2013年暨南大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题(二),参考书及复试线,考研复习规划

复试试题（语言学及应用语言学）复试试题（语言学及应用语言学）2000年现代汉语1. 填空2. 名词解释：基本词汇、存现句、音素和音位、比喻和比拟3. 句法分析4. 现代汉语词汇的特点5. 哪几种把字句不能或不宜变换成主谓宾句式2001年1. 汉民族共同语形成的过程2. /e/代表几个音素，为什么可以用一个/e/代表几个音素3. 给下列轻声字写出国际音标，并说明轻声引起了哪几种音变：棉花、豆腐等10-15个词4. 同义词辨析：仔细/细心常常/经常/往往5. 归并义项：“轻”的多个义项6. 词性标注，并说明其语法功能7. 分析歧义句，说明变换分析法与层次分析法的区别：保护了小张的奶奶8. 歧义分化的实质是什么9. 指出下列单位中，哪些是词、字、短语，说明三者之间的关系如何10. 说说你是如何理解“语法的动态多角度验证”的。

04年复试现代汉语部分（30分）一，什么是轻声？轻声对韵母的读音有哪些影响？并举例说明。

二，什么是词汇？它有几个组成部分？各包括什么？举例说明。

（一说：汉语有几级词汇单位？）三，对下列各词的进行比较，说明其用法有何异同。

并举例。

1，每—各； 2，吗—呢四，“听说他马上回来”和“命令他马上回来”有何区别，请加以论证。

古代汉语部分（30分）一，解释黑体字的义项，如果是活用，说明活用的类型。

（5个）（10分）二，标点并翻译短文（《孟子》节选），并回答问题：找出宾语前置的句子，并说明原因是什么。

（20分）语言学概论部分（40分）一，名词解释1，组合关系和聚合关系 2，义素分析法 3，历史比较法二，严式标音（马、谈、见、猫等）指出其中元音是几个音位，为什么？三，以语言结构各要素和社会联系的不同，说明语言发展的不平衡性。

四，用变换分析法说明下列两个句子在语义上的差别。

这位领导我也不认识。

这种植物我也不认识。

05年复试语言学概论部分（30分）一，名词解释1，亲属语言 2，屈折语 3，音质音位 4，语法范畴二，简答1、口语和书面语的关系2、语言发展变化的两大特点3、词汇意义和语法意义的区别。

