be given to bearing capacity of water resources and environment, basing city, land, population and production on water resources. Major projects should be in principle arranged in optimizing and key development zones, which should conform to urban and rural planning as well as overall planning for land utilization. To encourage development of water-saving, efficient modern agriculture, low-water consumption high and new technology industry and eco-friendly tourism, exercise strict control over development of industries with large water consumption and heavy pollution in water-deficient areas, heavily water-polluted areas and sensitive areas, and implement reducing replacement of main pollutant discharge for newly built, rebuilt and expanded construction projects in key industries. Along the bank of main streams in seven major basins, strict control should be exercised over environmental risks of projects with respect to oil refinery, manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical fiber production, nonferrousmetal smelting, textile printing and dyeing, etc.; production equipment and facilities for storage of dangerous chemicals should be reasonably arranged. (Led by National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, etc.)Promoting exit of polluting enterprises. Existing heavily polluting enterprises in iron and steel, nonferrous metals, papermaking, printing and dyeing, APIs manufacturing, chemical industry, etc. within urban built-up areas should be orderly relocated and transformed or closed down by law. (Led by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Actively protecting ecological space. To exercise strict management of blue lines in urban planning and retain a certain proportion of water area within urban planning areas. New projects should not break the rule to occupy water area. Strict control should be exercised over usage of coastlines; sufficient space for management and protection of rivers, lakes and coasts should remain pursuant to relevant laws, regulations and technical standards in case of land exploitation and utilization, with illegal occupation eliminated within a specific deadline. (Led by Ministry of Land and Resources and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and participated by Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Water Resources, State Oceanic Administration, etc.)(7) Advancing cyclic development. To strengthen recycling use of industrial water. To advance comprehensive utilization of mine water, with priority given in use of mine water as supplementary water in coal mining areas and water for production and ecological use in surrounding areas, and reinforce recycling use of coal washing sewage. To encourage enterprises engaged in iron and steel, textile printing and dyeing, papermaking, petroleum and petrochemistry, chemical industry, tanning, etc. with large water consumption to perform advanced waste treatment for recycling. (Led by National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by Ministry of Water Resources, National Energy Administration, etc.)Promoting utilization of reclaimed water. To perfect reclaimed water reusing facilities mainly in cities suffering water shortage and heavy water pollution, and give priority in use of reclaimed water for industrial production, urban greening, road sweeping, vehicle washing, building construction and ecological landscape. To advance sewage treatment and utilization in expressway service areas. For projects with respect to iron and steel, thermal power, chemical industry, pulping and papermaking, printing and dyeing which fail to make full use of reclaimed water if they could, new water permits should not be given. From 2018 on, newly built public buildings with single building area exceeding 20000m2, newly built concentrated security housing covering an area of more than 20000m2, 50000m2 and 100000m2in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei respectively should be equipped with immediate water facilities for buildings. Actively advance installation of immediate water facilities in other newly built housing. By 2020, utilization rate of reclaimed water in water-deficient cities should reach above 20%, with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region reaching above 30%. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, etc.)Promoting seawater utilization. To implement direct use of seawater as industrial water, e.g., circulating cooling water, in power, chemical, petrochemical and other industrials in coastal areas. To accelerate advancing use of desalted seawater as a supplementary source of domestic water in cities where possible. (Led by National Development and Reform Commission and participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, State Oceanic Administration, etc.)III. Focus on water resources saving and conservation(8) Controlling total water consumption. To perform strictest management of water resources. To establish a sound index system for total water consumption control. To strengthen demonstration of water resources layout in relevant planning and project construction, formulation of national economic and social development planning and urban overall planning as well as layout of major construction projects, with full consideration given to conditions of local water resources and flood control requirements. For areas where water consumption has reached or exceeded the control index, new water permits should be suspended. To implement planned water use management for units included in water permit management and other major water consumers. Water consumption for newly built, rebuilt and expanded projects should lead the industry, with water saving facilities designed, constructed and operating in conjunction with main work. To establish a directory of units under key monitoring in water consumption. By 2020, total water consumption nationwide should be controlled below 670 billion m3. (Led by Ministry of Water Resources and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)Strictly controlling groundwater overexploitation. Before exploitation and utilization of groundwater in areas susceptible to geological disasters such as surface subsidence, ground fracture and karst collapse, risk assessment of geological disasters should be done. Strict control should be exercised over exploitation of deep confined water, geothermal water and mineral water development should be subject to strict water and mining permits. To standardize motor-pumped well construction and management according to the law, screen and register completed motor-pumped wells and close down unapproved self-provided wells and those falling within coverage of public water supply network. To formulate groundwater overexploitation prevention plans for areas suffering surface subsidence, seawater intrusion, etc. To carry out comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation areas in North China and prevent industrial and agricultural production as well as service industry in overexploitation areas from new consumption of groundwater. Agricultural infrastructure projects in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, such as land reclamation, agricultural development and poverty alleviation, should not be conditioned by well digging. Before the end of 2017, it is required to complete demarcation of groundwater exploitation forbidden areas, limited areas and surface subsidence control areas, with one-year early completion in regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. (Led by Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Land and Resources, participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)。

阅读理解New US Plan for Disease Prevention（为预防疾病的新美国计划）1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US? They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.(1)下面关于美国的慢性病哪个选项是错误的他们经常会导致不健康的生活方式2.The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT higher survival rate for cancer.(作者没有提到预防疾病的方法是更高的癌症存活率)3.The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean much less money needed for disease treatment.3）这篇文章表明更多的金钱用于预防疾病将意味着更少的钱用于治病上4.The $15 million program is aimed at A)promoting disease prevention.4）一千五百万的项目的目标是促进预防疾病5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyD)cancer death rate.早期癌症的屏蔽可以帮助减少癌症的死亡率）Eat to Live(为了活着吃饭)1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? We have to begin dieting from childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?The mice that started dieting in old age.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that：dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.①童年时代就开始减肥是不正确的。

