十二、Chapter Twelve Models of InstructionalDesign

NORMATIVE INSTRUCTION N ° 21, FROM MAY 31, 2017第21号正式指令，从2017年5月31日开始执行THE MINISTER OF STATE OF AGRICULTURE, PECUARY AND SUPPLY, in the use of the attribution conferred by art. 87, sole paragraph, item II, of the Federal Constitution, in view of the provisions of Law No. 1,283 of December 18, 1950, Law No. 7,889, dated November 23, 1989, Decree No. 9,013 of March 29 Of 2017, and that of Process nº 21000.007168 / 2010-04, resolves:联邦农业畜牧及食品供应部，根据“联邦宪法”第87条第二项，鉴于1950年12月18日第1283号法律的规定，使用1989年11月23日第7,889号法令及2017年3月29日第9,013号法令21000.007168 / 2010-04号进程，颁布：Art. 1 °. It is approved the Technical Regulation that establishes the IDENTITY AND THEQUALITY characteristics that the FROZEN FISH must present, in the form of this Normative Instruction and its Annex.条例1：通过了本规范性说明及其附件形式确定了冷冻鱼必须呈现的特性和质量特征的“技术条例”。

The 12th International Congress on Mathematical EducationFirst AnnouncementJuly 8 ~ 15, 2012, COEX, Seoul, KoreaICME-122012, KOREAA Word of Welcome from the IPCSung Je ChoChair of the International Programme CommitteeThe International Programme Committee (IPC) for ICME-12 would like to extend its warmest greetings to all of you. The IPC is doing its very best to put together a rich, varied and multi-faceted scientific programme for the Congress, with the aim of attracting and addressing the entire community of researchers and practitioners in mathematics education from all over the world. It is our ambition to provide nourishment for thought and inspiration for practice to the established mathematics educator of world renown and to the novice in the field attending an ICME for the first time, and to everyone else who takes an interest in mathematics education.In the programme structure of ICME-12, we have attempted to combine the best of the traditional components which have served to make the past ICMEs great successes.The main components of the scientific programme are outlined below. A few others are likely to be added at later stages. In this Announcement, no names of speakers or group organizers will be given. As soon as decisions have been made and invitations accepted, names will appear on the ICME-12 web site. Questions and proposals concerning matters pertaining to the programme should be addressed to the Chair of the IPC.We, in the IPC, look forward to seeing you at ICME-12!Sung Je ChoChair of the International Programme CommitteeMain Program ComponentsPlenary ActivitiesLectures or panels on themes of current actuality and relevance to the practice of the international community of mathematicseducators will be presented by experts invited by the IPC.National PresentationsIt is customary to select a small number of countries so that the international mathematics community may gain a closer knowledge on the state and trends of mathematics education in those countries. National representatives of those countries are asked to make the presentations.ICME-12 Survey TeamsSurvey Teams, first created in ICME-10, are groups entrusted to carry out a survey of the latest developments regarding a certain theme or issue of mathematics education. Emphasis is placed on pinpointing new knowledge, new perspectives, and emerging challenges. The teams’ work will be presented in a lecture at the Congress. Survey Teams ensure we are made aware of developments in the field addressed since the time of the previous ICME, thus giving continuity to ICME.Regular LecturesThese lectures will be presented by experts invited by the IPC.Topic Study Groups (TSGs) The purpose of a TSG is to gather participants interested in a certain topic in mathematics education. The organizing team of each TSG will review, select and organize contributions, some by invitation and some by submission by interested participants, which account foradvances, new trends, and important work donein the last few years on the topic the TSGaddresses.Discussion Groups (DGs) DG’s are meant to gather Congress participants who wish to actively discuss, in a genuinely interactive way, certain challenging orcontroversial issues and dilemmas –of a substantial, non-rhetorical nature–pertaining to the theme of the DG. The topics for the discussion group will be generated from the future participants for ICME-12 throughICME-12 web site.Workshops Workshops will provide hands-on experience to delegates wishing to learn new skills. These workshops are created via proposals to the IPC.Sharing Experiences Groups (SEGs) SEGs are small and intimate groups designed to exchange and discuss experiences pertaining to research and/or teaching. SEG’s are formed viaproposals to the IPC.Poster Exhibition and Round Tables Participants are invited to submit proposals for t he display and presentation of posters. Round ta bles will address groups of posters developed onthe same