2013年广东暨南大学汉语国际教育考研真题一、汉语语言学基础知识题（共80分）1.填空题（每空2分，共16分）（1）现代汉语中有三个鼻辅音，其中的两个是（、）。

（2）“暮”的意思是（）。

（3）“国家”的意思是“国”、“家庭”的意思是“家”，这种词叫（）。

（4）“明天不可不蚤来”中假借字是（）。

（5）杜牧“停车坐爱枫林晚。

”中“晚”的意思是（）。

（6）“西安”与“先”的拼音区别是用不用（）符号。

（7）中国最古老的成系统的文字离现在有（）年历史。

（8）“他高兴得跳了起来。

”中“高兴”是（）语。

2.判断题（正确的打√错误的打×；每小题2分，共10分）（1）部首和偏旁是一样的。

［］（2）古文字就是繁体字，今文字就是今天使用的简化字。

［］（3）“涂有饿莩而不知发。

”中“涂”指“通途”即“道路”。

［］（4）“凤毛麟角”的意思是“比喻珍贵而稀少的人或物”。

［］（5）回族的语言是回语。

［］3.选择题（每小题2分，共14分）（1）“春蚕到死丝方尽”中用了__辞格。

A、比喻B、谐音C、比拟D、夸张（2）汉语音节中最重要的是__。

A、声母B、韵头C、韵尾D、韵腹（3）“肉麻”是__结构。

A、主谓B、动宾C、偏正D、联合（4）汉语的语序是__。

A、SOVB、SVOC、OVSD、VSO（5）复杂短语“很复杂的事”共有__个层次。

A、一B、二C、三D、四（6）“甲之言乙也”“甲之为言乙也”。

使用这两种术语时，必然是__。

A、义训B、声训C、形训D、互训（7）“庄”的汉语拼音是“zhuāng”一共有__个音节。

A、四B、三C、二D、一4.简答题（每小题10分，共40分）（1）从记事图画发展成为独立的文字体系，要具备那些条件？（2）谈谈“不”和“没有”的主要区别。

（3）举例说明与现代汉语不同的古代汉语中被动句的表达类型，举两类，多举不加分。

（4）请简析以下两句话语义有何不同？这种不同是什么原因造成的？a、老王到底是有经验，很快就知道问题产生的原因了。

语言学概论及古代汉语和写作一名词解释(18分)音素音位音节义素义项语素二简答题(32分)⒈为什么说”说话只能在有限和无限,自由和不自由的矛盾中运行?”(5分)⒉划分和归纳音位的主要依据(原则)有哪些?(6分)⒊外语学习中的句型”替换”联系是按语言学什么原理设计的?(6分)⒋基本语法结构有哪五种?各自概括的语法意义是什么?提供语法形式的手段主要有哪几种?(9分)⒌用变换分析法说明以下句子在句法意义上的差异?(6分)①台上做着主席台②台上唱着戏③台上摆着酒席三论述(10分)从汉字长期停留于意音文字阶段看文字体系变革的条件?四填空(10分)1.<<经籍纂诂> >作者_________2.张相__________近代汉语中的特殊词语3.<<孟子>>_____代列于经部,南宋______编入<<四书>>并做注4.<<战国策>>东汉 ____注,已残缺5.<<韩非子>>通行注本清王先慎 <<________>>6.<<老子>>重要注本,魏________<<老子注>> 黄河上公注<<老子章注>>7.古韵分部,最早顾炎武分___部8.____ 指称古籍多了文字现象五解释词语1.亟请于武工2.女实征之3.观其辟丸4.下臣不兴,属当戎行5.食以草具6.<<战国策赵策>>夷维子执策而从7.<<礼记礼运>> 果能止道矣,虽愚必明,虽柔必强8.刑于寡妻9.<<逍遥游>> 泠然善也10 << 庄子>> 然则乡之所谓知者11 白沙在涅,与之俱黑12静言思之,躬自悼矣13 <<诗小雅>> 既夷既怿,如相踌矣14 <<离骚>>羌内恕己以量人兮15<<山鬼>> 从文狸16五谷丰登17揭竿而起18不耻下问19祸起萧墙20 心广体胖六找出下列句子中词语的特殊用法（中间部分自己补充，都是在书上面的）1 .我树之以成……………….以盛水浆,其坚不能自举2.且夫我尝闻少仲尼之闻,而轻……………….3.斩敌者受赏,而高慈惠之行………………..4 孟尝君怪其疾也,衣冠而见之5.既庶矣,又何如哉,曰:”富之”6.彼秦者,弃礼义而尚首功之过,………………..民.7.不如小决使道,…………..药之也8客闻楚有神龟……………庙堂之上9留灵修兮澹忘归……….华予10 予廉洁正直以自清乎…………….乎七阅读下面一段材料,并回答下面问题.(20分)郑玄字康成北海高密人也八世祖崇哀帝时尚书仆射玄少为乡啬夫得休归尝诣学官不乐为吏父数怒之不能禁遂造太学受业师事京兆第五元先始通京氏易公羊春秋三统历九章算术又从东郡张恭祖受周官礼记左氏春秋韩诗古文尚书以山东无足问者乃西入关因涿郡卢植事扶风马融融门徒四百余人升堂进者五十余生融素骄贵玄在门下三年不得见乃使高业弟子传授于玄玄日夜寻诵未尝怠倦会融集诸生考论图纬闻玄善算乃召见于楼上玄因从质诸疑义问毕辞归融喟然谓门人曰郑生今去吾道东矣1.郑玄注过的四种先秦古籍(4分)2.加注标点并译为现代汉语.(16分)八写作(30分)以<<标语与社会>>为题写一篇小论文.2005年暨南大学硕士研究生入学试题（华文学院）科目:语言学及应用语言学方向: 现代汉语一名词解释（10）1《汉语拼音方案》2汉字的内定3根词4词的兼类5拈连二填空（10）三单选（10）四多选（5）五判断（10）六填表（10）①音节结构（5）（注：给你一个字，让你指出声母，韵头，韵腹，韵尾之类，当然还有调职调类好像还有该字是几画）②语素词字音节（5）（注：给你若干汉字，比如“巧克力”之类的让你判断七分析（35）1 加音标2 简化方法3 词的构造4 构词方式5 分析句子他被同学送回家把病治好了6 分析复句7修辞格（注：就一个长句，判断包括哪些修辞手法）八改错（句子）（10）（也就是修改病句）九简答题（50）1 什么是现代汉语规范化？如何看待新出现的语言现象？2 下列汉字哪些是形声字？说明形声字出现的意义？雨切刃抢卡竿木（本）从3 以“现在”“正在”为例，说明时间名词和时间副词在语法功能上的异同？4 汉语的词类和句子成分之间有怎样的对应关系？谈谈你的看法。

暨南大学2013年硕士研究生招生参考书目308护理综合《基础护理学》（第4版，李小寒主编，人民卫生出版社，2008年）《内科护理学》（第4版，尤黎明主编，人民卫生出版社，2008年）《外科护理学》（第4版，曹伟新主编，人民卫生出版社，2008年）《妇产科护理学》（第4版，郑修霞主编，人民卫生出版社，2008年）《儿科护理学》（第4版，崔焱主编，人民卫生出版社，2009年）338生物化学王镜岩朱圣庚徐长法主编，《生物化学》，第三版上下册，高等教育出版社，2002年352口腔综合《口腔解剖生理学》，皮昕主编，第六版《口腔组织病理学》，于世凤主编，第六版《口腔颌面外科学》，邱蔚六主编，第六版《口腔修复学》，赵铱民主编，第六版《牙体牙髓病学》，樊明文主编，第三版《牙周病学》，孟焕新主编，第三版《口腔黏膜病学》，陈谦明主编，第三版353卫生综合《卫生学》（第7版，仲来福主编，人民卫生出版社，2008年）《流行病学》（第6版，王建华主编，人民卫生出版社，2005年）《卫生统计学》（第6版，方积乾主编，人民卫生出版社，2005年）432统计学《统计学原理》（第七版）韩兆洲主编，暨南大学出版社2010年12月。

（注：如果没有找到第七版，2006年9月第六版也可以。

）《统计学原理学习指导及Excel与数据统计分析》韩兆洲、王斌会主编，暨南大学出版社2009年6月第12次印刷。

《概率论与数理统计教程》茆诗松、程依明、濮晓龙编著，高等教育出版社2004年7月。

《概率论与数理统计教程习题与解答》茆诗松、程依明、濮晓龙编著，高等教育出版社2010年6月。

《概率论与数理统计》（第二版）茆诗松、周纪芗编著，中国统计出版社2002年5月。

《概率论与数理统计习题与解答》茆诗松、周纪芗编著，中国统计出版社2002年5月。

433税务专业基础於鼎丞等主编：中国税制（第四版），暨南大学出版社，2010年9月出版434国际商务专业基础《国际贸易》易纲、海闻主编，格致出版社、上海人民出版社，2008年7月第11次印刷。

2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：中国语言文学学科所有专业研究方向：考试科目名称：705语言文学基础与理论B卷一、单项选择题（共10题，每题1分，共10分）1.《九辨》的作者是（）A.屈原B.宋玉C.唐勒D.景差2.建安文学中，被称为“七子之冠冕”的诗人是（）A.王粲B.刘桢C.孔融D.陈琳3.毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》是在（）年发表的？A.1938B.1948C.1942D.19524.《望星空》是下列（）的作品？A.张承志B.李瑛C.郭小川D.贺敬之5.雨果在（）这部作品中提出了“在绝对正确的革命之上，还有一个绝对正确的人道主义”的观点。

A.《九三年》B.《悲惨世界》C.《海上劳工》D.《笑面人》6.（）是贝克特的荒诞派戏剧的奠基之作。

A.《等待戈多》B.《恶心》C.《禁闭》D.《莫菲》7.艾伯拉姆斯认为文学是一种活动，是由作品、作家、世界和（）构成。

A.批评B.理想C.读者D.出版8.曹丕在我国文学批评史上首先提出（）A.诗缘情B.文气说C.意境说D.神韵说9.“他的自尊心跟弹簧一样，谁碰一下，就蹦得很高。

”采用的辞格是（）。

A.比拟B.借代C.夸张D.比喻10.“大多可受数量短语的修饰，主要充当主语、宾语和定语，不能受否定副词‘不’的修饰，一般不能重叠。

”这是（）的语法特点。

A.名词B.形容词C.动词D.副词二、名词解释题（共5题，每题5分，共25分）1.苏辛2.伤痕文学3.俄国“自然派”4.文学接受5.音位三、简答题（请在下列5题中任选3题完成，每题15分，共45分，多选不得分）1.如何理解清代文学“集历代文学之大成”的历史特征？2.请简要分析郭沫若《女神》的创作特色。

