西南交通大学研究生 科技英语翻译 期末复习题

1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoesto rise above the water.这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。

After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it.澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not.虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。

成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。

失败者则不然。

Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。

科技英语翻译复习重点（英译汉篇）一、词语意思翻译1.A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.（直译法）紧固件是指将两个或多个物体通过机械方法固定在一起的硬件装置。

2.Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction ofa specified need or to solve an engineering problem.（直译法）机械设计的目的是为满足特定需求而绘制工程图纸或解决工程问题。

3.In the1970s,integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors futher decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers.（增词法）20世纪70年代，集成电路技术的发展和后续的微处理器的发明进一步缩小了计算机的尺寸，降低了价格，同时加快了运行速度，提高了可靠性。

4.A power reactor has no need of oil,for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of nuclear fission,not of combustion.（增词法）原子动力反应堆不需要油，因为铀堆中所产生的热是核裂变的结果，而不是燃烧的结果。

5.The elementary mechanical components of a machine are termed machine elements.These elements consist of three basic types:structural components, mechanisms,and control components.（省略法）机器的基本机械构件称为机械零件，包括三种基本类型，即：结构构件、机械构件和控制构件。

1、本文开发了一种XX装置，可大大提高YY系统的稳定性与抗干扰能力。

This paper developed a device of XX,which could greatly enhance the stability and anti-jamming ability of YY system2、从实验结果可以看出，当X值升高的时候，Y值也将随之升高，而Z值却呈下降趋势。

至于W值的少许波动，作者认为可能是环境温度造成的结果。

如果溶液浓度或电流密度能控制的话，这种现象就会得到缓减甚至消除。

It can be seen from the experimental results that when XX increases,YYwill also increase and (however,)ZZ shows a decreasing tendency ,As for the slight fluctuation of WW, the author thanks(accordiing to author’s opinion)it may be caused by…(result from…) If the solution concentration or current density could be controlled stable,this phenomenon may acquire alleviation even elimination ,on this problem XX et al have explained in a scientific report about.3、实验结果表明，该装置的各项有关参数均符合国家工业标准，而且耐候性能大大优于进口同类产品，填补了我国在该领域的空白，也为进一步开发高性能高压电器（high-voltage apparatus）打下了良好的基础。

科技英语翻译联系200句transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。

is not until wires are connected that the path is completed.直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。

odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing.对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。

design is of an art rather than an exact science.与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。

rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。

and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors.凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。

is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes.海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。

everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。

1答案请写在答题纸上。

Part one: Sentence Translation(30%)1.为此，必须对电路(circuit)的基本内容有一个很好的了解。

2.这个系数(coefficient)有待确定。

3.现有的教科书均没有提这一点。

4.由于反馈(feedback)在电子线路(electronic circuit)中起着重要作用，所以对它的研究极为重要。

5.有迹象表明，计算机的价格将进一步下跌。

6.这个方法的确管用，不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。

7.十年前该厂的产量比现在高五倍。

8.激光(laser)是二十世纪六十年代引入的一项新技术，它能穿透(pierce)特别硬的物质。

9.为使晶体管(transistor)正常工作，必须给其电极(electrode)加(apply)上合适的电压(voltage)。

10.代表磁场(magnetic field)的磁力线(magnetic line of force)是一些围绕该导线的同心圆(concentric circle)。