2016 年职称英语综合类阅读理解50 篇第一篇Telling Tales about People1、This passage …about_ the … and biographies.2、Helen Keller wrote_ an autobiography. _______.3、Auto… because they__ want to … light ______.4、The writer … passage by__ defining it ______.5、Diverse means_ varied or different第二篇Outside -the-classroom Learning Makesa Big Difference1、An…student leaders Will not … in it.2、American…mostly for Building friendship.3、Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4、What…successful end? Passion.5、The…replaced by Polish.第三篇Shark Attack!1、After …, the shark_ swam away _.2、It…great whites often…escape _3、Which …of paragraph 4? are.4、The word … 4 means_ great whites'_5、What is … paragraph? We now… animals.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving1、On Halloween, children…as Ghosts.2、When are…eaten? On Thanksgiving.3、Thanksgiving is…for Providing them … lives.4、Many children …because_They can …food.5、The first … in 1620.第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta1、What is…about? The adventures…Battuta.2、Which of …line 5? left to go to.3、The Sultan …because Ibn Battuta…Mecca.4、Which of …with? Ibn Battuta…today.5、Why did …home? The Sultan…return.第六篇Native American Pottery1、In the …means having to …business.2、The second …through steps in process.3、The Sail …known for black potteyr..4、Traditional … pottery take a lot of time。

2014 年职称英语综合A考生的福利压缩版本（请谨慎抄）+第三十四篇To Have or Have Not 逃亡1、Why did…hotel? To have a change of scene.2、What attracted…shop? The light …inside.3、The writer…shop_of top quality.4、What was…him? She seemed to know him well5、The writer…because he saw … liked .+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way 选择她自己的路1、Maria wanted to attend_technical high school.2、In those days, …girls_did not go to high school.3、You can …that_only boys…schools.4、Maria' s father probably_had very…women.5、High school…days were_quite strict.+第三十六篇A Tale of Scottish Rual Life 苏格兰乡村生活的故事1、What is…about? The lives…farmers2、Which statement…Chris? She married only once3、What is…with? The history of Kinraddie4、Who are…Chris? The Germans5、The word…means The end of traditional life+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音乐1、This passage…is_ more serious …music2、For people…is both familiar and different3、The musicians …all_write about serious problems4、Eric Wainaina_studied music in Boston.5、Witness Mwaijaga …because she has had a difficult life herself+第三十八篇Why So Many Children 为什么有这么多的孩子1、In a …family can be an advantage2、When countries become industrialized, the birth rate generally goes down3、According to…an ndustrialized country…rate.4、Saudi Arabia…that_factors other …rate.5、In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government_has tried …women.+第三十九篇Eat to Live 为了活着吃饭1、ccording to…true? We have …childhood.2、Why does…paragraph 2? To illustrate…mice.3、What can…passage? They are …inflammation.4、According to…researchers? The mice …age.5、According to …,..that Dieting is …life.+第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention 为预防疾病的新美国计划1、Which of…US? They often …lifestyles.2、The author…EXCEPT higher survival…cancer.3、The article …mean much less …treatment.4、The $15 million …at promoting disease prevention.5、Early cancer…significantly cancer death rate+第四十一篇The Operation of International Airlines 国际航空公司的经营1、According to…to cater to …jets.2、The following…EXCEPT that the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.3、The improvements…EXCEPT showing more movies during the long flights.4、There is …to speeding up customs procedure.5、Which of…airlines? They do…booked.+ 第四十二篇Sauna 桑拿浴1、Ceremonial bathing has various forms.2、What is…experience? Saunas with smoke.3、According to …EXCEPT curing asthma.4、According to…because pores are…sweat.5、Who are … sauna? All of the above.+ 第四十三篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？1、The question …one that was …attack.2、The project … Foundation was to…blasts.3、The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker.was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.4、A surprising …that some floor …explosion.5、What Dr. Reinhorn …that blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.+ 第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人1、The word …by Nearly2、Which of…past? Embrace3、Some parents, …EXCEPT: Diseases could..body4、Which of…passage? In some …cheek.5、We can …hugging. Positive+第四十五篇Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer 女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长1、Debenhams could…be：a department store2、According to.., EXCEPT: can wear…time3、We can …1970s Most women…33.4、Which of …true? relationship. From the …stable5、The word…by：Soar+ 第四十六篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 捍卫进化论仍必要1、According to…true? School boards …evolution.2、Which one …theory? Darwin’s …biology.3、AIBS’s is composed of more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.4、According to…evolution is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.5、Why do…nowadays? because the term creationism is too direct.+ 第四十七篇Narrow Escape 九死一生1、Why was …morning? Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous.2、The first…is that climbers …you3、What is…”Cailloux”? Rocks are falling.4、What is …four? Being hit …“pleasant”at all5、In what …“safe”? The overhanging …rocks.+ 第四十八篇Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 苏格兰启蒙运动1、Scotland is …intellectuals. the ideas…because of2、Which of …studies? To find…whole.3、Smith's idea …for the prosperity of all nations.4、Which of…Enlightenment? It is…sense.5、The Institute…illustrate the tradition…education.+ 第四十九篇The Beginning of American Literature 美洲文学的起源1、What does…to? The hope to start a new life.2、When did…begin? Long before the year 1,000.3、What can …Americans? About the…Americans.4、The main…that early-day experience…literature.5、According to…literature? Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature.+ 第五十篇Older Volcanic Eruptions 远古火山爆发1、Why did…ones? Because they…easily.2、How did …eruptions? By comparing…produced.3、When did…extinct? 65 million years ago.4、What can …dinosaurs? The cause …issue.5、What is …article? Older volcanic…destructive.完形填空+第十一篇School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly（正常地）in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide（提供）meals at lunchtime. Children can choose（选择）to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen(食堂，小卖部).One shocking finding（发现）of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards（标准）for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion（比例）of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy(乳制品的) item and starchy((食物)含有大量淀粉的) food like bread or pasta(意大利面食). Lunchboxes examined（检查）by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps(炸马铃薯片) and chocolate bars. Children consume（摄取）twice as much sugar(糖) as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding （解释）of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased（增长）in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise（批评）parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional（营养的）value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect（影响）their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits（习惯）at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent（阻止）it.+第十二篇 A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all(根本) that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too muchtime playing on the Internet, hardly ever（几乎不）doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious（对…好奇）to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful（伤害）to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at （盯着看成）their computers?Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed（沉迷）in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make（利用）of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word（诺言）that it won’t interfere(妨碍) with homework. If the child is not holding（坚持）to this arrangement(安排), the parent can take more drastic(严厉的，极端的) steps（采取措施）dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating（协商）_ any other sort of bargain about(就(某物)讨价还价) behaviour.Any parent who is seriously（严重）alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment(约定) to discuss（讨论）the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily（必定）affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely （完全地）crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just going（度过）through a phase(阶段，时期), and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons(原因)but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious(传染性的，会蔓延的) diseases(疾病). The Old City of London gates were all demolished(拆毁) by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke(打击) of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in actual(实际的) fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary（分界线）between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage(存储)because its design was unfashionable(老套) it was expensive to maintain(维修) and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set out(建立) in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the Trust is the preservation(保存) of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down(推倒) , stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral(总教堂, 大教堂). Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced(替换) , though there is a good chance(机会)_ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job(工作) of all, however, will be to recreate the statues(雕像) of the monarchs(君主) that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇Family History家族史In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted （吸引）to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by investigating(调查，研究) their own family history. They can try to find （找出）out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly（相当）short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one（一方面）thing to spend some time going（探究）through a book on family history and to take the decision（决心）to investigate your own family's past. It is quite（的确）another to carry out(完成) the research work successfully. It is easy to set about(开始做(某事)) it in a disorganized(扰乱,瓦解) way and cause（引起）yourself many problems which could have been avoided（避免）with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected（有关系）with a famous character, whether hero or criminal(罪犯), do not let this idea take over(接管) your research. Just treat（当作）it as an interesting possibility(可能的事). A simple system for（用）collecting and storing your information will be adequate(充足的，适当的) to start with; a more complex(错综复杂的) one may only get in your way（道路）. The most important thing, though, is to get（被）started. Who knows what you might（可能）find ?+第十五篇Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh(长叹一声), Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair(扶手椅). Would（将要）her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up (放弃)_ waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened(变淡)_ until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. curiosity(好奇心) to see what had become(发生…事) of herbrother.Almost without warning(预兆) , Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't bothered(烦扰) to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence(对…有信心) in her own judgment growing. Ignoring(不顾) the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through(过程中) her course and now, to the astonishment(惊讶;令人惊讶的事物) of the whole family, she was gaining(获得) a fast-growing reputation(名声，名誉;声望) in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on(靠)from her paintings.Of course, she took(对) no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune(不幸;灾祸，灾难), but she couldn't help(忍不住)looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet(暗暗地) satisfaction(满意，满足) at what she had achieved.。