3.简述欧洲浪漫主义文学产生的历史背景及其基本特征。

暨南大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（外国语言文学综合考试）试题
学科、专业名称：外国语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向：各研究方向
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考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试共8 页第8 页。

2013年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研试题
）
（回忆版
回忆版）
又改版了，语言学白急了。

综合是语言学文学一张试卷，有的题目两专业人必做，有的是以专业不同选作。

20个概况选择20分，很简单。

20个填空语言学文学各10个20分。

文学多是填作品和人名，语言学涉及术语，填被解释的对象是什么。

语言学对错5个+判断五个作品名作者是谁，该作品是什么genre10分。

在12个术语里面选择6个解释30分。

文学四个问答一个10分共40分。

分析诗歌crossing the bar写成200字的文章 30分
四个问题是
一：to be or not to be这句话你怎么理解，&how does it comtribute to the theme of Hamlet?
二：玄学派诗歌共有的特点
三：呼啸山庄里面男女主角cofess their love 的方式normal不?还有你怎么看待他们之间的爱情
四：美国超验主义作家都是怎么理解人和上帝，自然的关系。

十二个术语是
synchronic,phonology,suffix,illocutionary act,category. graveyard school, romanticism,dramatic monologue,意识流，beat generation,american naturalism.。

2013年暨南大学语言文学基础一：选择十道题目：非常简单，基本看到题目就会的。

时间太久想不起来了。

只记得似乎有《望星空》还考了修辞手法。

二：名词解释苏辛、伤痕文学、俄国自然派、文学接受、音位三：简答（5选3）1 清朝文学集大成2 《女神》的艺术特色3 浪漫主义文学产生的背景和艺术特色4 5没选，不知道四：论述（4选2）3 莫言作品创作分析（具体忘了是论述题还是在专业二里的了）4唐吉可德形象分析2013文学评论写作（5选3）1 闻一多《死水》鉴赏2 文品和人品题目有一段文字，根据文字信息阐释自己的观点。

3 莫言创作4百年孤独分析思想艺术特征5 语言题时隔半年了，很多真的是想不起来了，以后如果想起来，我会再补充上。

对学妹学弟的建议是，学习要学会取舍，做题也要学会取舍，面面俱到是不可能的。

去年的今天我还没有定下学校呢，所以，今天的你们看到这份题目，说明你们比我开始要早，很好。

一定没有问题的。

定下学校后，剩下的就是埋头努力了。

学习过程中，要仔细钻研真题，分析真题。

加油。

2012暨南大学语言文学基础一、填空1.《扬州慢》作者2.“良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院”出自3.“”文学是新文学开端的前一阶段4.梁启超开启的“小说界革命”与梁启超、黄遵宪开启的“”革命5.王国维《人间词话》提出“”说6.《九三年》的作者7.靡菲斯特出自《》8 提出“风格即人”9.汉字阶段性转变是10.“写字写累了”的“累”的语义指向二、名词解释1.《儒林外史》2.九叶诗派3.拜伦式英雄4.境界5.语法范畴三、简答（五选三）1.简答魏晋南北朝文学在中国文学史上的地位2.清代小说界革命的意义3.简答欧洲文艺复兴人文主义的思想内容与艺术特征4.简答诗歌语言的特征5.语言题四、论述（五选二）1.简述唐诗的发展轨迹2.简述“伤痕文学”的意义3.简述唐吉可德的现代意义4.语言题5.高级秘书与行政管理题阅读与写作（五选三）一、“设境与写境，很难区别。

大量的阿拉伯语和波斯语的词汇，在边疆民族地区，回族人民还通晓并使用当地民族的语言，在日常语言 表达上，大量使用语气词和带有感情色彩的叹词等。城市回族通用汉语。
3．选择题（每小题 2 分，共 14 分） （1）“春蚕到死丝方尽”中用了______辞格。 A．比喻 B．谐音 C．比拟 D．夸张 答案：B 解析：利用语音或语义条件，有意使语句同时关顾表面和内里两种意思，言在此而意在彼，这种辞格 叫双关。就构成的条件看，双关可分为谐音双关和语义双关两类。这句诗中的“丝”与“思念”的“思” 同音相谐，表达了深深的思念之情。
（2）古文字就是繁体字，今文字就是今天使用的简化字。（ ）
答案：×
解析：汉字的演变可划分为古文字阶段和今文字阶段，隶书对古文字形体进行了重大变革,因而成了古 今文字的分界线。隶书以前是古文字阶段,主要包括殷商甲骨文,西周金文,战国文字以及秦代小篆；隶书以 后是今文字阶段,包括隶书和楷书。繁体字和简化字是汉字书写的两种方式，不是汉字演变的两个过程。
（2）“暮”的意思是（ ）。 答案：日落时、傍晚 解析：“暮”是形声字，从日，莫声。古字作“莫”，像太阳落到草丛中，表示天将晚。“暮”为后起 字。
（3）“国家”的意思是“国”、“家庭”的意思是“家”，这种词叫（ ）。 答案：偏义复词 解析：偏义复词,是指一个复音词由两个意义相关或相反的语素构成,但整个复音词的意思只取其中一 个语素的意义；而另一个语素只是作为音节的陪衬,起到构词的作用。“国家”与“家庭”都由两个意义相 关的语素构成，但其独立成词时，却只取其中一个语素的意义，即“国家”中的“国”和“家庭”中的“家”。
（6）“西安”与“先”的拼音区别是用不用（ ）符号。 答案：隔音符号 解析：a，o，e 开头的音节连接在其他音节后面的时候，如果音节的界限发生混淆，用隔音符号（’） 隔开，如 xi’an（西安），如果不用隔音符号（’）古老的成系统的文字离现在有（ ）年历史。 答案：3000 解析：殷商的甲骨文，距现在已有 3000 多年的历史了，从形体和造字法来看，甲骨文已经是相当成 熟的文字。