theme.Submissions and ProposalsPresentation of papers will take place only within one of the programme components mentioned in this Announcement.Organizers will be appointed for each of the different items in the programme and all submissions of papers or proposals should be addressed directly to them. Until then, submissions or proposals may be sent to the Chair of the International Programme Committee.For several reasons it will not be possible for all papers that have been accepted by the organizers to be presented orally at ICME-12. For such papers, the Presentation by Distribution scheme, which was invented for ICME-9, will also be implemented at ICME-12. This is to ensure that all papers will be made available to all participants in the relevant groups.Members of the IPCMichèle ARTIGUEUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7artigue@math.jussieu.frÉvelyne BARBINCentre François VièteFaculté des sciences et des techniquesevelyne.barbin @wanadoo.fr,evelyne.barbin@univ-nantes.frBill BARTON (Ex officio, President of ICMI)The University of Aucklandb.barton@auckland.aMorten BLOMHOEJIMFUFARoskilde Universitymorten@mmf.ruc.dkGail BURRILLMichigan State Universityburrill@Jaime CARVALHO E SILVA(Ex officio, Secretary- General of ICMI) Universidade de Coimbrajaimecs@mat.uc.ptSung Je CHO (Chair)Seoul National Universitysungjcho@snu.ac.krJohann ENGELBRECHTUniversity of Pretoriajohann.engelbrecht@up.ac.zaBernard R. HODGSONUniversité Lavalbhodgson@mat.ulaval.cahttp://www.mat.ulaval.ca/pages/hodgson/Gabriele KAISERUniversity of Hamburggabriele.kaiser@uni-hamburg.dehttp://www.erzwiss.uni-hamburg.de/Personal/Gkaiser/ Mercy KAZIMAUniversity of Malawimkazima@chanco.unima.mwPetar KENDEROVHigher Attestation Commissionvorednek@, kenderovp@cc.bas.bgMasataka KOYAMAHiroshima Universitymkoyama@hiroshima-u.ac.jpOh Nam KWONSeoul National Universityonkwon@snu.ac.krFrederick K.S. LEUNGThe University of Hong Konghraslks@hku.hkHee Chan LEWKorea National University of Educationhclew@knue.ac.krShiqi LIEast China Normal Universitysqli@Cheryl PRAEGERUniversity of Western Australiapraeger@.auMarcela SANTILLÁNDirectora General de Educación para Profesionales de la Educaciónm.santillan@upn.mxHyun Yong SHIN (Chair of the LOC)Korea National University of Educationshin@knue.ac.krK. (Ravi) SUBRAMANIAMTata Institute of Fundamental Research,subra@hbcse.tifr.res.in, ravi.k.subra@Yuriko YAMAMOTO BALDINUniversidade Federal de São Carlosyuriko@dm.ufscar.br, yuriko.baldin@.brPractical InformationVenueAll of the Congress activities will take place at the COEX, Convention & Exhibition Center, located in the city of Seoul, Korea. Seoul is both the capital and the heart of the Republic of Korea. Seoul is the financial, political, commercial, recreational, educational, and cultural center of Korea.CostsThe registration fee is 400 US dollars. For information on living costs in Korea, we will post the detailed information on the website.Second AnnouncementA Second Announcement for ICME-12 (with registration forms, exact costs and all essential information) will be available in the autumn of 2011.Conference Web SiteProspective participants are advised to take notice of the conference web site which is the main source of information on the Congress. The web site will be regularly updated before, during, and after the Congress.Visa InformationPlease be aware that Korea requires entry visas for citizens of some countries. The ICME-12 web site will contain a list of those countries exempt from visa requirements, as well as links to official Korean government pages with information on the subject. This information, however, may vary over time. For the latest be sure to contact the Korean embassy or consulate nearest to you.Bear in mind that the visa granting process can take between one and three months; you are advised to start the process as early as possible.What is ICME?The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is held every four years under the auspices of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI). It is, however, planned and organized by separate committees, which operate independently of the ICMI. The aim of the Congress is to present the current states and trends in mathematics education research and in the practice of mathematics teaching at all levels. The Congress will gather a broad spectrum of participants, such as researchers in mathematics education, teacher trainers, practicing teachers, mathematicians, and others interested in mathematics education.Organization of ICME-12Hyun Yong ShinChair of the Local Organizing CommitteeThe organizational planning and the financial aspects of the Congress are handled by the Local Organizing Committee (LOC). On behalf of the LOC we are very much looking forward to welcoming you to ICME-12 in Seoul, 2012.。