11.我们所谓的机器人(robot)实际上是能为人类做工的一种工具。

12.这类天线(antenna)和那类天线相比的优点是结构简单，效率高。

13.半导体(semiconductor)对光和热都很敏感(sensitive)，这两者都对导电率(conductivity)影响很大。

14.只有通过对系统性能进行研究我们才能了解其优缺点。

15.本书既讲了实际的设计方法，同时也讲述了理论问题，而重点放在一般概念上。

Part two: Mistakes Correction(30%)(Write down the corrected sentence on the answer sheet. )1. We are easy to determine the effect of new drug to patient.2. The direction of an electric current was decided before electrons were not discovered.3. Sound travel much less faster than light is.4. The price for this instrument is expensive.5. There are a few exceptions for this rule.6. The hotter the body will be, the more it radiates energy.7. The feature of this device is small in size and light in weight.8. That professor is very interesting in this topic.9. Our semiconductor industry comes into being at the end of 1950s.10. The both engineers are busy to design a type of new computer.11. Work equals to force multiplying distance.12. The new design instrument is in good quality.13. The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as theradioactivity.Part three:Read this article, translate the underlined sentences(15%), answer the questions (15%)and then summarize this article within 100 words (10%).The Dazzle of Lasers(激光)The acronym（首字母缩写词）"laser," describes how the device works: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In 1916 Einstein predicted that electrons(电子) in an atom could be deliberately stimulated to emit photons（光子） (light energy) of a certain wavelength. He was right. The laser must first be "pumped" with energy in a variety of ways so that the electrons are excited into higher energy states. But these high energy electrons are unstable--and fall back to a lower energy level. On the way down, their extra energy is released（释放）as light. That light is captured inside the laser and amplified by bouncing it back and forth between mirrors. The laser beam that emerges is amplified, monochromatic （单色的）, coherent light --and it shines with an unearthly power.Not until 1960 did Theodore Maiman, a 33-year-old engineer at Hughes Research Laboratories, build a homely four-inch cylinder containing a ruby rod encircled by a flash tube: the world's first working laser.More than two decades later, the laser has wrought a technological revolution. Lasers are an indispensable tool for delicate eye surgery, and doctors are using lasers experimentally to destroy cancerous tumors(肿瘤), unclog（使畅通） diseased arteries （动脉） and even treat herpes（疱疹）. Just as they provide new tools for health care, however, they also make possible new engines of destruction: recently Dr. Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb（氢弹）, called on President Reagon to urge that the United States build a space-based laser-weapon system that would use a nuclear bomb to fire brutally intense laser X-rays against enemy missiles in flight.Today pilots flying the new Boeing 767 and 757 aircraft navigate with the aid of new laser gyroscopes（陀螺仪）. Supermarket clerks use lasers to ring up prices at the checkout counter by "reading" universal bar-codes（条形码） printed on packages and canned goods. Powerful lasers cut and weld（焊） steel in factories from Detroit to Tokyo. Artists and filmmakers are beginning to use lasers for animation（动画）: at Lucasfilm, George Lucas has a team of computer wizards（奇才） developing a machinethat uses a computer-driven laser to draw animated images on film; a second film, with human actors, is then merged by laser with the graphics into a single seamless （无缝的） whole.How does the laser work? Anyone who has ever focused sunlight through a magnifying glass and watched paper or dry leaves snap into flames understands the power of concentrated light. Laser light is intense, concentrated light, too, but it works on a different principle. Shine sunlight through a prism（棱镜） and it breaks into the glorious colors of the rainbow. In the scientists' vocabulary, sunlight is "incoherent" --it is made up of a mix of wavelengths spanning the spectrum（光谱）from infrared（红外线） to ultraviolet（紫外线）. Laser light, on the other hand, is monochromatic and coherent－it shines at a single wavelength, and all the light waves march together in step like soldiers on parade（游行）.In the two decades since its invention, the laser has undergone a dramatic transformation: a wide variety of gas, solid-state, diode（二极管） and other lasers has been created. Each shines at a different wavelength; some pulse on and off, others operate continuously.When the laser moved out of the laboratory, one of its first and most significant applications was as a medical tool. Lasers are commonly used for delicate surgery inside the eye. In treating blood-vessel disorders resulting from complications(并发症) of diabetes（糖尿病）, doctors aim a fine beam of argon laser light（氩激光） through the pupil（瞳孔） of the eye and place up to 2000 tiny laser burns very closely around the back portion of the retina（视网膜）. These laser "welds" prevent harmful growth or rupture（断裂） of new, unwanted blood vessels.The very properties that make lasers dangerous --power and heat--are also being put to use to destroy some kinds of brain and spinal（脊髓的） tumors. Lasers have brought a new frontier to neurosurgery（神经外科）. They have made some inoperable tumors operable and high-risk tumors less high risk.Warfare is also changing as laser technology advances. Laser guidance systems have brought once unimaginable accuracy to artillery（炮）. In the near future, higher-intensity lasers may be used to blind the electronic sensory systems of aircraft, missiles, tanks and ships. And ultimately, some visionaries insists, the globe could be surrounded by a platoon（排） of orbiting battle stations armed with lasers capable of destroying planes and missiles within seconds of their beinglaunched.Just as they are opening new doors to medicine and military practices, lasers are also having a profound impact on communications. Instead of sunbeams, today's light-wave communication systems use laser light ricocheting through tiny glass fibers. Lasers generate light waves at extraordinarily high frequencies--in the range of trillions of cycles per second --which makes it possible to transmit enormous quantities of information. In addition, fiber-optic cables are cheaper than copper wire and are not subject to electromagnetic interference, or the annoying cross talk（串话） and static that plague（折磨） current systems. The big breakthrough was the semiconductor laser.Someday laser light may be piped through giant optic cables into deep ocean waters to create undersea farms; it may be beamed into space to talk to orbiting space stations. Lasers also may be used to fire extremely precise light pulses at DNA molecules, altering the structure of chromosomes（染色体） and thereby repairing defective genes --or even creating new forms of life. And eventually billions of lasers will link the world in a vast information network, a global village of light.1.How does the laser work?2.What is the difference between sunlight and the laser?3.Is the laser absolutely safe? If not, please explain.4.What are the advantages of the semiconductor laser in the communications field?5.In what fields is the laser applied?Part one:1.For this purpose, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the fundamentals of thecircuit.2.This coefficient remains to be determined.3.None of the textbook available mentions this point.4.Since feedback plays an important role in the electronic circuit, its study is very important.5.There is an indication that the price of computers will fall further.6.This method does work, but it is not clear in what condition it is that it should be used.7.The output of this factory 10 years ago is 6 times what it is now.8. A new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce very hard substances.9.For the transistor to work normally, it is necessary to apply a proper voltage across theelectrode.10.The magnetic lines of force representing the magnetic field are some concentric circlessurrounding the wire.11.What is called a robot is a tool which can do work for the human being.12.This type of antenna has the advantages over that one of simple structure and high efficiency.13.Semiconductors are sensitive to light and hear, both of which have a great impact onconductivity.14.Only through a study of the system’s performance is it possible to know its advantages anddisadvantages.15.This book discusses both practical design method and theoretical problems with emphasis onthe basic concept.Part two:1.It is easy to determine the effect of the new drug on the patient.2.The direction of the electric current had been decided before electrons were discovered.3.Sound travels much more slowly that light does.4.This instrument is expensive.5.There are a few exceptions to this rule.6.The hotter the body is, the more energy it radiates.7.This device is small and light.8.That professor is much interested in this topic.9.Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.10.Both the engineers are busy designing a new type of computer.11.Work equals force multiplied by distance.12.The newly designed instrument is good in quality.13.The ability of some elements ot give off radiations is referred as the radioactivity.Part three:Translation:1. 20多年前，激光引发了一场技术革命。