暨南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Word Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.EU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：欧盟(European Union)2.WPC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：世界和平理事会(World Peace Council)3.OPEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)4.NASA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)CG（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国海岸警卫队(United States Coast Guard)6.FTA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：自由贸易区(Free Trade Area)7.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)8.America"s "Return to the Asian-Pacific"（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国重返亚太地区9.Association of Southeast Asian Nations（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：东南亚国家联盟10.International Atomic Energy Agency（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际原子能组织11.currency manipulator（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：货币操纵国12.International Translation Day（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际翻译日13.National Missile Defense（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国家导弹防御系统14.power abuse（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：滥用职权-Japan Security Treaty（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：《美日安全保障条约》三、Section B: Chinese to English(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.国务院侨务办公室（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council17.国家文物局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration of Cultural Heritage18.国家烟草专卖局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau19.国家宗教事务局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration for Religious Affairs20.西方七国首脑会议（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：G7 Summit21.岗位培训（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：on-the-job training22.海洋资源（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marine resources23.民生（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：people"s livelihood24.差额选举（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：a marginal election25.建立市场导向的就业机制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：establish a market-oriented employment mechanism26.资源节约型与环境保护型社会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：resource-conservative and environment-friendly society27.文化逆差（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：cultural deficit28.《三国演义》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Romance of the Three Kingdoms29.《十面埋伏》(古曲)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Chu King Unarming30.逾期贷款（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：overdue loan四、Ⅱ. Passage Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, "If I steal a nickel"s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man"s wife, I am free." This is a prevalent misconception in many people"s minds—that love, like merchandize, can be "stolen". Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for "alienation of affections".But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is anact of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is "stolen" by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The "love bandit" was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children "belonging" to their parents. But nobody "belongs" to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents" trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that "caused" the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a "third party". This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has "come between" oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others—they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any "third party" has appeared on the scene.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：一位来自佛罗里达州的读者来信向我抱怨，他似乎有过什么受伤的经历。

暨南大学2013年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）2013招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目代码与名称：280法语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Choisissez la bonne répons e. (20 points)1. Qu’est-ce que vous pratiquez sport ?A : unB : commeC : pourD : par2.-Vous envoyez des messages en e-mail à vos amis ?- Oui, je envoie souvent.A : en leurB : les leurC : leur yD : leur en3. Les petites fleurs oranges je pense fleurissent de mai à octobre.A : auxquellesB : à quiC : dontD : desquelles4. Ces livres ne sont pas que j’avais choisis.A : celui quiB : tous ceux quiC : celles-ciD : ceux5. Ton frère réussir s’il faisait un effort.A : puisseB : pouvaitC : pourraitD : pourra6. On fait tout les enfants se sentent bien à l’école maternelle.A : pourB : pour queC : grâce àD : afin de7. C’est film de l’année.A : le mieuxB : mieuxC : le meilleurD : meilleur8. S’il fait beau, on sur la terrasse.A : mangeaitB : mangeC : mangeraitD : mangera9. C’est une maladie qui est difficile guérir.A : àB : deC : pourD :en10. nombreux cours d’eau parcourent en France.考试科目：法语共8页，第 1 页。

语言学及应用语言学试题与经验（含13年初试7年复试真题）一（转）收到通知书了，在家闲着没事做，把“外院男生”学长的经验贴翻出来结合其他网上的资料和自己的一些想法修订一下，毕竟两三年过去了，变化还是比较多的。

之前在那个帖子里获得的信息非常多，复习的过程中学长也帮了不少忙，现在修订一下算是回报吧，嗯，要学会感恩。

希望对想考的童鞋们有帮助，也希望以后有人继续下去哈。

主要是按应用语言学方向来说明，对外汉语方向的可以参考初试准备部分，因为题都一样是应用语言学方向的老师出的。

总体来说对外汉语方向比应用语言学热门，招的人多报考的人也多。

（题外话一下，为什么那么少男生考啊，应用语言学方向每年都只有一两个上线。

悲剧啊。

学长说，男生上线必录取，考虑考虑吧。

）附原帖地址：/viewthread ... D%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6初试主要以考试大纲为主，而不以某本参考书为主，因为没有哪本书包含了大纲的全部内容。

总的来说，语言学基础理论部分以岑运强的《语言学基础理论》和叶蜚声、徐通锵的《语言学纲要》为主，同时也要重视应用语言学的复试参考书于根元的《应用语言学概论》，因为初试大纲中的语言学学科体系、语言能力、合作原则等一些内容它也涉及到了。