员工手册Employee Handbook目录Catalogs 第一章总则Chapter One General第二章公司概况Chapter Two General situation of the Company 第三章员工行为规范Chapter Three The norms of employee's behaviors 第四章雇用与离职Chapter Four Employment and Disemployment 第五章员工薪酬Chapter Five The salary of employees第六章工作时间Chapter Six The working hours第七章员工休假Chapter Seven The holidays of employees 第八章员工福利Chapter Eight The Welfare of employees 第九章培训与发展Chapter Nine The training and development 第十章出差管理Chapter Ten Management for Business Trips 第十一章违纪与处罚Chapter Eleven Violation of regulations and punishment 第十二章环境、健康、劳动安全与保密政策Chapter Twelve Environment, health, security, and confidentiality 第十三章劳动争议Chapter Thirteen Labor disputes第十四章附加条款Chapter Fourteen Supplementary articles第一章总则Chapter One General1. 为规范员工行为，提升员工队伍整体素质，特制定本手册。

This Handbook is specially made in order to regulate the employees’ behavior and enhance the quality of employees,2. 本手册适用于公司全体员工，公司全体员工必须严格遵守。

英语文章the giver 每章概述。

chapter1：The story begins with jonas’ anxiety and tension，telling the events and feelings of jonas’ family during the day and sharing them over the dinner tablechapter2Jonas talked to his parents, talked about the twelve—year-old ceremony at the dinner table，and expressed his anxiety。

The parents used their own examples to reassure jonas.chapter3This chapter mainly tells the difference between jonas' ideas and others。

He notices that gabo's eyes are different from others and profound. And her sister lily’s desire to be a pregnant mother. Jonas and Arthur play the game and discover the change in the apple and secretly bring the apple back to studychapter4This chapter focuses on jonas who goes to volunteer work and admires the achievements of a boy named Benjamin. He also went to the nursing home to bathe the elderly，and they discussed Robert's liberation ceremonychapter5This chapter focuses on the jonas family’s Shared dream story，where jonas shares his dream of "passion” with the family and his mother tells him that he needs to take pills every day from todaychapter6This chapter is mainly about rituals. Children of different ages have their own rituals。

24 Hours HotlineAODE MACHINERY+86-139******** / +86-158******** +86-139******** / +86-138******** (SHEN ZHEN PLANT)前言PREFACEAOS模具温度控制机操作说明书;AOS Instruction Manual of Mold Temperature Controller;1、提供温度控制方面的领先技术，以优良的品质，适中的价位，完善的服务为客户创造价值We provide advanced technology in temperature controlling and create values for customers with top quality, reasonable price and perfect service.2、本手册说明如何操作使用此模温机，它同时提供一些平常保养事项及可预见问题的故障处理。

This manual illustrates how to operate the mold temperature controller and provides ordinary maintenance items and solutions to predictable faults.3、为了操作人员对本设备能最有效安全的使用，请详阅本手册。

In order to make the most effective and safe use of the equipment，please read this manual carefully.4、如有不明之处，请致电深圳工厂*************/2/3/4转812，苏州工厂*************/2/3转812，天津工厂************/3/9转818，有专员为您解答。

维修24小时热线：深圳 +86-139********/ +86-138********苏州+86-139******** / +86-158********天津 +86-135********/ +86-135********If any question, please contact with our technical supporter as below:plant: *************-4Ext:812ShenzhenSuzhou plant: *************-3Ext:812Tianjin plant：************/3/9Ext:81824 Hours hotline: Shenzhen Plant: +86-139********/ +86-138********SuzhouPlant: +86-139******** / +86-158********Tianjin Plant： +86-135********/ +86-135********目录Contents第一章安全守则_4Chapter One Safety Regulations第二章产品特点7Chapter Two Product Features第三章机器各部分名称8 Chapter Three Name of Parts第四章机型规格9Chapter Four Specifications第五章主要功能11Chapter Five Main Functions第六章安装及注意事项12Chapter Six Installation and Precautions第七章运转操作说明15Chapter Seven Operating Instructions第八章异常情况及处理表21Chapter Eighth Abnormal Phenomena and Solutions第九章保养与维护22Chapter Nine Maintenance and Repair第十章产品各部件可能出现的问题及解决方法23Chapter Ten Possible Problems and Solutions第十一章管路系统图24Chapter Eleven Pipeline System Chart第十二章电路图及电子零件清单24Chapter Twelve Circuit Diagram and List of Electronic Parts第一章安全守则Chapter One Safety Regulations危险！Danger!此机组内有高温高压，为安全起见，请勿移动机盖或开关。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版绪论单元测试1【判断题】 (2分)英语学科教学论，是介绍英语知识的一门课。