【科技英语翻译】考题整理1、The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before,这种被视为废物的辐射使 X 射线科学发声了一场革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了 100 万倍。

2、If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it. 要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。

3 、Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled. 机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。

4 、Cool slowly to minimize cracking. 要慢慢冷却，以最大限度的减少开裂。

5、Don`t let the stresses inside the material exceed the elastic limit, or else permanent deformation will result.不要使材料的应力超过弹性极限，否则会产生永久变形。

6 、Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

7 、Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。

UNIT23. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1如果能够充分满足制造量子计算机所需的条件,量子纠错就能消除物理上合理的计算误差及退相干过程所带来的影响。

2虽然这个极限视具体情况而定,但大家达成一个共识:为了实现可扩展性要求,一个量子门运用中所产生的错误率必须小于0.0001。

(错误概率是一种不太精确的量化量子计算过程错误的方法。

3满足这些要求的一个量子位的储存器已经面世了,两个量子位的储存器也快了。

4已经进行了大量实验,包括核磁共振系统(量子位与分子中核自旋相关和光学系统(用光子实现量子位。

5理想情况下,所有的(量子计算应基于一些基本元件,利用这些元件的量子特性所需的额外资源远少于用它们进行经典计算时所需。

UNIT33. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 为了成功打击网络犯罪,我们必须保持警惕并且一起来对付犯罪者。

