兰迪·波许（Randy Pausch ），美国Carnegie Mellon大学计算机系教授，因晚期癌症于2008年7月25日去世，享年47岁。
在去世前的10个月，也就是2007年9月18日，他做过一个著名的演说《最后一课》（The Last Lecture），回顾了自己的一生。
这篇演说反响极大，数百万人观看了网上的视频，ABC电视网将他选为"2007年度人物"之一，《时代》杂志将他列入了"世界上影响最大的100人"，同名书籍至今仍然排在"畅销书（建议类）"的榜首。
1.在演说的第一部分，波许教授说，他童年的梦想是体验失重状态，但是一直无法实现。
他当上了教授以后，终于出现了一个机会。
当时，美国宇航局（NASA）组织了一次大学生竞赛，优胜团队将被送到高空，体验25秒失重状态。
波许教授指导的参赛队，获得了第一名。
但是，NASA告诉他，只有学生才能飞上天空，指导老师不行。
他就急了，要求将身份改为校报的随队记者，因为记者可以一起飞。
NASA说："你这样做，太明目张胆了吧。
"波许教授回应说，我们做个交易吧。
我把自己的最新研究成果----"虚拟现实"头盔----带过来，让学生向新闻界当场演示。
这一定会让你们的这次活动受到关注，登上各大媒体，获得巨大的新闻效应。
NASA一听，就同意让他飞了。
所以，波许教授的第一个人生经验就是：Have something to bring to the table, because that will make you more welcome. 你必须要有一些真本领，这样可以让你更受欢迎。
2.接着，他又回忆了，他小时候最喜欢打橄榄球。
可是，第一次上橄榄球课，老师却是空着手来的，没有带球。
其他小朋友问："老师，没有球怎么上课啊？"老师反问："橄榄球场上一共有几个人？"小朋友们答道："每队11人，一共22人。
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Computer Science15-499C/15-881,Fall1997Introduction to GeometryInstructor:Michael Erdmann(me+@)Guest Instructor:Yanxi Liu(yanxi+@)Location:Scaife324Time:TR10:30–11:50TA:German(german+@)Office Hours:by appointment1Course OutlineThis course will cover elementary differential and computational geometry.The purpose of the course is to prepare a student for advanced geometrical work in robotics and computer science.Increasingly,cutting-edge results in these areas require a working knowledge of differential geometry,algebraic geometry,algebraic topology, and computational geometry.Much of this work is inaccessible to a student just entering thefield.In this course we will convey the basic tools,definitions,and results of differential geometry and the basic algorithms of computational geometry,so that a student can,either by self-study or through further courses,understand and implement the advanced results in computer science and robotics discovered in the past decade.We will touch upon some of these applications in the course.In particular,we will consider the robot motion planning problem as a core application.The topics are:Motion Planning:Configuration Space,Visibility Graph,Non-Holonomic MotionPlanning,Forces in Cspace.Frame Fields:Curves,Frenet Formulas,Covariant Derivatives,Differential Forms,Connection Forms,Structural Equations.Calculus on Surfaces:Surfaces,Patches,Tangent V ectors,Mappings,Differential Forms,Integration on Surfaces,Manifolds.Shape Operators:Surface Shape Operator,Normal Curvature,Gaussian Curvature.Point and Range Queries:One shot,repeated query,slab method,multidimensional binary tree.Convex Hull Algorithms:Lower bounds,sorting reduction,2D algorithms(Graham’s Scan,Jarvis’March,Quickhull,Mergehull),dynamic convex hull,higher-dimensional algorithms(gift-wrapping,beneath-beyond),3D convexhull.Proximity Algorithms:V oronoi diagram,triangulations,Euclidean minimum spanning tree.Plane Sweep:Polygon union and intersection.Prerequisites for this course are minor,but important.Calculus and linear algebra should be sufficient from the mathematics side,while fundamental data