A.对B.错2【判断题】 (2分)英语学科教学论，是一门介绍如何教英语的课。

A.对B.错3【判断题】 (2分)关于教英语，需要了解相关的语言和语言学习的理论。

A.错B.对4【判断题】 (2分)关于教英语，还需要了解相关的教学方法、了解课堂管理的内容、学习教学设计的理念等。

A.错B.对5【判断题】 (2分)听说读写看的教学，是关于语言技能的教学。

A.错B.对第一章测试1【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the view of language? ( )A.Interactional ViewB.Structural ViewC.Functional ViewD.Constructive View2【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the view of language Learning? ( )A.Behaviorist TheoryB.Cognitive TheoryC.Schema TheoryD.Socio-constructive Theory3【单选题】 (2分)Which is from social-constructivist theory?A.stimulusB.ZPDC.reinforcementD.automatic response4【多选题】 (2分)For new language learning, the aspects that students need to do with are ( )A.Understand the formB.Understand the meaningC.Go abroad for studyingD.Practice the language5【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to process-oriented theory? ( )A.Socio-constructivist TheoryB.Schema TheoryC.Behaviorist TheoryD.Cognitive Theory6【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to condition-oriented theory? ( )A.Constructivist TheoryB.Behaviorist TheoryC.Socio-constructivist TheoryD.Cognitive Theory7【判断题】 (2分)The structural view of language is that language is a system of structurally related ele ments for the transmission of meaning. （）A.错B.对8【判断题】 (2分)The functional view only sees language as a means for doing things. ( )A.对B.错9【判断题】 (2分)For behaviorist theory, mistakes should be immediately corrected, and the correction s hould be immediately praised. ( )A.对B.错10【判断题】 (2分)Learning should be achieved via the dynamic interaction between the teacher and th e learner and between learners. ( )A.错B.对第三章测试1【判断题】 (2分)Teacher Talk Time means teacher should talk more in class and do not leave silence g ap in class. ( )A.对B.错2【判断题】 (2分)Remembering and understanding belong to the higher order thinking ability. ( )A.对B.错3【单选题】 (2分)Which one does not belong to the Bloom’s Taxonomy (2001)? ( )A.ApplyingB.AnalyzingC.RememberingD.Summarizing4【单选题】 (2分)For cognitive level of evaluating, the teacher may ask students the question like ( ).A.What is the relationship between A and B?B.How would you use this?C.Which is more interesting?D.What is the main idea of this paragraph?5【单选题】 (2分)For cognitive level of analyzing, the teacher may ask students the question like ( ).A.Which is more interesting, A or B?B.Can you compare A and B?C.Is there a better solution to this?D.What is an alternative method for this?6【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to teacher’s role? ( )A.controllerB.assessorC.prompterD.organizer7【多选题】 (2分)Teachers as facilitators means ( ).A.to guide them in planning and assessing their own learningB.to use various strategies to motivate learnersC.to develop their learning strategiesD.to create a positive learning environment8【多选题】 (2分)What are the two things that the teacher does as an assessor? ( )A.organizing feedbackB.controlling the paceC.correcting mistakesD.making research on student’s performance9【判断题】 (2分)Even the clearest instructions can be hard to grasp so, after you've given them, it's wo rth checking that they have been understood. ( )A.对B.错10【判断题】 (2分)Allow learners in class the time and the quiet they need, because they need time to thi nk, to prepare what they are going to say and how they are going to say it. ( )A.对B.错第四章测试1【单选题】 (2分)For WHERETO teaching design principle, W refers to ( ).A.allow students to evaluate their work and its implication’sB.be tailored (personalized) to the different needs, interests, and abilities of learnersC.equip students, help them experience the key ideas and explore the issuesD.help the students know where the unit is going and what is expected2【单选题】 (2分)For WHERETO teaching design principle, R refers to ( ).A.help the students know where the unit is going and what is expectedB.allow students to evaluate their work and its implication’sC.equip students, help them experience the key ideas and explore the issuesD.provide opportunities to rethink and revise their understandings and work3【单选题】 (2分)Which belongs to teaching design principle? ( )A.WHERETOB.ESAC.SMARTD.ABCD4【多选题】 (2分)What does WHERETO teaching design principle refer? ( )A.equip students, help them experience the key ideas and explore the issuesB.help the students know where the unit is going and what is expectedC.allow students to evaluate their work and its implication’sD.hook all students and hold their interest5【多选题】 (2分)What are the frequently applied teaching models? ( )A.WHERETO ModelB.Backward Design ModelC.ASSURE ModelD.ADDIE Model6【多选题】 (2分)What are the four elements of articulating learning objectives? ( )A.ConditionB.AudienceC.DegreeD.Behavior7【判断题】 (2分)Develop student’s reading skills. This learning objective is appropriately presented. ( )A.错B.8【判断题】 (2分)SMART is the method for articulating learning objectives. ( )A.对B.错9【判断题】 (2分)Activation of prior knowledge means activating cognitive structures that relate to the to pics and tasks to be studied and completed. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)The purpose of teaching design is to implement teaching effectively. ( )A.B.