这需要全球政府间的通力合作以使网络罪犯陷入绝境。

2 今天的网络犯罪已经变得更加复杂,他们的攻击目标更明确,更具破坏性和更难以侦测,也就是说,在破坏被发现之前可能已经过去几天甚至几个星期了。

3 该犯罪绝大多数是出于经济目的,通常采取的形式是罪犯拦截金融证书凭据,以攻击银行账户。

4 除了大多数企业基本上都知道的并且有预防措施来阻止的病毒,今天对企业网络的最大忧虑来自于对域名和路由系统的操纵。

5 企业需要了解其日常运作所面临的威胁,而政府需要与私营部门共同采取行动,实施正确措施来产生实质的影响。

UNIT43. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1众多技术权威声称因特网具有革命性,改变着一切;随着这种言论,我们这个时代的一般趋势似乎认为历史已经停滞不前。

2产生的影响之一是在当今更加注重变化与速度、而忽视保护与长期的电子纪元,我们如何保存历史记录。

3我们即将跨入数字产品的电子纪元。

MTI科技翻译课程期末翻译练习⼀、汉译英汉译英⼀、01.景德镇四⼤名瓷概述 景德镇瓷器造型优美，品种繁多，装饰丰富，风格独特。

瓷质“⽩如⽟、明如镜、薄如纸、声如磬”，景德镇陶瓷艺术是中国⽂化宝库中的重要财富。

景德镇瓷雕制作可以追溯到⼀千四百多年前，远在隋代就有“狮”、“象”、⼤曾的制作。

当代的景德镇，瓷雕⼯艺精湛，⼯艺种类齐全，有园雕、捏雕、镂雕、浮雕等；千姿百态、栩栩如⽣；装饰丰富，有⾼温⾊温、釉下五彩、青花⽃彩、新花粉彩等；艺术表现⼒强，有的庄重浑厚，有的典雅清新，有的富丽堂煌，鲜艳夺⽬。

青花、玲珑、粉彩、颜⾊釉，合称景德镇四⼤传统名瓷，薄胎瓷称神奇珍品，雕塑瓷为我国传统⼯艺美术品。

⼀、粉彩瓷早在清朝康熙后期，景德镇的粉彩瓷就已问世，雍正时相当精致，乾隆年间达到很⾼的艺术⽔平。

“珠⼭⼋友”留下很多粉彩画的瓷器珍品，其领袖⼈物王琦，将⼀般的绘瓷⽅法应⽤于绘瓷板⼈物像，画持精深，画风新颖，被⼈们称为“神技”。

新中国成⽴后，粉彩瓷更有长⾜的发展，许多具有健康、清新、⼤⽅特⾊的新作琳琅满⽬。

艺术瓷⼚⽣产“福寿牌”粉彩瓷获国家⾦奖。

⼆、玲珑瓷 青花玲珑瓷是在明宣德年间镂空⼯艺的基础上创造和发展起来的，已有五百多年的历史。

它融青花技术之长，集镂雕艺术之妙，玲珑剔透，精巧细腻，具有清新明快之感。

据记载，清代景德镇御窑⼚制作的玲珑瓷就已具较⾼⽔平，但产量甚少，仅供宫廷使⽤。

瓷⼯⽤⼑⽚在坯胎上镂成点点⽶粒状，被⼈们称为“⽶通”，⼜叫玲珑眼，再填⼊玲珑釉料，并配上青花装饰，⼊窑烧制⽽成。

它显得灵巧、明彻、透剔，特别⾼雅秀洁。

在清代，瓷⼯把青花和玲珑巧妙地结合⼀体，形成了⼈⼈喜爱的青花玲珑瓷。

碧绿透明的玲珑和⾊呈翠兰的青花互为衬托，相映⽣辉，给⼈以⼀种特殊的美感。

玲珑瓷以玲珑剔透、晶莹雅致⽽蜚声中外。

如今青花玲珑不仅在⽇⽤中西餐茶具、酒具上普遍运⽤，⽽且已扩展到各种花瓶、花插、花钵、以及吊灯、壁灯、⽪灯等各式灯具。

科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。

驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。

第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管我们知道空间狭窄第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。

双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成 1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。

