M a r k T w a i n,(马克•吐温)S a m u e l L a n g h o r n e C l e m e n s（塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯）(1835-1910)Two Fathoms deep—the depth of water necessary for the steamer boats to pass safelyAs a young man Twain worked as a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River. Samuel Clemens ------“Mark Twain”Works:1. “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”“卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙” a frontier tale(He became nationally famous)2. “the two advantages”(1)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer«汤姆索耶历险记»a story of his seeking for freedom, fame, fortune, love, manhood. The novel reveals the American values: one is hero complex, the other is American dream. His adventures is the realization of American dream. On the other hand, the book record the rising Age of American Bourgeois system. It also bears the irony and satire toward thereligion and by-then popular rigid, didactic children education, which curbed the imagination of children and their innate nature for freedom and adventures and molded them into a stereotype of lifeless man.他的一个自由，名誉，财富，追求爱情的故事，成年。
小说揭示了美国的价值观：一个是英雄情结，另一是美国梦。
他的冒险是美国梦的实现。
另一方面，书中记录的美国资产阶级系统年龄上升。
它还具有对宗教和讽刺当时流行的刚性，说教式的儿童教育，抑制了孩子和他们的自由和冒险本性的想象塑造成一个刻板的毫无生气的人。
Significance意义He portrayed uniquely American subjects in a humorous and colloquial, yet poetic, language. His success in creating this plain but evocative language precipitated the end of American reverence for British and European culture and for the more formal language associated with those traditions. His adherence to American themes, settings, and language set him apart from many other novelists of the day and had a powerful effect on such later writers 他描绘的美国独有的学科中的一个幽默的、口语化的语言，诗意。
他的成功创造这平凡而动人的语言沉淀美国英国和欧洲的文化和传统相关的正式语言之端。
他坚持美国的主题，设置，和语言使他除了许多其他小说家的一天就这样后来的作家有强大的影响(2)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn«哈克贝里费恩历险记»("all modern American literature comes.")Hemingway once wrote: "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn... it's the best book we've had... There was nothing before. There has been nothing so good since."海明威曾经写道：“所有现代美国文学来自一本马克吐温的书叫哈克贝利…这已经是我们最好的书…没有前。
那里已经没有那么好。
”Satire 讽刺This novel shows Twain's satire on southern culture before the Civil War, around 1850, when the Mississippi Valley was still being settled. Twain condemned racial discrimination. 讽刺小说展现吐温讽刺的南方文化的内战，在1850左右，当密西西比河谷还在解决。
吐温谴责种族歧视。
Style风格Vernacular language and dialect.白话语言和方言。
Local Color地方特色Twain depicted social life through descriptions of local places and people he knew best.吐温描绘社会生活的地方，他知道最好的人的描述。
Significance 意义The carefully controlled point of view, with its implicit ironies expressed through the voice of a semi-literate boy; the masterful use of dialects; the felicitous balancing romanticism and realism, humor and pathos, innocence and evil. This novel creates the most memorable characters in all of American fiction.看仔细控制点，其隐含的讽刺通过一个半文盲的男孩的声音表达；方言的娴熟运用恰当的平衡；浪漫主义和现实主义，幽默与感伤，天真和邪恶。
这部小说创造了所有美国小说中最令人难忘的角色S a m u e l C l e m e n s’M a j o r W o r k s塞缪尔克莱门斯的主要作品：1.The Gilded Age 《镀金时代》written in collaboration with Charles Dudley Warner 镀金时代写在查尔斯杜德利华纳合作2.Life on the Mississippi《密西西比河上》3.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court 《亚瑟王朝里的康涅狄格州美国佬》4.The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》5.The Mysterious Stranger《神秘的陌生人》6.Autobiography自传7.These works contain bitter attacks on the human race 这些作品包含了人类痛苦的攻击8.The Innocents Abroad«傻子国外旅行记»9. Roughing It《艰难岁月》10. Pudd'nhead Wilson《傻瓜维尔逊》11. The Prince and the Pauper《王子与贫民》12. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court 《在亚瑟王朝的美国佬》13. American Claimant《美国申请人》14. Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy"《残害一个男童》15. "Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again," 《哥德斯密斯的朋友又出国了》16. "The Treaty with China"《与中国的条约》17. "To the Person Sitting in Darkness"《致坐在黑暗中的人》18. These works show Mark Twain’s attitude towards the ChineseStyle1.Broad, often irreverent humor or biting social satire, realism of place and language, memorable characters, hatred of hypocrisy and oppression.广泛，经常无礼的幽默和尖锐的社会讽刺，地方和语言，实在令人难忘的人物，虚伪和压迫的仇恨。
2.Simple and plain diction, precise, direct.简单朴素的言语，精确的，直接的3.His earlier works are light, humorous, optimistic.乐观4.His later works become darker and more obscure, showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social reality. His last works shows his acute pessimism, despair, skepticism determinism.他后来的作品变得越来越越模糊，显示了他对社会现实的不满和失望。
他最后的作品显示了他的悲观绝望的怀疑论，急性。