有余力的可以关注一下陆俭明的《现代汉语语法研究教程》，主要是看它有关句子的分析方法部分，写得比较清楚。

还可以看看朱德熙的《语法讲义》，主要供回答分析题用。

综合考试同样应以考试大纲为主。

现代汉语主要看黄廖版的《现代汉语》。

这本书要反复地看。

胡裕数的《现代汉语》也不能忽视。

古代汉语主要看王力的《古代汉语》一、二册，其中又以第一册为重点。

也可采用郭锡良的《古代汉语》，通论部分更有条理，同时它的形式也更接近考试题型。

一、历年初试真题真题一定要做，上面的每个题目至少都要做一遍，因为试题的重复率高，重者恒重，就是这个道理。

特别要关注近三年的题，切记。

以前语言学及应用语言学属于播音与主持艺术学院，所以那时的题也包含了其他专业的考查内容，复习时根据考试大纲自己分辨，可以不看。

2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：外国语言文学研究方向：英语语言文学及应用语言学考试科目名称:706外语（英）水平考试I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as________by themselves are notscience.A collects information and performs experimentsB)collecting information and performing experiments factsC)collecting informations and performing experimentD)collects informations and perform experiment2．Aside from perpetuating itself,the________purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Artsand Letters is to"foster,assist and sustain an interest"in literature,music,and art.A honorable B)sole C)common D)official3．Archaeological records–paintings,drawings,and carvings of humans engaged in activities involvingthe use of hands–indicate that humans have been________right-handed for more than5,000years.A)predominantly B)precautiously C)disciplinarily D)symmetrically4．Plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances,such as resins,tannins,glycosides,and alkaloids,many of________are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants.A)them B)that C)which D)who5．The system no longer had much interest________nontraditional new and extra services to olderyouths.A)on offering B)in offering C)offer D)offers6．These writers who can genuinely be said to have created a genre,the"railroad novel"arenow mostlyforgotten,their names________memory.A)disappear from B)disappeared C)faded from D)having faded from7．The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and________design.A)origin B)source C)fiction D)novel8．The high-pressure engine was________lighter in proportion to horsepower,and with less than half as many moving parts was much easier and cheaper to repair.A)more B)better C)far D)most9．The word laser was________as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation.A)coined B)discovered C)composed D)mentioned10．Being so educable,individual birds have markedly different interests and________,strategies and scams.A)inclinations B)tricks C)opportunities D)experiences11．There has been a(n)________of violent attacks in the area in the past few months.A)amount B)total C)number D)quality12．It is all very well to blame traffic jam,the cost of petrol and the fast pace of modem life,but manners on the roads are becoming________.A.seriousB.more temptingC.deplorableD.noticeable13．The faculty members were upset when they heard that the project______have to be abandoned. A)might B)should C)need D)shall14．As computer security systems become even more advanced,______the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.A)so too do B)so much do C)as much as D)as well as15．Graduate school and college are similar_________you have to choose a field of study and do in-depth research.A)in that B)for that C)for which D)in which16．He doesn’t eat pork,but______that he’ll eat just about anything.A)rather than B)no more than C.other than D.no longer than17．Thomas Edison was responsible for many_____in addition to the light bulb.A)intentions B)imaginations C)instructions D)innovations18．Following the same rules all these years,the company is_______to any form of change.A)resolved B)resistant C)restricted D)reserved19．Urban Japanese have long endured________commutes and crowded living conditions,but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is beginning to tell.A)exclusive B)extended C)external D)exterior20．If a man________,what's the best course of action you should take?A)stands you off B)shows you up C)shows you off D)stands you up21．He had an________habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window onto our doorstep.A)objectionable B)afflicting C)uneducated D)offending22．The jury________him of having committed the robbery and he was then sentenced to five years’imprisonment.A)accused B)charged C)convicted D)acquitted23．The good news is that as long as people infected with HIV keep taking the triple-drug________,they have an excellent chance of surviving the infection for a long time.A)antigen B)cocktail C)microbe D)therapy24．The tax cuts are good news for the rich,but the poor________again.A)lose on B)lose down C)lose out D)lose up25．The new strain of CJD was________in another case,bringing the total of suspected victims to13.A)implicated B)implanted C)imposed D)implemented26．In some people’s opinion,this epidemic of the mad-cow disease has been at best a clumsy mistake of the British government,but some of the opponents scolded it as a________.A)disaster B)disappointment C)discredit D)disgrace27．You must________your old passport when applying for a new one.A)resign B)surrender C)abandon D)quit28．The floor was unsafe,as some of the floor-boards had________away.A)damaged B)destroyed C)rotted D)wasted29．Except for some colleges________by the Catholic church,all colleges and universities in the United States,public and private,are governed by a board of trustees composed primarily of laymen.A)elevated B)granted C)patented D)sponsored30．To the frustration of Hispanic publishers,advertising agencies often treat Spanish-language or bilingual newspapers as________in their marketing plans.A)afterthoughts B)advantages C)disturbances D)penetrationsII.Proof-reading and Error Correction（10points）In this much-travelled world,there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.But people who are cut off not onlyfrom foreign tourists,but even their own countrymen can be hostile to travelers.Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable--as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans. We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity.These attracted many visitors,for they were not only great architectural interest,but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.This was more than we could bear,we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.Taken a path which led out of the town,we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.We expected the path to end abruptly,but we found that it traced its way through the trees.We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.We could see that the path continued on the other side,but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast sleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to do so at first,but we eventually persuaded him to take us. The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.Even under a clear blue sky,the village looked forbidding,as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.The village seemed deserted,the only sign of life was an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field,we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.All at once,I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.We offered them food and spoke to them kindly,but they remained motionlessly.I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.When we later walked down the main street of the villager,we were followed by a silent procession of children.The village which had seemed deserted immediately coming to life.Faces appeared at windows.Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.The most frightening thing of all was not a sound could be heard.There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.We needed no further warning.Turning back down the main street,we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.1._______________2._______________3._______________4._______________5._______________6._______________7._______________8._______________9._______________10._______________III.Cloze（20points）Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each bland there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D)on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves,__1__we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer,for these are countless do-it-yourself publications.___2___the right tools and materials,newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.Men,particularly,spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces,laying out their own gardens;building garages and making furniture.Some really keen enthusiasts___3___build their own computers. Shops cater___4___the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices,but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy,but unfortunately not all of us are___5___handymen.Some wives___6___believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.Even men who can ___7___drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians,carpenters,plumbers and mechanics.When lights fuse,furniture gets rickety,pipes get clogged,or vacuum cleaners___8___to operate,some woman assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is___9___ sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything,even when they have repeatedly been proved___10___.It is a question of pride as much as anything else.Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower.It had broken down the previous summer,and___11___I promised to repair it,I had never got round to it.I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it___12___.One Saturday afternoon,I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it.___13___I could see,it needed only a minor adjustment:a turn of a screw here,a little tightening up there,a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple.The mower firmly refused to mow,___14___I decided to dismantle it.The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal ___15___had once made up a lawn mower.But I was extremely pleased with myself.I had traced the cause of the trouble.One of links in the chain that drives the wheels___16___.After___17___a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again.I was not___18___to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it,for the simple reason___19___I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.I gave up in despair.The weeks passed and the grass grew.When my wife nagged me to do something about it,I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower___20___let the grass grow.Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.1.A)that B)which C)as D)because2.A)Arming with B)Armed with C)Arm with D)Having armed withA)go as to B)go far to C)go as far as to D)go so far as to3.A)to B)through C)for D)off4.A)born B)bear C)borned D)bearing5.A)intend to B)tend to C)tendence to D)extend to6.A)hard B)hardly C)harden D)hardlessly7.A)keep B)succeed C)fail D)go8.A)although B)what C)because D)that9.A)wrong B)wrongly C)rightly D)right10.A)though B)of course C)in that note D)as a rule11.A)for myself B)to myself C)on myself D)myself12.A)For B)As far as C)What D)From13.A)which B)so C)but D)as a result14.A)they B)surprisingly C)astonishedly D)which15.A)been snapped B)had snapped C)snapping D)having snapped16.A)bought B)buying C)buy D)being bought17.A)surprise B)surprising C)surprised D)surprisingly18.A)why B)as C)as far as D)that19.A)or B)to C)so as to D)not toPart IV Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are3passages in this part.Each of the passages is followed by5questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are4choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneHooked On AngerWhen There Was Good Reason,Now We Can't Shake The HabitAnger has become the national habit.You see it on the sullen faces of fashion models who have obviously been told that anger sells.It pours out of the radio all day.Washington journalism hams snarl and shout at each other on television.Generations exchange sneers on TV and printed page.Ordinary people abuse congressmen and president with shockingly personal insults.America is angry at Washington,angry at the press,angry at immigrants,angry at television,angry at traffic,angry at people who are well off and angry at people who are poor,angry at blacks and angry at whites.The old are angry at the young,the young angry at the old.Suburbs are angry at cities,cities are angry at suburbs, and rustic America is angry at both whenever urban and suburban intruders threaten the peaceful rustic sense of having escaped from God's Angry Land.Enough:A complete catalogue of the varieties of bile would fill a library.The question is why.Why has anger become a reflexive response to the inevitable vagaries of national life?Living perpetually at the boiling point seems to leave the country depressed and pessimistic.Studythose scowling models wearing the latest clothes in the Sunday papers and magazines.What a pity to waste such lovely newclothes on people so incapable of happiness.The popularity of anger is doubly puzzling,not only because the American habit even in the worst of times has been mindless optimism,but also because there is relatively little nowadays for the nation to be angry about.The country happily re-elected President Eisenhower in1956because it believed his campaign boast about giving it peace.The"peace"was life under the endless threat of nuclear devastation.By contrast the country now,at last,really does enjoy peace,and if the prosperity is not so solid as it was in the 1950s,American wealth is still the world's vastest.So,with real peace and prosperity,what's to be furious about?The explanation,I suspect,is that the country got itself hooked on anger long ago when there was very good reason for anger and can't shake the habit.Massive,irritating and even scary expressions of it were vital in shaking an obdurate government,contemptuous of public opinion,from its determination to pursue war ad infinitum in Vietnam.Massive,irritating and even scary expressions of anger-from Americans both black and white-were needed for the triumph of Martin Luther King and the civil rights