专项阅读一How to Prevent Coronavirus如何防止感染新型冠状病毒You may be worried about contracting (感染) the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) . Now there is no vaccine (疫苗) for the new virus. Here are some ways to protect yourselfagainst it.1. Wash your hands with soap and water.Always wash your hands before you eat or drink anything. It's also bestto wash your hands anytime you're out in public or after you're around someoneyou think may be sick.2. Keep your hands away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.You can easily contract the coronavirus if you touch your face with dirty hands. Always avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with your hands.3. Put on a mask if you go to a crowded place and stay away from people who are coughing or sneezing (打喷嚏).Don't go to a crowded place. If you must, put on a mask. Coughing and sneezing are common symptoms (症状) of coronavirus infection and both can release the virus into the air. Remember to be away from people who are coughing or sneezing.1. What can we do to prevent coronavirus?A. B. C.2. What's the meaning of the underlinedword "release" in Chinese?A.减少B.防止C.散播BFacts about the novel coronavirus新型冠状病毒的几大真相Here are some facts you need to know about the the new coronavirus.1. Smoking can't kill the new coronavirusSmoking may reduce the body's resistance (抵抗力) and make it easier for people tobe infected (感染).2. Vitamin C can't prevent infectionVC is usually used as an auxiliary (辅助的) treatment. It can't prevent or kill coronaviruses. Taking too much VC is bad for your health.3. Antibiotics can't treat the new coronavirusAntibiotics do not kill viruses, only bacteria (细菌). The new coronavirus is a virus, so antibioticsshould not be used to prevent or treat it.4. Taking a hot bath can't kill the virusAlthough the new coronavirus is vulnerable (脆弱的) to heat, it can only be weakened after exposure (暴露) to a 56℃ temperature for over 30 minutes.5. Sun exposure can't kill the virusThe temperature of sunlight can't reach 56℃, so the sunlight can't kill the virus. If you want to get some sun, please wear a mask.1. What should you do to prevent the new coronavirus?A.Wear a mask.B.Take a lot of VC. C.Smoke.2. Why can't antibiotics treat the new coronavirus?A.Antibiotics can only kill bacteria.B.Antibiotics are too expensive.C.Antibiotics can kill viruses.阅读专项一答案A篇：1.正确答案C解析：细节理解题。