对第五章测试1【单选题】 (2分)What is used to express meanings in many subtle ways such as surprise, complaint, s arcasm, delighted, threats, etc.? ( )A.PronunciationB.morphologyC.PhonologyD.Intonation2【单选题】 (2分)What is the best age to start learning to read through phonics? ( )A.4-6B.C.1-2D.2-33【单选题】 (2分)After learning the individual letters’ sounds, it is natural to learn the sounds o f ? ( )A.consonant lettersB.blending lettersC.all of the aboveD.vowel letters4【多选题】 (2分)Which generally should be pronounced as weak form while reading aloud? ( )A.Auxiliary wordB.C.VerbD.Preposition5【多选题】 (2分)Phonics is a method for teaching and of the English language by develo ping learners' phonemic awareness—the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phon emes—in order to teach the correspondence between these sounds and the spelling p atterns that represent them. ( )A.speakingB.writingC.listeningD.reading6【多选题】 (2分)Sound /k/ can be spelled as ? ( )A.kB.chC.ckD.c7【判断题】 (2分)Research has shown that children who have not developed reading skills by second gr ade, will experience an overall delay in learning throughout their school life. ( )A.对B.错8【判断题】 (2分)Understanding phonics will also help children know which letters to use when they ar e writing words. ( )A.对B.错9【判断题】 (2分)A lot of people start the journey of teaching kids phonics through the traditional ways, l ike teaching them to read, and this is the best way to follow. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)Written language can be compared to a code, so knowing the sounds of individual lett ers and how those letters sound when they’re combined will help children code word s as they read. ( )A.对B.错第六章测试1【单选题】 (2分)What does the first aspect of vocabulary learning involve according to Hedge (200 0)? ( )A.The sense relations among words.B.Connotative meaning.C.Denotative meaning.D.Denotative and connotative meaning.2【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the appropriate way of consolidating vocabulary? ( )A.Play a game.B.Categories.C.Spot the difference.D.Guessing.3【单选题】 (2分)Which is not a collocation? ( )A.See a movie.B.Watch a play.C.Movie.D.Look at a picture.4【多选题】 (2分)According to Hedge (2000), what does the second aspect of vocabulary learning invol ve? ( )A.Spelling and PronunciationB.Collocations.C.Synonyms, antonyms and hyponyms.D.Receptive and productive vocabulary.5【多选题】 (2分)What does knowing a word involve? ( )A.How and when to use it to express the intended meaning.B.Its meaning.C.Its spelling and grammatical properties.D.Its pronunciation and stress.6【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to vocabulary learning strategies? ( )A.Use a dictionary.B.Review regularly.C.Guessing from context.D.Presenting vocabulary.7【判断题】 (2分)Denotative meaning refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real o bjects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world. ( )A.错B.对8【判断题】 (2分)Antonyms refer to the sameness or close similarity of meaning or we can say that wor ds are close in meaning. ( )A.对B.错9【判断题】 (2分)Receptive/passive vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and compr ehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or writing. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)Collocations refer to words that co-occur with high frequency and have been accepte d as ways for the use of words. ( )A.对B.错第七章测试1【单选题】 (2分)Deductive reasoning is essentially a approach which moves from the more gen eral to the more specific. ( )A.gameB.down-topC.traditionalD.top-down2【单选题】 (2分)is an approach that removes you, the teacher, from the main role of “explainer” and ex tends to the students the opportunity to question and discover the target grammar. ( )A.The guided discovery methodB.Mechanical practiceC.Deductive methodD.Inductive method3【单选题】 (2分)usually comes after mechanical practice. ( )A.The guided discovery methodB.Meaningful practiceC.Deductive methodD.Inductive method4【多选题】 (2分)Although a little less effective than inductive teaching, benefits to the deductive approa ch are: ( )A.It encourages faster learning of material and understand the meaningB.Time in the classroom is spent only on the language principle.C.Most material can be easily taught this way.D.Students can have lots of interaction with others in a meaningful context.5【多选题】 (2分)Although inductive teaching takes longer than deductive, many educators agree it i s a very efficient method in the long run. Benefits include: ( )A.Students rely on their critical thinking to figure out the language.B.Students can gain deeper understanding of the language.C.Students can get more interaction and participation among each other.D.No material can be easily taught this way.6【多选题】 (2分)Using prompts has proved to be an effective way of grammar practice. The prompts ca n be: ( )A.picturesB.tablesC.key wordsD.mines7【判断题】 (2分)The deductive and inductive teaching methods can be illustrated in this picture. ( )A.对B.错8【判断题】 (2分)That the students are asked to produce language based on pictures and key phrase s provided by the teacher is using chained phrases for storytelling. ( )A.对B.