2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12【主谓一致】
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，
即: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
考点一、语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例：All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals
in farming is damaging our health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as,
like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例：The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was
given a chance to go abroad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
主谓一致与倒装句
主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它要求句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致错误会导致句子的构成混乱，影响语言的准确性和流畅性。另外，在一些特定的情况下，倒装句也被广泛应用。本文将详细探讨主谓一致和倒装句的使用规则和例子。
一、主谓一致
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般来说，如果主语是单数第三人称，则谓语动词需要加上-s或-es；如果主语是复数，谓语动词则保持原形。主谓一致错误的例子如下：
1. 错误：He like coffee. (正确：He likes coffee.)
2. 错误：The dogs is barking. (正确：The dogs are barking.)
二、主谓一致规则
1. 单数主语：单数主语需要用单数形式的谓语动词。
例子：
- The sun shines brightly.
- My friend plays the piano.
2. 复数主语：复数主语需要用复数形式的谓语动词。
例子：
- The students are studying for the exam. - Cats like to chase mice.
3. 不可数名词：不可数名词作为主语时，需要用单数形式的谓语动词。
例子：
- Water is essential for life.
- Music brings people joy.
4. 主语连接词：如果主语由两个或更多的部分组成，用and连接，那么需要用复数形式的谓语动词。
例子：
- Tom and Jerry are good friends.
- His parents work in a hospital.
5. 复数名词指一类事物：当复数名词指代一类事物时，需要用单数形式的谓语动词。
例子：
- Mathematics is my favorite subject.
主谓一致
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
（1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.
（2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.
（3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致
1.And
（1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.
（2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
（3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many
a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.
（4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.
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高考英语语法专题讲解-主谓一致
★着重讲解混搭情况，均遵守以下原则:
1. 意义一致原则
主语后跟有以下引起的短语：谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。
1.1 (together) with: Alice (together) with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
1.2 except/but: Every picture except/ but these two has been sold.
Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
1.3 no less than: His sister, no less than you, is wrong.
1.4 rather than: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
1.5 perhaps : Peter, perhaps John, is playing with the little dog.
1.6 like: He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
1.7 including/ besides/ as well as
2. 就近原则
2.1 主语由以下连词连接：谓语动词与后一个主语一致:
2.2.1(Either)„or„: Either you or I am going to the movies.
2.2.2 Neither„nor„
2.2.3 Whether„or…
2.2.4 Not only„but (also)
2.2.5 Not…but…
2.2 there be 句型: be 动词与后面第一个名词一致
