英语主谓一致讲解PPT课件
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1 英语语法讲解——主谓一致
英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式. 主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结:
一, 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1.由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数.
如: A young man and a girl want to go there.
一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里.
但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如:
A needle and thread was found on the floor.
在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针).
2. 当each ...and each..., every...and every..., no...and
no..., many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如:
①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.
在月球上没发现人和动物.
②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.
2 许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作.
3.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复数.如:
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.
古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程.
但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数.如:
The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.
一.概念:
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:
主谓一致(讲解)
1 / 3 主谓一致
一、概念:主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
二、要点扫描:
(一)、谓语动词用单数的情况
1.由and 连接几个并列的(名词,代词,动名词,不定式……),并表示同一概念或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
The(A) singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位(一位)歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.不断尝试是我们获得知识的源泉。 Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.
When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided.
2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, every , each , more than one , many a (an)修饰时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
every…and every … / each …and each… /many a …and many a … / no…and no…
Every student and every teacher is in the room.
No boy and no girl likes it.
3表示距离,时间,金钱,书名等的词做主语时, 谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three years has passed since then.
Six hundred miles is a long distance. 4.不定式,动名词,从句做主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Smoking is a bad habit.
To see is to believe.
What we need is more time.
1 英语主谓一致
考点一:语法一致原则
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
1.当and或both…and…连接表示不同概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
e.g. Tom and Mike are good friends.
Both Lucy and Lily are students.
1)但若成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Bread and butter 黄油抹面包 knife and fork 刀叉
2)The A and B作主语表示同一概念,谓语用单数;
The A and the B作主语,谓语用复数
3)由each…and (each)…, every…and (every)…, many a…and (many a), no…and no…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
e.g.Each boy and (each) girl was given a new book.
2.主语后面有:as well as, more than, rather than, no less than, but, like, except, besides, including, with, together with, along
with等时,谓语的单复数由主语的单复数来决定。
e.g. Mr Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.
3.一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词(trousers, glasses, scissors, shoes, gloves, socks, pants, shorts等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
e.g. Her glasses are new.
但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语用单数。