movement.But what monumental struggle confronts us now?Giving young black people a stake in America is our most pressing problem,but nobody shouts much about that.Most other problems are so unmonumental that we might think the times ripe for greatness:an era of civility conducive to good feeling among neighbors of all races and persuasions.It's easy to imagine the cries of rage from a people habituated to crying rage:Are women not oppressed by glass ceilings?Do black Americans not suffer the disrespect of a racist world?Who dares talk of prosperity when the wealth is distributed so unfairly?True,all true.These are exceedingly complex problems not amenable to solution by red-hot anger.Politically minded people concerned with these issues have always known that low-grade anger must be maintained,that political feet must be kept to the fire,that the squeaky wheel gets the grease,and so on.The high-intensity fury now seething through the land on these and a hundred other issues,however,doesn't seem focused on any social or economic goal.It's as though the nation got mad as hell a long time ago,got good results, and now can't shake the habit.1)Baker is puzzled by so many expressions of anger because________.A)of traditional mindlessnessB)the United States enjoys relative peace and prosperityC)there is little for the nation to be angry aboutD)both B and C2)Baker points out that the United States under President Eisenhower had________.A)a fear of nuclear devastationB)people angry at Congress and WashingtonC)considerable racial tensionD)both A and B3)Baker believes that anger helped bring about________.A the end of the Vietnam WarB)the election of Dwight D.EisenhowerC)the triumph of the civil rights movementD)both A and C4)He believes our most pressing problem today is________.A)depression and pessimismB)our economyC)improving opportunity for young black peopleD)peaceful coexistence with other nations5)The author is surprised that________.A)today is not a time of greatnessB)we do not show great civility to one anotherC)this is not a golden age of progressD)all of the abovePassage TwoScience and TechnologyOptimism and empowerment.As the century drew to a close,the potential for human invention and understanding appeared boundless.Scientific understanding expanded daily,from the fundamental building blocks of matter to the source code of all life to the origins,and perhaps the eventual demise,of the universe.The technological advances of the1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social and economic revolution that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries earlier,creating a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of digitized information,commerce,and communication at its fingertips.The new"Digital Age", represented by the"Information Superhighway"was not all-inclusive,threatened to leave many behind,including older citizens and those who could not afford the new technology.Still,by1999more than three-quarters of the U. S.population was"plugged in"to the new digital society,and most Americans felt that technological advances were improving their quality of life.Optimism was the reigning tone of the decade.New advances in science and technology seemed to promise eventual solutions to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shopping—genetic engineers developed microbes that would eat industrial sludge and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's(MIT)Media Lab worked to devise a refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk and use the Internet to order more.The1990s allayed the fear that a technologicallyadvanced society was necessarily heavily centralized,with Big Brother watching every move.Instead,with the creation of the Internet and the World Wide Web,and their emphasis on decentralization,equality,and the open sharing ofresources,many individuals found that greater access to information increased their sense of personal freedom and power.Ethics and the Natural.With the explosion of knowledge came public concern over where all of these new discoveries and technologies might be taking society.The cloning of an animal in1997suggested that human cloning had become viable as well,raising concerns—no longer quite theoretical—that humanity might be moving toward a"brave new world"of genetically engineered people.The Human Genome Project,launched in 1990with a mission to decode the entire human genetic makeup,held promises for an end to genetic disorders, but threatened to open the way for"designer babies",who could be genetically altered to suit their parents' wishes.While many argued that plant and animal breeders had been fooling around with genetics for centuries in order to better the lot of humankind,others pointed out that new advances in genetics allowed researchers to cross boundaries set by nature,implanting human genes in animals in order to turn them into medicine factories, creating plants that produced plastics and glowed in the dark,even attempting to create“terminator"seeds that stifled their own reproductive capacity in order to maintain the seed manufacturer's cash flow.The question of what was"natural"came under serious consideration,as no aspect of the environment and the organisms in it seemed safe from genetic tinkering.Yet,while experiments with human cloning or customizing a child's genetic makeup seemed abhorrent to most Americans,there was general support for genetic research that could help to identify and cure genetic diseases or make food sources healthier and more plentiful for a growing global population.Privacy.Privacy was an overarching concern with many of the technological and scientific advances of the1990s. The Internet was an amazing new tool for sharing information,yet it was also a powerful means for finding information that was intended to be private,including government and military secrets,the source codes to proprietary software,and even a neighbor's social security panies and individuals alike worried that their private information would be compromised when sophisticated computer technologists could"hack"into protected computer systems and erase or steal important puter viruses,self-replicating codes written by malicious individuals,could steal into personal computer systems through e-mail or the Web and wreak havoc with the data stored there.Protecting privacy over the Internet was not easy,and many people worried that government attempts to intervene would only cripple the development of the Internet.Similar fears were sparked when concerned groups lobbied the government to outlaw pornography and other disturbing materials on the Web in the name of"protecting the children".While most Americans agreed that children should not be exposed to such material,attempts to regulate the content of individual Web pages and newsgroups conflicted with the idea of the Internet as an open,decentralized mass medium,where even the most absurd or repellant ideas could receive a hearing.Digital surveillance in the workplace also became an issue,as some companies spied on their workers'use of the Internet and e-mail.Genetics and Privacy.Advances in genetics also threatened personal privacy.With the Human Genome Project scheduled to be finished early in the twenty-first century,and private companiescompeting to win patents on genetic discoveries,many individuals worried about what scientists might do with a complete understanding of the human genetic code.While genetic diseases could be discovered and perhaps cured,this information might also be used to discriminate against people predisposed to certain genetic malfunctions,or to group individuals based on their genetic data.The idea that scientists would own patents on the human genetic code was disturbing, as well,as it meant that human life could become a proprietary resource.Big Science And Little Science.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)continued to wow the world,sending the giant Hubble Telescope into orbit to gather and transmit never-before-seen images of deep space that offered increasingly tantalizing clues to the origins of the universe.The search for extraterrestrial life continued during the decade,as NASA scientists found possible evidence of bacterial life in a meteor from Mars, and distant planets were discovered that might contain water.NASA sent space probes to land on the surface of Mars,sent national hero John Herschel Glenn Jr.back into space to study aging,and made plans to build an International Space Station with research teams from other countries.Still,some critics wondered if all of the money spent on space research might not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth,almost as if the diversion of space was no longer as necessary when there were so many new and interesting projects going on right here.One of the most fascinating new realms of study was nanotechnology,a field of research that attempted to manipulate matter at the molecular level,building new devices atom by atom that could be used in miniaturized manufacturing,drug-delivery system,and tiny minicomputers.With the discovery of a new family of carbon molecules known as fullerenes,nanotechnology researchers had a new raw material to work with.The science was still very experimental at the turn of the century,but researchers and government officials saw great potential for this science of the tiny.6)This article is mainly about_____.A)how to tackle the problems in the new"Digital Age"B)the direction of scientific and technological developmentC)both the positive and negative effects of the technological advancesD)the great impact on our ethics and privacy brought by the technological advances7)The phrase"plugged in"in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_____.A)interested in B)accustomed to C)fascinated by D)connected to8)Concerned about the potential effect of the Human Genome Project,most Americans would_____.A)welcome human cloning to improve their standard of livingB)support the genetic research which could help to cure genetic diseasesC)welcome creating plants that produced plastics and glowed in the darkD)support making genetically altered babies to suit their parents'wishes9)The development of genetic science might threaten personal privacy in that_____.A)the data of the people with genetic diseases will be publishedB)people may be treated differently based on their genetic dataC)patents on the human genetic code will bring scientists enormous profitsD)scientists will use information about human life for personal gains10)What is the critics'attitude towards the large scale of space research as mentioned in the last paragraph?A)They believe that such a research would be a waste of resources.B)They doubt its necessity because there are new and interesting projects on Earth.C)They are concerned that space research would prove to be fruitless.D)They believe that space research is not so important as nanotechnology.Passage ThreeAn upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought.If animals do have intelligence,how do scientists measure it?Before defining animals'intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence.Instinct is not intelligence.It is a skill programmed into an animal's brain by its genetic heritage.Rote conditioning is also not intelligence.Tricks can be learned by repetition,but no real thinking is involved.Cuing,in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.Scientists believe that insight,the ability to use tools,and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals.When judging animal intelligence,scientists look for insight,which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree,she noticed crates scattered about the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid,then climbed on them to reach her reward.The gorilla's insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence.Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks.The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do.Likewise,otters use rocks to crack open crab shells in order to get at the meat.In a series of complex moves,chimpanzees have been known to use sticks and stalks in order to get at a favorites snack---termites.To make and use a termite tool,a chimp first selects just the right stalk or twig.He trims and shapes the stick,then finds the entrance to a termite mound.While inserting the stick carefully into the entrance,the chimpanzee turns it skillfully to fit the inner tunnels.The chimp attracts the insects by shaking the twig.Then it pulls the tool out without scraping off any termites.Finally,he uses his lips to skim the termites into his mouth.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language.One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than250abstract symbols on a keyboard.These symbols represent human words.An amazing parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types.He can understand the difference between the number,color,and kind of object.The ability to classify is a basic thinking skill.He seems to use language to express his needs and emotions.When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay,this parrot turned to go.“Come here!”he cried to a scientist who works with him.“I love you.I’m sorry.Wanna go back?”The research on animal intelligence raises important questions.If animals are smarter than oncethought,would that change the way humans interact with them?Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival?Would animals still be used for food,clothing,or medical experimentation?Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained,problem-solving species like our own.11.As is mentioned in Paragraph1,“tricks”played by animals may be________.A.a sign of intelligenceB.a sign of instinctC.learned through trainingD.programmed in their brain at birth12.Crows’using sticks to get nuts out of cracks illustrates_________.。