错9【判断题】 (2分)In mechanical practice the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange o f meaning through the students “keep an eye on” the way newly learned structures ar e used in the process. ( )A.对B.错10【判断题】 (2分)Grammar practice is usually divided into two categories, mechanical practice and mea ningful practice. ( )A.错B.对第八章测试1【单选题】 (2分)Which is not involved in bottom-up processing while listening? ( )A.Recognizing phrases.B.Referring meaning from background knowledge.C.Recognizing structures.D.Recognizing sounds of words.2【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the stage of listening teaching? ( )A.While-listening.B.Predicting.C.Pre-listening.D.Post-listening.3【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the main listening difficulty of learners? ( )A.Quickly forget what is heard.B.Neglect the next part when thinking about meaning.C.Able to form a mental representation from words heard.D.Do not recognize words they know.4【多选题】 (2分)What are two models that are frequently used to describe different processes of listeni ng? ( )A.Top-up model.B.Top-down model.C.Bottom-up model.D.Bottom-down model.5【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to principles for teaching listening? ( )A.Focus on process.B.Combine listening with other skills.C.Focus on the comprehension of meaning.D.Grade difficulty level appropriately.6【多选题】 (2分)What are three main categories that affect the difficulty level of listening tasks accordin g to Anderson and lynch (1988)? ( )A.Context in which the listening occurs.B.Bottom-up and top-down approaches.C.Type of language used.D.Task or purpose in listening.7【判断题】 (2分)Bottom-up and top-down these two processes are mutually dependent. ( ）A.对B.错8【判断题】 (2分)It is important to develop listening skills together with other skills because ordinarily list ening is not an isolated skill. ( )A.错B.对9【判断题】 (2分)Multiple-choice tests play a decisive role in helping students develop good listening ha bits and strategies. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)In the top-down model, listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and ba ckground knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized. ( )A.对B.错第九章测试1【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the principle for teaching speaking? ( )A.Maximizing meaning interactions.B.Problem-solving activities.C.Personalizing practice.D.Contextualizing practice.2【单选题】 (2分)Which practice is not structure-based with a focus on forms? ( )A.Grammar learning.B.Syntax learning.C.Providing sufficient opportunities for students to develop fluency.D.Vocabulary learning.3【单选题】 (2分)Which of the following activities is often used to develop students’ speaking accurac y? ( )A.Acting out the dialogue in the text.B.Having discussions in groups.C.Describing people in pair.D.Identifying and correcting oral mistakes.4【多选题】 (2分)Like all the other skills, what strategies does speaking involve?( )A.Turn taking.B.Asking for clarification.C.Initiating a conversation.D.Ending a conversation.5【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to common features of spoken language according to Bygate (1987)? ( )A.Using devices such as fillers, hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.B.Taking short cuts, e.g. incomplete sentences.C.Using less complex syntax.D.Using fixed conventional phrases or chunks.6【多选题】 (2分)Which belong to typical speaking tasks? ( )A.Problem-solving activities.B.Dialogues and role-plays.C.Doing translation exercises.D.Information-gap activities.7【判断题】 (2分)Maintaining a balance between accuracy-based and fluency-based practices is essenti al in teaching speaking.( )A.对B.错8【判断题】 (2分)Speaking is the skill that the students will be judged upon most in simulated situation s. ( )A.错B.对9【判断题】 (2分)Problem-solving activities tend to be productive because there is a clear objective to b e reached or problem to be solved and require a higher level of language proficienc y. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)Designing speaking activities that maximize students’ opportunity to speak is one of th e central tasks for language teachers. ( )A.错B.对第十章测试1【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the teaching step of viewing teaching? ( )A.What message does the image transmit?B.What do you feel?C.What can you touch?D.What can you see?2【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the three-dimension paradigm by Serafini (2014)? ( )A.StructuralB.IntellectualC.IdeologicalD.Perceptual3【单选题】 (2分)What is the definition of Visual literacy? ( )A.With technology, images and visual presentations are flourishing more than ever.B.It means student's ability to “use, interpret, analyze, and think critically about visual images and the signi ficance of what they are seeing”.C.This involves exploring how ideas and emotions are expressed and the use of lighting to create an emoti onal or physiological point.D.Visual literacy is based on the idea that can be "read" and that meaning can be through a process of re ading.4【多选题】 (2分)Which are the teaching steps of viewing teaching? ( )A.What can you touch?B.What is the image trying to tell us?C.What can you see?D.What do you feel?5【多选题】 (2分)What are the pedagogical questions that the teacher can use in class to develop learn ers’ visual literacy? ( )A.How could you change/improve this image?B.What more can we find out?C.What does this image say to us?D.Where has this image come from?6【多选题】 (2分)What can be used as visual literacy clues to facilitate identifying the visual products? ( )A.ColorB.ShapeC.GestureD.Lighting7【判断题】 (2分)We need to consider the active viewer as well and engage the students' creative or cur ative responses to the image. ( )A.