必修四模块4
语法学案
课题Great Scientists 课时 1 课时
教学目标1.Revise some language points.
2. Learn more about Grammar of the module .
3.Learn to use this Grammar.
教学重点Revision of passive voice
教学难点Deal with some important exercises about it.
课堂导学
被动语态复习Revision of passive voice
(一)语态分类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be+过去分词构成。(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样,列表如下：
一般现在时am/is/are + done
一般过去时was/were + done
一般将来时Shal l＋will +be+ done
现在进行时am/is/are+ being+done
过去进行时was/were+being +done
过去将来时Should/would+b e+done
现在完成时Has/have+been+done
过去完成时Had +been + done
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)被动语态常用的八种时态
1. 一般现在时
People grow rice in the south of the states.
_______________________________________________________(改为被动)
T he school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
We __________________enter the chemistry lab wi thout a teacher. (被动)
2. 一般过去时
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
And the students didn't forget his lessons easily.
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and his lessons______________________.
3. 一般将来时
They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars ___________abroad by sea.
They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.
Plenty of jobs _________________school-leavers.
4. 过去将来时
The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
The manager said the project ______________________________________________
5. 现在进行时
The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
English lessons ________________________________________________________
6. 过去进行时
This time last year we were planting trees here.
Trees ____________________________________________________
7. 现在完成时
Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.
I __________________ the sports meet might be put off.
8. 过去完成时
People had considered him to be a great leader.
He _______________________________________________
9. 含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
e.g. The teacher said, “You must hand in your compositions after class. ”
The teacher said, “Your compositions must be handed in after class. ”
He can write a great many letters with the computer.
A great many letters ___________________________________________
(四)被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+ 名词作状语，而代替by短语。
These cars were made in China.
15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.
英译汉：______________________________________________________________
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+ 地点名词作状语。如：
My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
主语谓语宾语