职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(A级)试题(3)第二篇New U．S．Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human ServicesSecretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$1 5 million program to try to encouragecommunities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes (糖尿病)。

The initiative highlights the COSTS of chronic diseases-the leading causes of death in theUnited States--and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including better diet andincreased exercise．"In the United States today,7 of 1 0 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disabilityand health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，"the Health and Human Servicesdepartment said in a statement．The causes are often behavioral--smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise．"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choicefor our future．"Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative．''Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treatingdiseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices．"Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than$35 1 billion in2003．"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as anation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，"he said．The$1 5 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing forchanges as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more．Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，andprevent cancer and strokes．The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are beingencouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they card do toprevent it and encourage more cancer screening．The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers Can be caught by screening，including Pap tests(巴氏试验)for cervical(子宫颈的)cancer mammograms(乳房X线照片)for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查)，and prostate(前列腺的)checks．If such cancers were all caught by early screening，the group estimates that the survival ratefor cancer would rise to 95 percent．36 Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?A They account for 70％of all deaths．B They are responsible for most of the health care costs．C They often result in unhealthy lifestyles．D They are largely preventable．37 The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPTA better diet．B increased exercise．C less smoking．D more frequent hand washing．38 The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will meanA greater responsibility of the government．B less need for input、into treatment．C higher costs of health care．D more lifestyle choices for people．39 The purpose of the,S15 million program is toA promote disease prevention．B build more highways．C help poor communities．D wipe out chronic diseases．40 Early cancer screening Can help reduce significantlyA the death rates for a11 chronic diseases．B the kinds of cancer attacking people．C the incidence rate for cancer．D the death rate for cancer．"第三篇The Body ThievesIn the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in theworld of medicine．Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the humanbody．Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable．However, Surgeons hadone problem．They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖)．This was the only way thatthey could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body。

要做好防疫准备英语作文Title: Effective Measures for Pandemic Preparedness。

In the face of global health challenges, it is imperative to prioritize and implement effective measuresfor pandemic preparedness. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of proactive strategies to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases and safeguard public health. In this essay, we will explore key actionsto bolster our readiness for future pandemics.First and foremost, comprehensive public health infrastructure is essential for effective pandemic preparedness. This includes robust surveillance systems to detect outbreaks early, rapid diagnostic capabilities for timely identification of pathogens, and sufficient healthcare capacity to manage surges in cases. Additionally, investment in research and development is crucial for the advancement of vaccines, therapeutics, and innovative technologies to combat emerging infectious diseases.Furthermore, promoting public awareness and education plays a vital role in enhancing pandemic readiness. Public health campaigns should disseminate accurate information about disease transmission, prevention measures, and vaccination benefits. By fostering a culture of health literacy, individuals can make informed decisions toprotect themselves and their communities during outbreaks.Moreover, international cooperation and collaboration are indispensable for addressing global health threats. Countries must work together to share data, resources, and expertise in pandemic response efforts. Multilateral organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) play a central role in coordinating international responses and facilitating solidarity among nations.In addition to governmental actions, community engagement is essential for effective pandemic preparedness. Local health authorities should work closely with community leaders, healthcare providers, and grassroots organizations to develop tailored strategies that address the uniqueneeds and challenges of diverse populations. Community-based interventions such as door-to-door outreach, mobile testing units, and culturally sensitive communication campaigns can help reach vulnerable groups and promote adherence to public health guidelines.Furthermore, pandemic preparedness should encompass proactive measures to strengthen healthcare resilience and mitigate the impact of disruptions. This includes stockpiling essential medical supplies, enhancing healthcare workforce capacity, and implementing contingency plans for maintaining essential services during crises. Telemedicine and digital health technologies also offer opportunities to expand access to healthcare and minimize physical contact during outbreaks.Lastly, effective communication and transparent governance are essential for maintaining public trust and confidence in pandemic response efforts. Governments must prioritize open dialogue, accountability, and evidence-based decision-making to foster cooperation and adherence to public health measures. Timely communication of risks,updates, and guidelines through diverse channels can help counter misinformation and rumors, empowering individuals to take appropriate actions to protect themselves and others.In conclusion, pandemic preparedness requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach that encompasses public health infrastructure, education, international cooperation, community engagement, healthcare resilience, and transparent governance. By prioritizing these measures and remaining vigilant against emerging threats, we can enhance our readiness to mitigate the impact of future pandemics and safeguard global health security.。