错B.对8【判断题】 (2分)One of the most effective ways to encourage information to make that important jump f rom the limited short-term memory to the more powerful long-term memory is to pair te xt with images. ( )A.错B.对9【判断题】 (2分)As these students travel on their road to fluency in English, images can provide an eff ective bridge in that learning process. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)Information presented visually is processed extremely quickly by the brain. ( )A.对B.错第十一章测试1【单选题】 (2分)When expectations are set up, what kind of process of reading is ready to begin? ( )A.ForcedB.PassiveC.NegativeD.Active2【单选题】 (2分)What does bottom-up model mean? ( )A.The teacher should teach the background knowledge first, so that students equipped with such knowled ge will be able to guess meaning from the printed page.B.The teacher teaches reading by introducing vocabulary and new words first and then going over the tex t sentence by sentence.C.None of the above.D.Not only linguistic knowledge but also background knowledge is involved in reading.3【单选题】 (2分)Which is not the reading skill that the learners should be developed in reading clas s? ( )A.Making prediction based on vocabulary or titleB.Guessing the word’s meaningC.Cooperating with othersD.Making inference4【多选题】 (2分)What are the principles for reading teaching? ( )A.Prediction is a major factor in reading.B.Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a reading text, not just to the language.C.Students need to be engaged with what they are reading.D.Good teachers exploit reading texts to the full.5【多选题】 (2分)What are the models for reading teaching? ( )A.Top-down ModelB.Discovery ModelC.Interactive ModelD.Bottom-up Model6【多选题】 (2分)Find out the reading skills that the learners should be cultivated in reading class. ( )A.Making inferenceB.SkimmingC.ScanningD.Guessing the word’s meaning7【判断题】 (2分)As with everything else in lessons, students who are not engaged with the reading tex t will not actively interested in what they are doing. ( )A.错B.对8【判断题】 (2分)In the Top-down Model, the teacher teaches reading by introducing vocabulary and ne w words first and then going over the text sentence by sentence. ( )A.错B.对9【判断题】 (2分)According to the Interactive Model of reading, when one is reading, the brain receive s visual information, and at the same time, interprets or reconstructs the meaning tha t the writer had in mind when he wrote the text. ( )A.错B.对10【判断题】 (2分)Reading comprehension involves extracting the relevant information from the text as e fficiently as possible, connecting the information from the written message with one’s o wn knowledge to arrive at an understanding. ( )A.错B.对第十二章测试1【单选题】 (2分)Which will not help teachers motivate students to write? ( )A.Encourage collaborative group writing as well as individual writing.B.Leave students less room for creativity and imagination.C.Make the topic of writing as close as possible to students' life.D.Provide constructive and positive feedback.2【单选题】 (2分)What product-oriented method of teaching writing mean? ( )A.Writing activities should serve to encourage a process of brainstorming, drafting, writing, feedback, revis ing and editing, which proceeds in a cyclical fashion resembling the writing process of a real writer.B.It pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process, which the students g o through to reach the final goal.C.The process approach to writing does not only pay attention to what students do while they are writing, i t also attaches great importance to what they and the teacher do before they start writing and after they f inish writing.D.What really matter is the help that the teacher provides to guide students through the process that they undergo when they are writing.3【单选题】 (2分)What does process approach to writing mean? ( )A.What really matter is the help that the teacher provides to guide students through the process that they undergo when they are writing.B.Encourage feedback both from themselves.C.Do not give students time to discover what they want to say as they write.D.Teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process.4【多选题】 (2分)Which principles can help teachers motivate students to write? ( )A.Leave students enough room for creativity and imagination.B.Provide opportunities for students to share their writings.C.Make the topic of writing as close as possible to students' life.D.Encourage collaborative group writing as well as individual writing.5【多选题】 (2分)Which principles will motivate students to write? ( )A.Give students a sense of achievement from time to time.B.Leave students less room for creativity and imagination.C.。