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2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
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考试科目： 翻译硕士英语
第 1 页 共 8 页
13. No _____ woman would go alone to a bar like that one. A. respectful B. respectable C. respecting D. respective 14. Thirty-six hours_____ the length of time for which I should be paid. A. are B. was C. is D. were 15. _____ out of season, I should have ordered some from the fruit stand. A. If oranges would have been B. If oranges have not been C. Had oranges not been D. Should oranges not have been 16. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground. A. rough B. crude C. raw D. tough 17. Uncle Bill used to climb mountains but he isn’t as____ as before. A. aged B. astringent C. agile D. antic 18. Many attended the conference, a brief report _____has been published. A. of which B. which C. of that D. for which 19. In his ____ to meet with the architects, he found the difficulties of obtaining a visa very discouraging. A. journey B. endeavor C. nightmare D. failure 20. Many large ______ cities have outgrown their water supplies and rely on water from distant sources. A. metropolitan B. suburban C. industrious D. rural 21. Because of her _____, Queen Victoria was unendingly confronted by artists wishing to paint her picture. A. timidity B. celebrity C. irritability D. reclusiveness 22. Unlike animals, plants are able to make their own food through a process known as ______. A. pollination B. germination C. photosynthesis D. fission 23. To maximize chances of _____ a heart attack, one should get immediate medical care at the first onset of symptoms. A. disappearing B. surviving C. lessening D. diagnosing 24. It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works_____. A. at all B. above all C. in all D. after all 25. A pie chart may be used to show the relative _____ of values. A. swarm B. diagram C. distribution D. tones 26. An effective employer must have the courage to ______ an employee who fails to perform. A. lay on B. lay off C. lay out D. lay over 27. The key to maintaining brushes is to _____ them well before washing off the paint. A. press B. soak C. flash D. crack 28. The matter is ______ settled; we may look upon it as being settled. A. as long as B. for good C. for sure D. as good as