2024年儿童呼吸系统疾病防治新策略英文版New Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Children's Respiratory System Diseases in 2024Innovative Approaches to Combat Childhood Respiratory IllnessesIntroductionChildren's respiratory system diseases continue to be a significant health concern worldwide, affecting millions of children each year. In 2024, it is crucial to implement new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these conditions to improve the health outcomes of children globally. This document outlines innovative approaches and recommendations for addressing respiratory illnesses in children.Preventive Measures1. Promotion of Vaccination: Encouraging widespread vaccination against common respiratory infections, such as influenza and pneumonia, can significantly reduce the burden of these diseases on children's health.2. Indoor Air Quality Improvement: Implementing measures to improve indoor air quality, such as proper ventilation and air filtration systems, can help reduce exposure to respiratory irritants and allergens.3. Promotion of Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding has been shown to provide numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of respiratory infections in infants. Promoting and supporting breastfeeding can help prevent respiratory illnesses in children.Treatment Strategies1. Early Diagnosis and Treatment: Timely diagnosis of respiratory illnesses in children is essential for effective treatment. Healthcare providers should be trained to recognize symptoms early and initiate appropriate treatment promptly.2. Use of Telemedicine: Telemedicine can be a valuable tool for providing remote consultations and monitoring the health of children with respiratory illnesses. This approach can improve access to care, especially in rural or underserved areas.3. Holistic Care Approach: Implementing a holistic care approach that considers the physical, emotional, and social well-being of children with respiratory illnesses can improve treatment outcomes and overall quality of life.ConclusionIn conclusion, the prevention and treatment of children's respiratory system diseases require a multi-faceted approach that addresses both individual and community-level factors. By implementing innovative strategies such as promoting vaccination, improving indoor air quality, and utilizing telemedicine, we can make significant strides in reducing the burden of respiratory illnesses on children's health in 2024.。

2023年秋冬防控传染病疫情的医疗卫生措施英文版Title: Medical and Health Measures for Preventing and Controlling Infectious Disease Epidemics in Autumn and Winter 2023In response to the ongoing challenges posed by infectious disease epidemics, it is imperative to implement effective medical and health measures for the upcoming autumn and winter seasons of 2023. These measures should include comprehensive strategies aimed at preventing the spread of diseases, protecting public health, and ensuring the well-being of individuals.1. Vaccination Campaigns: Encouraging widespread vaccination among the population is a key strategy in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Public health authorities should prioritize the distribution of vaccines and promote awareness of the importance of vaccination.2. Enhanced Surveillance and Monitoring: Implementing robust surveillance systems to track the prevalence of infectious diseases is crucial for early detection and containment. Health authorities should closely monitor disease trends and promptly respond to any outbreaks.3. Strengthened Healthcare Infrastructure: Ensuring that healthcare facilities are adequately equipped to handle an influx of patients during the autumn and winter seasons is essential. Hospitals and medical centers should be prepared to provide timely and effective care to individuals affected by infectious diseases.4. Public Health Education: Promoting public awareness of preventive measures, such as hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and social distancing, is vital in reducing the transmission of infectious diseases. Educational campaigns should be launched to inform the public about best practices for staying healthy.5. Collaboration and Coordination: Effective communication and collaboration between government agencies, healthcare providers, and the public are essential for a coordinated response to infectious diseaseepidemics. Stakeholders should work together to share information, resources, and expertise.6. Research and Development: Investing in research and development of new treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools is critical for combating infectious diseases. Scientists and researchers should continue to innovate and explore new solutions to address emerging health threats.By implementing these medical and health measures, we can proactively mitigate the risks associated with infectious disease epidemics in the autumn and winter of 2023. Together, we can work towards safeguarding public health and promoting overall well-being.。

2023秋冬季医疗卫生防控传染病疫情策略英文版2023 Autumn/Winter Healthcare Disease Prevention and Control StrategyAs we enter the 2023 autumn/winter season, it is crucial to have a robust strategy in place for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. The healthcare sector plays a vital role in safeguarding public health, and effective measures must be implemented to combat the spread of illnesses.Key Objectives1. Enhance public awareness of infectious diseases2. Implement strict hygiene protocols in healthcare facilities3. Strengthen surveillance and monitoring systems4. Ensure rapid response to outbreaks5. Promote vaccination campaignsPublic AwarenessRaising awareness among the public about the importance of personal hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and wearing masks, is essential in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Educational campaigns should be launched through various channels to reach a wide audience.Hygiene ProtocolsHealthcare facilities must adhere to strict hygiene protocols to prevent cross-contamination and ensure the safety of patients and staff. Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, proper waste management, and the use of personal protective equipment are crucial in maintaining a clean and safe environment.Surveillance and MonitoringEffective surveillance and monitoring systems are essential for early detection and containment of infectious diseases. Healthcare authorities should closely monitor disease trends, conduct regular screenings, and report any unusual patterns to prevent outbreaks.Rapid ResponseTimely response to outbreaks is critical in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Healthcare facilities should have contingency plans in place, including isolation measures, contact tracing, and treatment protocols, to swiftly contain and manage any outbreaks that occur.Vaccination CampaignsVaccination is a key strategy in preventing infectious diseases and reducing their impact on public health. Healthcare authorities should promote vaccination campaigns, provide easy access to vaccines, and educate the public about the benefits of immunization.In conclusion, the 2023 autumn/winter healthcare disease prevention and control strategy focuses on enhancing public awareness, implementing strict hygiene protocols, strengthening surveillance systems, ensuring rapid response to outbreaks, and promoting vaccination campaigns. By following these key objectives, we can effectively combat the spread of infectious diseases and safeguard public health.。