Principle of MCUSingle-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chip.Also known as single-chip MCU (Microcontroller), because it was first used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways.Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTEL's 8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise. Since then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series. Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements increase in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. After the 90's with the big consumer electronics product development, single-chip technology is a huge improvement. INTEL i960 Series with subsequent ARM in particular, a broad range of applications, quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit single-chip high-end status, and enter the mainstream market. Traditional 8-bit single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to the 80's to raise a few hundred times. At present, the high-end 32-bit single-chip frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90's close on the heels of a special processor, while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U.S. dollars, the most high-end models, only 10 U.S. dollars. Contemporary single-chip microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer. In PDAs and cell phones as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to Windows and Linux operating systems.More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the world's largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace. Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the same time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated computing, even more than the number of human beings.Hardwave introductionThe 8051 family of micro controllers is based on an architecture which is highly optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications from militaryequipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC. Second only to the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the 8051 family of microcontrollers is available in a wide array of variations from manufacturers such as Intel, Philips, and Siemens. These manufacturers have added numerous features and peripherals to the 8051 such as I2C interfaces, analog to digital converters, watchdog timers, and pulse width modulated outputs. Variations of the 8051 with clock speeds up to 40MHz and voltage requirements down to 1.5 volts are available. This wide range of parts based on one core makes the 8051 family an excellent choice as the base architecture for a company's entire line of products since it can perform many functions and developers will only have to learn this one platform.The basic architecture consists of the following features:·an eight bit ALU·32 descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be individually accessed·two 16 bit timer/counters·full duplex UART· 6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels·128 bytes of on board RAM·separate 64K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memoryOne 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods. Each of the twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op code fetches and samples of the interrupt daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time required for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by 12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required by the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using an 11.059MHz clock, you can compute the number of instructions per second by dividing this value by 12. This gives an instruction frequency of 921583 instructions per second. Inverting this will provide the amount of time taken by each instruction cycle (1.085 microseconds).单片机原理单片机是指一个集成在一块芯片上的完整计算机系统。