structures and algorithms should be sufficient from the computer science side.The course will consist of a series of intensive lectures.It is expected that a student will spend a few hours each day digesting the material of the lectures and solving some related homework problems. Grades will be based primarily on the homework,and possibly an exam.The course may be taken at either the undergraduate or the graduate levels.Students taking the class for graduate credit will be asked to prepare a project,either a paper or an implementation of an advanced topic.2BibliographyHere are some good texts for background reading.The course texts are the books by O’Neill and Preparata&Shamos.1.W.M.Boothby,An Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds and RiemannianGeometry,Academic Press,New York,1975.2.H.Edelsbrunner,Algorithms in Combinatorial Geometry,Springer-V erlag,Berlin,1987.tombe,Robot Motion Planning,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Boston,1991.4.B.O’Neill,Elementary Differential Geometry,Academic Press,New York,1966.2nd Edition:1997.5.F.P.Preparata and M.I.Shamos,Computational Geometry,Springer-V erlag,NewYork,1985.(Corrected and expanded printing:1988.)6.M.Spivak,Differential Geometry,Publish or Perish,Berkeley,1979.3ScheduleHere is an approximate schedule for the semester.This is subject to change as we seehow quickly we cover the material.AugustLecture Day1T2RDate TopicSep2Dual Spaces,1-Forms4RSep9Mappings6RSep16Frenet Formulas8RSep23Non-holonomic Motions,Connection Forms,Structural Equations 10RSep30Manifolds:configuration space,embeddings,differential forms OctoberLecture Day12ROct7Shape Operator,examples,normal acceleration14ROct14Gauss Theorem,surface area16ROct21Datastructure preliminaries(e.g.,segment tree,DCEL) 18ROct28Range searching,point location20RNovemberLecture Day21TNov6Convex Hull in2D(definitions,theorems,Graham’s scan) 23TNov13Higher Dimensional Convex Hull25TNov20V oronoi Diagram algorithm,Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree,Triang.27TNov27ThanksgivingDecemberLecture Day28TDec4open。
·综 述·近日节律与癌症研究进展#应俊杰* 李世平 屈艺△（四川大学华西第二医院儿科/出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室，四川 成都，610041） 摘要 近日节律调控许多生理过程和行为，包括睡眠、新陈代谢等，具有24小时振荡模式。
流行病学研究发现，环境变化（如轮班工作）导致的节律紊乱与癌症的发生有关，但分子机制尚不清楚。
现有研究表明，节律基因在癌细胞中的表达谱发生改变，近日节律对细胞分化和新陈代谢的调控作用可能影响肿瘤发生发展过程。
以近日节律为指导的时间疗法，已在癌症治疗中有了经验性的应用，但对疗效的评价一致性较差，缺乏明确的机制指导。
因此，探究近日节律与癌症发生发展的分子机制，是有效利用近日节律治疗癌症的关键。
关键词：近日节律；癌症；细胞分化；新陈代谢；时间疗法#基金项目：国家自然科学基金（编号：81172174，81771634，81701500）；*作者简介：应俊杰，男，助理研究员，主要从事神经生物学和时间生物学研究，Email ：*********************； △通讯作者：屈艺，女，教授，主要从事儿科学和神经科学研究，Email ：******************。
近日节律又称昼夜节律，具有24小时振荡模式，可调节机体包括睡眠、新陈代谢和细胞分裂在内的多种重要的生理过程和行为。
近日节律的中枢位于下丘脑视交叉上核（Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ，SCN ），是核心生物钟的中央起搏器[1]。
外周组织（如肝脏、肾脏、皮肤、小肠、肺、卵巢和心脏等）的细胞自身也存在节律性，形成外周节律。
一方面，SCN 与环境信号（如光照）同步，调控相关分子24小时的节律振荡；另一方面，SCN 还通过神经和体液调节，同步外周节律系统，从而维持机体的生理稳态[2, 3]。
随着对近日节律的研究不断深入，研究者们发现近日节律与人类的很多疾病息息相关，其中就包括癌症[4-6]。