联合国防疫服务方案英语United Nations Defense against Epidemic Service PlanI. IntroductionThe United Nations is committed to combating epidemics and safeguarding the health and well-being of all nations. In response to the ongoing global health crisis, the United Nations has developed a comprehensive Defense against Epidemic Service Plan. This plan aims to provide support and assistance to countries in need, strengthen national health systems, and promote international cooperation in the fight against epidemics.II. ObjectivesThe Defense against Epidemic Service Plan has the following key objectives:1. Prevention: Enhance global preparedness and capacity to prevent the outbreak of epidemics through early detection, surveillance, and response systems.2. Response: Provide immediate response and support to countries facing an epidemic through thedeployment of medical teams, supplies, and essential equipment.3. Capacity Building: Strengthen the capacity of national health systems by providing training, technical assistance, and knowledge sharing to healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities.4. Research and Innovation: Increase investment in research and development of vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics for epidemic diseases to ensure the availability of effective tools in combating future outbreaks.5. Coordination and Collaboration: Facilitate international cooperation and coordination among countries, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders to ensure a unified and effective response to epidemics.III. Actions1. Early Warning System: Establish a global early warning system for epidemic outbreaks, which includes surveillance networks, real-time data sharing, and predictive modeling tools to detect and respond to outbreaks rapidly.2. Epidemic Response Teams: Mobilize and deploy medical and public health teams to affected countries to provide immediate assistance in outbreak investigations, case management, contact tracing, and infection prevention and control.3. Emergency Supplies and Essential Equipment: Procure and distribute essential medical supplies, personal protective equipment, and laboratory diagnostic tools to affected countries to ensure effective case management and containment of epidemics.4. Capacity Building Programs: Develop and implement capacity building programs to strengthen the competence of healthcare workers in epidemic management, including training in infection prevention and control, laboratory diagnostics, and clinical care.5. Research and Development: Mobilize resources and funding to accelerate research and development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics for epidemic diseases, collaborating with international scientific institutions and pharmaceutical companies.6. Information Sharing and Communication: Establish a robust communication system to shareinformation, best practices, and lessons learned among countries and stakeholders, including guidelines for epidemic response and risk communication.7. Resource Mobilization: Advocate for increased funding and resources to support the Defense against Epidemic Service Plan, including financial contributions from member states, private sector partnerships, and international financial institutions.8. Policy and Advocacy: Advocate for policies and regulations that support epidemic preparedness and response, including strengthening health systems, investing in research and innovation, and promoting equitable access to vaccines and medicines.IV. ImplementationThe Defense against Epidemic Service Plan will be implemented through close collaboration between the United Nations agencies, member states, international partners, and civil society organizations. The plan will be coordinated by the World Health Organization, which will work closely with other UN agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, and UNHCR, to ensure a comprehensive and integrated response.V. ConclusionThe Defense against Epidemic Service Plan reflects the commitment of the United Nations to provide effective and timely support to countries in need during epidemic outbreaks. Through this plan, the United Nations aims to strengthen global health security, protect vulnerable populations, and mitigate the impact of epidemics on societies and economies. By working together, we can overcome the challenges posed by epidemics and build a healthier, more resilient world.。

锦州医科大专升本动物医学英语作文题目1Oh my goodness! Let me tell you about the amazing advantages of the animal medicine program for college-upgrading students at Jinzhou Medical University. First and foremost, the faculty of this program is simply outstanding! They are not only highly educated and experienced, but also passionate and dedicated to guiding students on their academic journey. How wonderful is that?The teaching facilities are incredibly advanced. Modern laboratories equipped with the latest technologies allow students to conduct experiments and research with ease. Isn't it fantastic?Moreover, the practical opportunities in this program are abundant. Students have the chance to participate in real-life animal rescue and treatment cases. For instance, there was a case where students successfully treated a seriously ill dog, which not only saved the animal's life but also demonstrated the practical application of the knowledge they acquired. Isn't it amazing how this program equips students with hands-on skills?In conclusion, the animal medicine program at Jinzhou Medical University is truly exceptional. With its excellent teachers, advanced facilities, and rich practical experiences, it provides an ideal platform for students to pursue their dreams in the field of animal medicine. So, if youhave a passion for animals and a desire to excel in this field, this program is undoubtedly the right choice for you!2Oh my goodness! Choosing to pursue an upgrade to the animal medicine major at Jinzhou Medical University is a decision that holds immense significance for me. The reasons are truly compelling! First and foremost, the employment prospects in this field are incredibly broad. With the increasing importance people attach to the health and welfare of animals, the demand for professional animal doctors is on the rise. How exciting it is to think about the countless opportunities to make a real difference in the lives of our furry friends!Also, my passion for animal medicine burns deeply within me. I have always been fascinated by the complexity and mystery of animal physiology and the challenges of diagnosing and treating their illnesses. It's not just a career choice; it's a calling that gives my life meaning and purpose.Let me tell you a story about a graduate from this program. After graduating, he entered a pet hospital and quickly stood out with his excellent skills and profound knowledge. He successfully treated many seriously ill pets, bringing joy and relief to their owners. His achievements are a testament to the quality of education and training offered by this major at Jinzhou Medical University.In conclusion, the combination of a promising career future and my heartfelt love for the subject makes choosing to upgrade to the animal medicine major at Jinzhou Medical University a no-brainer. Isn't it amazing?I am fully convinced that this path will lead me to a fulfilling and rewarding career!3When I decided to pursue an upgrade in animal medicine at Jinzhou Medical University, little did I know how amazing this journey would be! The courses here are精心designed and cover a wide range of subjects, from anatomy and physiology to pharmacology and pathology. It's not just about theory but also practical application.The learning atmosphere is simply wonderful! Everyone is passionate and dedicated to learning. In the laboratories, we have had some truly interesting experiences. For instance, once we were conducting an experiment to study the effects of a new drug on a group of rabbits. It was both thrilling and educational! We carefully observed their reactions, recorded the data, and analyzed the results. The sense of achievement when we finally drew meaningful conclusions was beyond words!The teachers here are so knowledgeable and patient. They guide us every step of the way, making sure we understand the complex concepts. And the classmates, we support and encourage each other, creating a positive learning environment.All in all, studying animal medicine at Jinzhou Medical University for the upgrade has been an incredible experience. I can't wait to see what more exciting things are in store for me in the future!4Oh, have you ever thought about the significant contributions that the upgraded animal medicine major at Jinzhou Medical University has made to our society? It's truly amazing! This major plays a crucial role in ensuring the health of animals. Just imagine, without it, how could our lovely pets and livestock stay healthy and strong?For instance, when it comes to animal epidemics, the graduates of this major are like brave soldiers. They rush to the front line, making precise diagnoses and formulating effective treatment plans. They work tirelessly to control the spread of the disease and protect the safety of the animal population.The existence of this major also greatly promotes the development of the breeding industry. With professional knowledge and skills, they provide scientific breeding methods and disease prevention measures, which increase the output and quality of livestock products. Isn't that wonderful?In conclusion, the upgraded animal medicine major at Jinzhou Medical University is not only a safeguard for animal health but also a powerful impetus for the development of related industries. How could weunderestimate its importance?5Oh my goodness! The future development trend of the animal medicine major for upgraded students at Jinzhou Medical University is truly an exciting topic to explore. As we all know, the field of animal medicine is constantly evolving, and it is crucial to keep pace with the latest advancements.With the rapid development of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and genetic engineering, the animal medicine major at Jinzhou Medical University has great potential for integration. Imagine how these cutting-edge technologies could revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases! For instance, AI-powered systems could assist in early disease detection, and genetic engineering might offer new solutions for breeding healthier animals.In addition, international exchange and cooperation are becoming increasingly important. The university has actively sought partnerships with foreign institutions. Take the collaboration with a renowned university in Europe for example. Through this partnership, students have the opportunity to participate in joint research projects, exchange ideas with international experts, and gain a global perspective.How wonderful it is to see the possibilities unfolding for this major! Will it lead to breakthroughs in veterinary science? The answer is surelyyes! Let's look forward to a brilliant future for the animal medicine major at Jinzhou Medical University.。

