中考英语语法总复习之名词
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中考语法考点精讲一名词名词一、名词的分类二.名词的数名词有数的变化,从名词所表示的事物的性质看,可以分为两类:可数名词,不可数名词,1.可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数名词的变化有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(2)不规则变化①只变其中元音字母如:man - men woman - women policeman- policemen , Englishman-Englishmen goose – geese foot - feet tooth - teethmouse - mice child - children口诀:男人女人 a 变e , 鹅足牙oo变ee ,小老鼠也好记,ous 变ic,儿童加上ren ,读音同时要发准。
注:German –Germans (除外)②单复数形式相同。
如:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese,口诀:一个中国人和一个日本人骑着一头绵羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。
2.不可数名词1)概述:英语中的可数与不可数是一个语法概念,与实际生活中某件事物的可数与不可数并不完全一致,因而不能单从意义上加以推测。
1.不可数名词不能和a/an连用;2.不能直接用数字表数量3. 不可数名词没有复数形式,所以后面不能加-s/-es4. 不可数名词作句子的主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
2) 表示方法:不可数名词用some, any, a lot of , little, a little, much表示。
如:I have a little time left.我还剩下一点儿时间。
用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”。
量词可以是单数也可以是复数。
如:a piece of news four glasses of milk five bottles of waterhalf a kilo of …. 半公斤….. two and a half kilos of ….. 两公斤半….. (注:即使数目大于1 但小于2 时,也用复数形式如;1.5公斤, one and a half kilos 或 one and a half 也就是说kilo 放在one and a half 后用复数,只放在one后则用单数)3) 常考的不可数名词:1.流体:water , air ,coffee, tea, milk, wine, juice, oil, honey, porridge,soup, ink2.固体:食品类:rice, bread, salt, butter, cheese, beef,chicken(鸡肉),fish(鱼肉),pork,meat非食品类:paper, glass(玻璃),wood, cotton, rain,snow,chalk3. 表示总称的词:food, fruit, drink, clothing, money, furniture,population4.抽象名词:work,weather, news, advice, music, fun, time, knowledge, information5.研究学科:maths, physics, politics【真题链接】1.______ we had making snowmen last Sunday! (2009天津)A What a great funB What great funC How a great funD how great fun2. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.A. isB. areC. wasD. Were三、名词的所有格名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。
第一章名词名词-———--- 表示人、事物、时间、地点、现象或者抽象概念的名称.可数名词的单数规则变化可数名词的复数不规则变化复合名词的复数变化名词的数集体名词的数常见的不可数名词不可数名词的数不可数名词的数量表达方式专有名词的数名词‘s所有格名词所有格of 所有格双重所有格名词在句中的作用名词的修饰语一、名词的数1。
可数名词的单数:可数名词的单数形式前面一般加冠词a或an,表示“一”的概念.2。
可数名词的复数可数名词的复数构成形式有两种:一种为规则变化,另一种则为不规则变化(其变化形式需要特别记忆)。
(1)规则变化:一般是在名词后加—s或者—es构成,有规律可循。
(2)不规则变化①元音字母发生变化:man —men 男人;woman - women 女人; foot - feet 脚;tooth —teeth 牙齿②词尾发生变化:child —children 孩子;mouse —mice 老鼠③单、复数形式相同:deer 鹿;fish 鱼;sheep 绵羊;Chinese 中国人;Japanese日本人考点提示:单、复数形式相同的名词在使用时,要注意其谓语动词的变化形式:All Chinese are proud of it. 所有中国人都为此感到骄傲.A Japanese is among the visitors. 游客中间有一位是日本人。
④某些集合名词的单数形式具有复数意义:people 人们;police 警察;public 公众⑤有些以—s结尾的名词通常被看做单数形式:physics物理;politics 政治;news新闻⑥有些名词通常只有复数形式:clothes 衣服;trousers裤子;glasses 眼镜(3)复合名词的复数变化①一般情况下只变词尾:classroom —classrooms 教室;highway —highways公路;bookshelf —bookshelves 书架②把中心名词复数:passer—by —passers—by 过路人;looker—on —lookers—on 旁观者③没有中心词,则在最后部分变化:grown—up —grown—ups 成年人考点提示:○German - Germans 德国人human —humans 人类○man或者woman 修饰另一名词时,man 或woman与被修饰的名词都要变为复数:a man doctor —men doctors 男医生;a woman teacher - women teachers 女教师3。
1.名词(n.):名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念,如:boy 男孩,morning 早晨,duty 责任;在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等。
例如:The tomatoes on the table are very fresh. 桌子上的西红柿很新鲜。
(作主语)He is a doctor. 他是个医生。
(作表语)We’ll call the baby Mary. 我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。
(作宾语补足语)英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式,但有时两种形式是相同的。
可数名词单数形式可以与不定冠词连用,例如:a book(一本书);an apple (一个苹果)。
可数名词复数形式可以与few,a few,many,several等连用,例如:a few girls。
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词,不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰,并且不分单复数,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般都是不可数的,例如:milk (牛奶);education(教育)。
2. 可数名词的单数变为复数的规则:(1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
例如:book -books pen -pens eraser -erasers(2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
例如:bus -buses box -boxes watch -watches(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
例如:baby -babies country-countries city -cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
例如:boy -boys toy-toys(4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
初中中考英语语法专题讲解名词要点归纳1.名词——表示人或事物的名称或抽象概念的词。
2.名词的分类:专有名词:表示的是某一特定的人、事物、地方、团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专有的名称。
例:China, Chinese, Sunday, May, Smith, Christmas, Shanghai等。
专有名词书写时首字母一定要大写。
普通名词:表示某一类人或事物,或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。
如:teacher, blackboard, shipschool, family, meat, water, duty, work等。
可数名词:表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,有单数与复数两种形式。
例如:glass, man, bird,desk, book等。
不可数名词:所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
物质名词与抽象名词一般无法有数目计量,都称为不可数名词。
一般只用单数形式,不能在前面加a或an来表示数量。
例如:paper, rice, water, milk, tea等。
3.名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