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中国传媒大学2008语言学及应用语言学考研试题
[]语言学理论（150分）
一、解释下列概念：
预设触发语言语社团社会方言合作原则皮钦语
二、选择题。
1、转换生成语言学产生在
A、19世纪中叶
B、20世纪中叶
语言学及应用语言学试题与经验（含13年初试7年复试真题）一（转）收到通知书了，在家闲着没事做，把“外院男生”学长的经验贴翻出来结合其他网上的资料和自己的一些想法修订一下，毕竟两三年过去了，变化还是比较多的。之前在那个帖子里获得的信息非常多，复习的过程中学长也帮了不少忙，现在修订一下算是回报吧，嗯，要学会感恩。希望对想考的童鞋们有帮助，也希望以后有人继续下去哈。
我们特别需要一批能够仰望星空的人
二名词解释
1鼻化音2哈里迪3语言的社会变体4亲属语言5意音文字
三分析(空白语)（注：
原题目很长，我记得是空语类，不是空白语，供参考吧）1 a.我们打算再写一篇。2 a.我劝他不要来。
b.我们同意再写一篇。b.我也找点东西吃。
c.我们允许再写一篇。
3分析歧义结构
a.孩子在火车上写字。b.张老师也教数学。
5.请画出矩阵图对下面一组词进行义素分析。
椅子沙发凳子草垫
三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）
1.语言都有哪些功能？
2.多义词和同音词有什么不同？
3.什么叫韵律？举例说明韵律在语言交际中的作用。
4.什么叫做间接言语行为？请举例说明。
四、论述题（每题20分，共40分）
1.试论汉字与汉语的关系，阐释为什么汉字作为世界上保存下来的仅有的意音文字能一直使用到今天。

（５）
不和在饭菜里，暗暗给我们吃。
我未必无意之中，不吃了我妹子的几片肉，现在也轮到我自己，……有了四千年吃人履 历的我，当初虽然不知道，现在明白，难见真的人!
注释： （1）捻（动）捻る。 （２）大哥（名）アニキ。 （3）乘凉（动）涼む。 （4）爷娘（名）親、両親。 （５）未必（词组）……ないとも限らない。 Ⅲ 次のテーマで日本語の文を書きなさい（50 点）
（3）
， 大哥说爷娘
（4）
生病， 做儿子的须割下一片肉来， 煮熟了请他吃，才算好人；
母亲也没有说不行。一片吃得，整个的自然也吃得。但是那天的哭法，现在想起来，实在还 教人伤心，这真是奇极的事！ 不能想了。 四千年来时时吃人的地方，今天才明白，我也在其中混了多年；大哥正管着家务，妹子 恰恰死了，他未必
考试科目： 翻译与写作
のどぼとけ
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
（3）
を引っ込めて「あゝ」という気のきかない声を出したり、まぶたを
共 2 页， 第 1 页
ひっくり返されたりするようななんでもない事が、ちょうど平衡を失ってゆるんでいるき わどいすきまへ出くわすためだかどうか、よくはわからないが、場合によってはこんな事 でも、とにかくすでに「笑い」のほうに向かって、倒れかかっている気分に軽い衝撃を与 えるような効果はあるらしい。
2013 年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题
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学科与专业名称：日语语言文学 考试科目代码与名称：802 翻译与写作
注（1）くすぐったい（形）痒；难为情 （2）かろうじて（副）好容易，勉勉强强 （3）咽喉仏（名）喉结

北京语言大学语言学、文字学专业历年复试完整版（04-13年）2013年语用、文字复试真题语言学（25分）一、举例对比说明汉语普通话和英语的音节结构特点。

（5分）二、什么是语法化？举例说明。

(5分)三、举例说明汉语借词的类型。

（7分）四、给出了汉语隋唐时期的几个音位，从中归纳出发生的变化。

并据此说明语音演变的特点。

（8分）就是辅音声母在轻音节中变成浊音的那几个音p-b 这些。

实际上就是考察浊音清化，然后说明语音演变的特点规律就是了。

现代汉语（50分）五、给出了几个词：饿姐每学本等而（跟08年复试真题一样）写出汉语拼音，列表分析音节结构。

然后，写出严式音标，根据其中的主要原因，结合音位归纳原则对主要元音进行音位归纳。

（10分）六、同义词辨析，并说明同义词辨析的方法和步骤（8分）生命-性命废除-解除-破除（这个直接跟08年复试真题一样）七、说明下列单位哪些是音节语素词短语？简单说明理由。

如果是合成词的话，说明词的类型。

（7分）奋忐鸳鸯白菜白布依靠银两管家（这个也是跟08年复试真题一样，多了几个而已）八、实词和虚词划分的标准？把实词又分为名词动词之类的，把虚词分为介词连词等，二者划分的一致性是什么？（这个跟07年复试真题基本一样）（5分）九、给出了几个“把”字句和“被”字句，然后回答问题，这个题目跟2010年文字初试真题一样，例子略有区别。

具体例子没记住，只是记住了题目的答案。

（10分）问题1：“把”字句和“被”字句中动词的区别。

问题2：解释造成这种动词区别的原因。

十、两个句子：（5分）看情况！我把东西放下，就回家了。

两个句子外观上没有主语，比较两个句子的不同。

十一、歧义分化的实质是什么？（01年就是这个题，郑贵有老师的讲义讲了）（5分）古代汉语（25分）十二、翻译一段文字，原文是没有标点的。

（10分）孟子曰：“桀纣之失天下也，失其民也；失其民者，失其心也。

得天下有道：得其民，斯得天下矣；得其民有道：得其心，斯得民矣；得其心有道：所欲与之聚之，所恶勿施尔也。