英语科技翻译考试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "nanotechnology" refers to the technology that deals with structures on a scale of ________.A. nanometersB. millimetersC. centimetersD. meters答案：A2. In the context of artificial intelligence, "neural network" is a model inspired by ________.A. human brainB. computer algorithmsC. natural languageD. mechanical engineering答案：A3. The process of converting solar energy into electricity is known as ________.A. photosynthesisB. thermodynamicsC. solar photovoltaicsD. nuclear fusion答案：C4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a quantum computer?A. SuperpositionB. EntanglementC. DeterministicD. Quantum tunneling答案：C5. The term "biotechnology" is often associated with the manipulation of ________.A. electronic devicesB. living organismsC. chemical compoundsD. geological formations答案：B6. In the field of robotics, "actuator" refers to a component that ________.A. senses the environmentB. processes informationC. moves or controls a mechanismD. stores energy答案：C7. "Internet of Things" (IoT) involves the interconnection of everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data,which is based on ________.A. cloud computingB. artificial intelligenceC. machine learningD. traditional networking答案：A8. The abbreviation "AI" stands for ________.A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Artificial InputC. Advanced InterfaceD. Automated Interaction答案：A9. "Genetic engineering" involves the ________ of an organism's genes.A. removalB. additionC. modificationD. replication答案：C10. "Cybersecurity" is concerned with protecting ________.A. physical infrastructureB. digital informationC. environmental resourcesD. financial assets答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The smallest unit of data in computing is called a________.答案：bit2. A ________ is a type of computer system designed to recognize, interpret, and simulate human actions.答案：robot3. In computer science, "algorithm" refers to a well-defined procedure that produces an answer to a ________.答案：problem4. The study of the behavior and interactions of dispersed phase(s) in a fluid medium is known as ________.答案：fluid mechanics5. A ________ is a device that uses light to transmit information.答案：fiber optic6. The process of converting data into a format that can be easily shared or analyzed is called ________.答案：data mining7. "Virtual reality" is a computer-generated simulation of a ________ environment.答案：three-dimensional8. The ________ is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and processed.答案：protocol9. A ________ is a type of computer program that canreplicate itself and often spread to other computers.答案：virus10. "Machine learning" is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn from and make decisions based on ________.答案：data三、阅读理解题（每题5分，共30分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。

Part I: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (15%)1. ____________________(爱因斯坦相对论)is the only one which can explain such phenomena.2. Rate of penetration was found to ____________________ (与……成正比) the net pressure applied by the tool.3. Being a ______________(非良导体/绝缘体), rubber is often used in cables.4. Properly speaking, ___________(并非所有的物质) exist in three states.5. An electric current produces ______________(磁场) around it.6. With the result of automation, productivity has ______________ (增加了5倍) in that factory.7. Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current ______________(仅次于银).8. The neutron has __________________(既不带正电荷，也不带负电荷).9. When the water temperature is increased, it vaporized more quickly until it reaches ________（沸点）.10. A __________(变压器) is a very useful device, even though it can be sued only with alternating current.Part Ⅱ: Choose the better rendition for each of the following sentences.(20%)1.由于我在会上发表论文，如蒙介绍有关会议的详细情况，不胜感激。

科技英语翻译练习题按照要求翻译下列句子1．无主句：（1）要是没有广阔的工程学领域里所拥有的种种技术的话，那么，绝不可能有今天的文明。

---Without the skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization could never have evolved.（2）为了了解人们当今所处的环境，并使自己能适应环境，就要求具有一定的科学素养。

---To understand one‟s environment today and to be able to adapt oneself to it demand some appreciation of the scientific attitude.（3）随着工艺水平的进一步提高，对工程材料的性能提出了新的需求。

---As our technology advances further there will be a demand and need for new performance from engineering materials.（4）进入发动机的一部分空气绕过压气机和燃烧室，由风扇沿通道外侧向后推动，因此它以相当快的速度从发动机后部排出。

---A certain proportion of the air which enters the engine by-passes the compressor and combustion chambers, and is impelled by the fan down the outside of the duct, so that it is expelled at considerable velocity from the rear of the engine.（5）通往科学这个无比美好的广阔领域的方式方法已经展现在我们的面前。