2010年职称英语（综合类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板 (7)第一篇Eat Healthy (7)第二篇Outside -the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference (7)第三篇Milosevic's Death (8)第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving (8)第五篇（新增）Sino—Japan Animosity Lessens (9)第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips (9)第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers (10)第八篇One-room Schools (11)第十篇New York--the Melting Pot (12)第十一篇Late-night Drinking (12)第十二篇Smuggling (13)第十三篇The Barbie Dolls (13)第十四篇Sleep (14)第十五篇Orbital Space Plane (15)第十六篇Driven to Distraction (15)第十七篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful (16)第十八篇Goal of American Education (16)第十九篇Taxi Riding (17)第二十篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories (17)第二十一篇Spacing in Animals (18)第二十二篇Some Things We Know about Language (18)第二十三篇The Only Way Is Up (19)第二十四篇Clone Farm (19)第二十五篇Income (20)第二十六篇Forecasting Methods (21)第二十七篇Importance of Services (21)第二十八篇The National Park Service (22)第二十九篇Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends (22)1职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300第三十篇（新增）Wikipedial Imposes New Curbs On Editing Articles (23)* 第三十一篇Pool Watch (23)*第三十二篇The Cherokee Nation (24)*第三十三篇 A Ride in a Cable-car (24)*第三十四篇（新增）Career With a Uniform (25)*第三十五篇（新增）Dorm Food More Comfy (26)*第三十六篇 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life (26)*第三十七篇Who Wants to Live Forever? (27)*第三十八篇Immigration and Problems (27)* 第三十九篇Eat to Live (28)*第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention (28)+第四十一篇The Operation of International Airlines (29)+ 第四十二篇Sauna (29)+ 第四十三篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? (30)+ 第四十四篇（新增）Americans Get Touchy (30)+第四十五篇（新增）Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer (31)+ 第四十六篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed (31)+ 第四十七篇The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight (32)+ 第四十八篇Finding Enlightenment in Scotland (32)+ 第四十九篇The Beginning of American Literature (33)+ 第五十篇Older Volcanic Eruptions (34)2010年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板 (35)第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles (35)第二篇Electric Backpack (35)第三篇（新增）Citizen Scientists (36)第四篇Motoring Technology (36)第五篇Late-Night Drinking (37)第六篇（新增）Arctic Melt (37)第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones (38)2职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful (39)第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine (39)第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers (40)第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself (40)第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass (41)第十三篇Invisibility Ring (41)第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers (42)第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly (42)第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth (43)第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet (43)第十八篇Thirst for Oil (44)第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life (45)第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep (45)第二十一篇Plant Gas (46)第二十二篇Snowflakes (46)第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze (47)第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe (47)第二十五篇Eat to Live (48)第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently (49)第二十七篇Driven to Distraction (49)第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories (50)第二十九篇Food Fright (50)第三十篇Digital Realm (51)*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina (51)*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine (52)*第三十三篇（新增） Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (B级) (52)*第三十四篇 Don't Count on Dung (53)*第三十五篇Putting Plants to work (54)*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning (54)3职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300*第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning (55)*第三十八篇（新增） Night of the Living Ants（理B） (55)*第三十九篇Clone Farm (56)*第四十篇 Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific (57)+第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming (57)+第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources (58)+第四十三篇Forecasting Methods (58)+第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed (59)+第四十五篇Thirsty in Karachi (59)+第四十六篇（新增）How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence (60)+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong (61)第四十八篇"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common (61)+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars (61)+第五十篇（新增） Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities (62)2010年职称英语（卫生类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板 (63)第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor (63)第二篇Medical Journals (63)第三篇Need for Emphasis on Treatment (64)第四篇Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women (64)第五篇（新增）美国人吃盐过量 (65)第六篇Pushbike Peril (65)第七篇Late-night Drinking (66)第八篇Attitudes to AIDS Now (66)第九篇 U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January (67)第十篇Cigars Instead? (67)第十一篇 Sleeplessness (68)第十二篇 Common-cold Sense (68)第十三篇 Drug Reactions--a Major Cause of Death (69)第十四篇 Dreams (69)4职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300第十五篇Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay (70)第十六篇 Sleep (70)*第十七篇 Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost (71)*第十八篇（新增）Human Heart Can Make New Cells（卫B） (72)*第十九篇 Adaptation of Living Things (72)*第二十篇 FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce (73)*第二十一篇 Early or Later Day Care (73)*第二十二篇 Egypt Felled by Famine (74)*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide (74)*第二十四篇Controlling the Growing TB Crisis in China (75)*第二十五篇 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements (75)*第二十六篇 Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World (76)*第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus (77)*第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural Plants (77)*第二十九篇Obesity (78)*第三十篇 Silent and Deadly (78)*第三十一篇 Spacing in Animals (79)*第三十二篇 Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies (79)*第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries (80)+第三十四篇（新增）Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much? （卫A） (81)+第三十五篇 Single-parent Kids Do Best (81)+第三十六篇 Dangerous Sunshine to Children (82)+第三十七篇 Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke (82)+第三十八篇 Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk (83)+第三十九篇Pool Watch (83)+第四十篇 Thirsty in Karachi (84)+第四十一篇 Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other (84)+第四十二篇 More about Alzheimer' s Disease (85)+第四十三篇 Education of Students with Vision Impairments (86)5职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300+第四十四篇Water Pollution (86)+第四十五篇 DNA Fingerprinting (87)+第四十六篇Malnutrition (87)+第四十七篇 Drug Resistance Fades Quickly in Key Aids Drug (88)+第四十八篇 IQ-gene (88)+第四十九篇 A Gay Biologist (89)+第五十篇 15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder (89)6职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-23002010年职称英语（综合类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板注意：凡是目录中没有标注的为C级文章，凡是目录中标注*的为B级文章，凡是目录中标注+ 的为A级文章，7职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-23008职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-23009职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230010职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230011职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230012职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230013职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230014职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230015职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230016职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230017职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230019职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230020职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230021职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230022职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230023职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230024职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230025职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230026职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230027职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230028职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230029职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300 30职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230031职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230032职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230033职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300342010年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板35职称英语通过率居全国第一全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230036职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230037职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230038职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230039职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230040职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230042职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230043职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230044职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230045职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230046职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230047职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230048职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-230049职称英语通过率居全国第一 全国统一客服专线：400-676-2300。