单数表示一个人或事物,复数表示一个以上的人或事物。
名词单数变复数的形式有规则变化与不规则变化之区别。
4.有关名词数的几个注意事项1.以s sh ch x 结尾的词,加es 如:buses dishes watches boxes2.元音字母o结尾的词,特别是常用词,有生命+es, 无生命+s. 如:Heroes, potatoes, omatoes, hippoes,Photos, videos, radios, pianos以oo结尾的不管有无生命都加s 如zoos.3.以f,fe结尾的词1) 通常变f 为v,再加-es。
如:half—halves, leaf—leaves, wife—wiveslife—lives等2)下列词只加s如: roofs,chiefs3) 有些词加s或es均可.如: scarf, handkerchief等4. 不规则复数形式1)改变元音字母。
【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解(一)名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。
在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。
考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。
另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分's和of的用法。
(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1)一般名词后面加s。
如:month-months,bird-birds。
(2)以s,ss,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es。
如:bus-buses,boss-bosses,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。
(3)以o结尾的名词,有的加es,如:patato-patatoes,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes;有的加s,如:radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es。
如:factory-factories,city-cities。
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加s,如:toy-toys,day-days。
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es。
如:knife-knives,wolf-wolves (例外:roof-roofs,chief-chiefs),scarf-scarfs或scarves。
2)不规则变化(1)改元音字母,构成复数。
如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,fisherman-fishermen,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice(例外:German-Germans,walkman-walkmans,human-humans)。
(2)单复数形式一样。
如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,fish-fish。
5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefsC. eggsD. dumplings6.-How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? -Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success7.______ about the sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice8.The Belt and Road initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve ______ with lots of countries.A. relationshipB. agreementC. environmentD. progress3.名词的所有格: 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。
翻译成:"的"。
如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)。
名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' Teachers' Day, students' books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color of the clothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of 所有格相结合。
名词1、 名词的分类专有名词单数名词表泛指,在前面加a /an.可数名词:有单数和复数之分普通名词 复数形式通常加 -s/-es 不可数名词:没有复数形式 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词 用some/any/a little/a lot of 修饰2) 不规则变化①有些名词以-s结尾,但表达单数意义。
科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls②名词做定语,不用复数形式.e.g. a shoe shop, an apple tree*例外:man, woman作定语时,如果后面的名词是复数,则man, woman也要变。
e.g. a woman teacher → three women teachersa man doctor → many men doctors③people, police做“人们”讲时,看作复数,不能在后面加”-s”,谓语动词用复数形式。
family, class是集体名词,既指单数,又指复数,谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数,具体根据语境而定。
④其前不用冠词a/an或数词,但可用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some,—Look at the clouds, so beautiful!—Wow, so many different _______, horses, sheep, flowers…A. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. stylesThere are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, n o food or drink is allowed inside.A. jobsB. recordsC. rul esD. paintings—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a pr esent, but I don’t know how to use it.—Why not read the _______ first before using it?A. expressionsB. applicationsC. adve rtisementsD. instructionsThese _________ have saved many children’s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor---What would you like to drink, _______or orange? ---Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea3、不可数名词的数1) 可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语:a lot of , lots of, some, a little, little2) 数词+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词e.g. a glass of water → two glasses of watera cup of tea → three cups of tea3) 常用的不可数名词food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work 等.4) 有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时,意思有变化.5) 有些名词,既可以作可数名词,又能做不可数名词,但含义不同Exercises:—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ those days. Is it true?—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.A. chickenB. chickensC. a chickenD. the chickenThe students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ___ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbitI’m so hungry. Please give me ___ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces ofbreads D. three piece of breadI want a sweet milk. Put some ______ in my cup, please.A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar—What a good ______ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.—My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. suggestion D. advice4、名词的所有格分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词所有格在单数后面加-’s The teacher’s officeLily’s photo 以加-s的复数名词后加“’”The teachers’ officeBoys’ games 不以-s 结尾的复数名词后加“-’s”The children’s palace.用and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有时,在后一个词尾加-’s;如果不是,则需要分别加在两个名词后面。