西南交通大学研究生2015-2016学年 第(1)学期期末考试试卷 课程名称 研究生学术英语读写译 课程代码 51321001 考试形式 课程论文院 系 学 号 姓 名 密封装订线 密封装订线 密封装订线Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) at a tunnel conference in 1970, at which tunnel was defined as ‘A underground cavity, whose cross-sectional area is larger than 2, that is(1993), the initial stress can be calculated by:where is the gravity stress; is the tectonic stress (Guo, Ma, & Xue, 1983).The tectonic stress is so complicated that…This paper ignores tectonic stress, in otherIn Figure 1, 、are both the gravity stress in the center of tunnel. They are calculated by: where is the depth of the center of tunnel…the solution of stress and relative tunnel; E is the elastic modulus;is the Poisson’s ratio…The scale of the model is . The parameters of the rock are.radial distance is smaller than 5 to 6 times of the tunnel radius… The impact of lateral pressure coefficient has not been studied. The software of ABAQUS can be used to solve thisi Several scholars have offered their explanations on…。

词类转译I. Noun converting to verbs:1.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven ornear the horizon.2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。

3.High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.4.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。

5.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.6.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。

7.He is an enemy to reform.8.他反对改革。

9.Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach andcooperation.10.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。

11.. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.12.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。

13.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。

A. 具有动态意义的名词（1）“… of …” 结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染2. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。

【科技英语翻译】考题整理1、The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before,这种被视为废物的辐射使X射线科学发声了一场革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了100万倍。

2、If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it. 要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。

3、Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled.机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。

4、Cool slowly to minimize cracking. 要慢慢冷却，以最大限度的减少开裂。

5、Don`t let the stresses inside the material exceed the elastic limit, or else permanent deformation will result.不要使材料的应力超过弹性极限，否则会产生永久变形。

6、Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

7、Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。

科技英语翻译总复习答案科技英语翻译总复习答案总复习题(3~7章)第三章1. Other factors affect the configuration of the total system其他因素影响整个系统的结构2. In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage正常飞行时，舱门与机身平整贴合3. Energy can neither be created ,nor destroyed by any means known to man 用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量4. It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity 习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称作高设计级或低设计级5. The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continues train without uncoupling此系统的主要经济之处在于它能够移动列车的车厢而不必将他们脱钩分开6. He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer他对于电子计算机的操作是陌生的7. A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance 系统能力计划中的关键因素是性能的经济成本8 The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set这种汇编程序能把汇编代码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集9 The flame does not touch the flask directly烧瓶没有直接接触火焰10. The study of the strength of solids involves the study ofthe defects in the crystalline structure研究固体强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷11. The problem was solved by the provision of a compensation jet通过安装一个补偿喷头，解决了这个问题12 The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere铁元素生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象13. The decay or organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air 有机物的腐烂是空气中氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程14. In order to improve a certain kind of battery , Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50000 experiments 为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近50000次试验第四章1. The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因2. Be the shape of a baby complicated, it is possible to find outits volume 不论物体的形状如何复杂，人们均可求出它的体积3.The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage 要求输送的电能越多，就得使电压升的越高4.The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm 机器人最具人性化的特点是它的机械臂5. In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance 我们研究第一定律时，可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。