2021世界防治结核病日英语作文Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major fatal infectious disease all over the world. On March 24, who in the world tuberculosis day, calling for global tuberculosis prevention and control of new commitments and take new action.Have made great advances in recent years, the world is expected to achieve development goals identified in the one thousand to 20xx targets to reverse the TB prevalence trend. But it is not enough. During 20xx, a total of 9 million people suffering from tuberculosis, 1.5 million people were killed.We clearly need to do more work.In the world health assembly in May last year, the government approved a 20-year (20xx-2035), grand strategies to curb the global epidemic of tuberculosis (TB).According to the idea of who&#39;s stop TB strategy, should be thoroughly eliminate TB death, illness and pain around the world. Determined and the governments and the strategic partner of the target and action, requiring a patient-centered medical service, the prevention and control of policy and system, and promote to contain a pandemic and the elimination of tuberculosis (TB) and to carry out research work and innovation measures.Tuberculosis prevention and control of the world, 20xx, who called on the government, the affected communities, civil society organizations, health care service providers and international partners working together to launch a strategy, to cover, treatment and cure at present all TB patients.On March 24, 20xx, is to change the practices and intensify global effort to eliminate the chance of TB.结核病是全世界最主要的致命传染病之一。

防疫倡议书英文版作文Dear residents,We are writing to you today to raise awareness about the importance of taking preventive measures to contain the spread of infectious diseases. As we all know, recent events have highlighted the urgent need for collective action in ensuring the well-being and safety of our community.First and foremost, personal hygiene plays a crucial role in preventing the transmission of viral infections. It is of utmost importance to frequently wash our hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol content can also be used as a substitute when soap and water are unavailable. Additionally, avoiding touching our faces, especially the eyes, nose, and mouth, can significantly reduce the risk of infection.The use of face masks is another essential measure in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, particularly when social distancing measures cannot be maintained. Face masks help to contain respiratory droplets released during coughing, sneezing, or speaking, thus protecting both ourselves and those around us. We urge all community members to wear face masks whenever necessary, as it is a small sacrifice for the greater good. Furthermore, practicing social distancing is crucial in reducing the chances of transmission. Maintaining a distance of at least 1 meter from others whenever possible can help limit the spread of respiratory droplets. Avoiding crowded places and non-essentialgatherings is equally important to reduce the risk of exposure.Lastly, we must remain vigilant and stay informed about the latest updates and guidelines provided by local health authorities. By staying informed, we can make educated decisions regarding our own health and better protect ourselves and our community.To conclude, we urge each and every one of you to embrace and implement these preventive measures in your daily lives to safeguard our community. By acting collectively and responsibly, we can effectively contain the spread of infectious diseases and protect the vulnerable members of our society.Let us remember the proverb, "Prevention is better than cure." Let us be the proactive community that stands together in the face of adversity.Thank you for your attention and commitment to the well-being of our community.Sincerely,[Your Name]。