英语中考全面复习——名词1.If you work hard, you’ll get good .A. gradesB. notesC. lessonsD. answers2.You can get much about the World Expo on the Internet.A. mapB. picturesC. ticketD. information3.The customers are pleased with the of the restaurant.A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. service4.Something is wrong with my . I can’t see anything around me.A. noseB. earsC. eyesD. mouth5.Look! The kites in the sky are in different . Some are big and some are small.A. sizeB. sizesC. colourD. colours6.--Why are you still waiting in line? --I’ve missed my .A. placeB. orderC. turnD. time7.--Father’s Day is coming. What should I buy for my father-- Why not ? He likes sports.A. a scarfB. a key ringC. a pair of jeansD. a pair of running shoes8.The British celebrate , which is one of their traditional festivals. Kids are excited about the presents hidden in the stockings(长筒袜).A. the Spring festivalB. New Year’s dayC. ChristmasD. the Middle Autumn9.--Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?--Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are .A. friendsB. neighborsC. classmatesD. strangers10.--What do you have for Paul? --I think he should study harder than before.A. newsB. adviceC. helpD. information11.There will be for the first time in the near future in Ma’anshan.A. busesB. carsC. subwaysD. trains12.After practice, Lang Lang is a well-known pianist now.A. so many yearB. so many yearsC. so many year’sD. so many years’13.I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A. fishB. potatoesC. noodlesD. tomatoes14.--Forests are very important to us, aren’t they?--Yes, if we have more forests, they will help to keep from running away.A. treesB. leavesC. waterD. grass15.Li Bai wrote many wonderful all his life.A. articlesB. poemsC. songsD. handwritings16.--How far is your cousin’s home from here? --It’s about two drive.A. hour’sB. hoursC. hours’D. hour17.I have to speak to my grandma loudly because something is wrong with her .A. eyesB. earsC. legsD. hands18.--What’s your , Rick? --I like collecting coins.A. ageB. nameC. jobD. hobby19.--Why do you get up so early in the morning , Tracy?--I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English.A. planB. wishC. secretD. rule20.--Shall we go shopping now? --Sorry. It’s not the right . I’m too tired.A. wayB. weatherC. placeD. moment21.--You look worried. What’s your ? --I have trouble learning English.A. nameB. questionC. problemD. job22.Paper-making is of ancient China.A. one of greatest inventorB. one of the greatest inventorsC. one of greatest inventionD. one of the greatest inventions23.--How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? --You have to wait for .A. summerB. springC. autumnD. winter24.At the end of the volleyball match, our school won by 3:1.A. membersB. groupC. teamD. fans25.--Bill is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him?--Poor boy. His illness is the of eating unhealthy food.A. resultB. causeC. reasonD. end26.--Hurry up, Jack! --Just give me five minutes to put my desk in .A. timeB. lineC. orderD. shape27.Betty likes very much. She draws pictures everyday.A. artB. musicC. sportD. science28.--Would you like something to drink? -- , please.A. MeatB. RiceC. WaterD. Bread29.They got much on the Internet.A. photoB. ideasC. messageD. information30.I’m hungry. Can you give me ?A. some slice of breadB. some slices of breadC. some breads31.Could you send me to tell me something about your visit in America?A. a ticketB. an e-mailC. a TV setD. a watch32.--I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the . --A map is helpful, I think.A. priceB. wayC. timeD. ticket33.The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert.A. farmersB. doctorsC. driversD. singers34.Mike and his friend are going to the to see the new action movie tonight.A. bookshopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema35.There is good for you.A. newsB. ideasC. messagesD. thoughts36.I wonder why are interested in action films.A. peopleB. peoplesC. the peopleD. the peoples37.The farmer raised ten .A. sheepsB. deersC. horseD. cows38.My mother bought me last Saturday.A. two trousersB. two pair of trousersC. two pairs of trousersD. two pairs trousers39.is nice and clean.A. The air todayB. The today airC. The air of todayD. The airs40.--Where is Tom? --He’s left saying that he has something important to do.A. an excuseB. a sentenceC. newsD. a message。