西南交通大学2018－2019学年第二学期期末考试试卷课程代码课程名称英语Ⅱ 考试时间120 分钟Part 1 Reading ComprehensionDirections: Fill in the blanks in the following passage(s) by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.It's funny. We're living in this bold new world of technology. Everything is supposed to be getting simpler. Unfortunately, I've been feeling exactly the opposite. With each new ____that is supposed to save me time, I feel like I am getting further and further behind. From my viewpoint, life today just seems to be _____ more stressful than it used to be. At work, I have become so tense that I can hardly smile. I am having a hard time controlling my temper and_____ my anger. Some people think that I am being _____ and avoid talking to me. My boss came in the other day and said that my behavior was becoming _____ for him in keeping peace in the office. He recommended that I go for some ______ treatment. "I've always liked you, William," he said, "but you need to maintain your ______ here at work. Lately, you just don't seem to be yourself." I ended up going to see a specialist in on-the-job psychological behavior. I explained my _____ to him. He said that, in fact, the real problem is how I _____ my daily routine. He told me that I need to learn to _____what I can and cannot get done. He discouraged me from giving emotional emphasis to things beyond my control. His advice seems to have really helped.Key:Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage or dialog.After men landed on the moon in 1969, astronauts around the world had a problem – there were no other places they could go! Even today, the other planets are still too far away for astronauts to fly to. So, while rockets and robots can go to other planets, manned flights have to stay closer to home. Therefore, manned space programs have turned their attention to solving problems related to living and working in space.Currently, NASA's (US National Aeronautics and Space Administration) manned space exploration program focuses on the space shuttle program. NASA now operates three space shuttles, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavor. Unfortunately, two of NASA's shuttles, Challenger and Columbia, were lost through accidents.Seven astronauts died in each accident. The program completed 135 missions when the program ended with the successful landing at the Kennedy Space Center on July 21, 2011. These missions have included putting satellites into orbit, photographing the earth, studying space, conducting experiments related to working in space, and connecting with various manned space station in orbit.Throughout the short history of the exploration of space, several space stations have been put into orbit. The first manned space station was the Soviet station Salyut 1, put into orbit in 1971. Later, in 1986, the Soviet Union launched the Mir space station. Mir stayed in orbit until March 23, 2001. Over that time, 104 astronauts visited the station to stay for various lengths of time. The person who has spent the longest in space so far is Russian astronaut Valeri Polyakov. Working as the doctor aboard the station, he lived on Mir for 438 days without returning to earth. In total, Polyakov worked aboard Mir for 678 days before retiring.Today, astronauts from around the world are working together to complete the International Space Station (ISS). The construction began in 1998, and the US Orbital Segment was completed in 2011. Operations are expected to continue until at least 2020. In the long run, it is hoped that the ISS will be a place where people can live and work all year round.11. Why can't astronauts travel to other planets now?A. Because there are not enough space shuttles.B. Because there have been too many rocket accidents.C. Because the journey would take too long for human.D. Because there are too many problems here on Earth.12. What is the fact of NASA's manned space exploration program?A. Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavor were lost through accidents.B. Challenger and Columbia are the current space shuttles.C. Seven astronauts died in accidents.D. NASA had completed 135 missions by July 21, 2011.13. What is TRUE about Valeri Polyakov?A. He has spent more time in space than anyone else.B. He stayed aboard Mir for 678 days at one time.C. He is still an astronaut though he is retired.D. He often helped the doctor at the Mir space station.14. What is TRUE about the International Space Station?A. It is being built by the United States alone.B. It will be launched into space in 2011.C. It was completed in 1998.D. It will eventually have people living and working there.15. What is the best title for this passage?A. Valeri Polyakov - An Amazing AstronautB. The Past and Future of Space TravelC. Space Cities of the FutureD. Living and Working on the International Space StationKey: CDADBQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, Myspace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the "ingeneration"."The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little 'i', which I'm talking to stand for 'individualized'," Rosen says. "Everything is defined and individualized to 'me'. My music choices are defined to 'me'. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to 'me'. " He says the iGeneration includes today's teens and middle-school years, but it's too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires."Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development. "Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly."The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think," Rosen says.16. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids ______A. communicate with others by high-tech methods continuallyB. prefer to live a virtual life than a real oneC. are equipped with more modem digital techniquesD. know more on technology than their elders17. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration?A. Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.B. Because this generation stresses on an individualized style of life.C. Because it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.D. Because it's a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.18. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?A. This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.B. Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.C. This generation catches up with the development of technology.D. High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.19. Rosen's findings suggest that technology ______A. has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration's brain developmentB. has greatly affected the iGeneration's behaviors and academic performanceC. has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration's mental and intellectual developmentD. has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance20. According to the passage, education has to ______A. adapt its system to the need of the new generationB. use more technologies to cater for the iGenerationC. risk its system to certain extent for the iGenerationD. be conducted online for iGeneration's individualized needKey:16. A 本题考查“自我的一代” “千禧年一代”的区别。

科技英语翻译第三四章3.1 名词的译法第1节翻译练习1In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。

当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。

第1节翻译练习2The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the su bjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。

扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一ambient temperature, and the external cooling. 根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。

温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。

第1节翻译练习3Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy. Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。