高级英语第三版第二册1—6课修辞

高级英语第三版（1-6课除去5）修辞汇总Metaphor （暗喻）1.We can battle down and ride it out.2.Wind and rain now whipped the house.3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi.4.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when themuted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.5.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.6.…anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials inU.S. history.7.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on acircus atmosphere.8.The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with ricketystands selling hot…9.After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his openingstatement.10.The crowed seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels withthe hot breath of his oratory as he should have.11.…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.12.The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of theMississippi River, main in artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. 13.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverfever in Nevada's Washoe region.14.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.15.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging hisway to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.16.He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopefulyoung writers.17.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had…Simile(明喻)1.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.Water rose above their ankles.2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.4.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power linescoiled like black spaghetti over the roads.5.Telephone poles and 2O-inoh-thiok pines cracked like suns as the winds snapped.6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.Personification(拟人)1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off thehouse and skimmed it 40feet through the air.2.America laughed with him.3.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughTransferred Epithet(移就)1.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from theirspectacular vantage point。

Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。

1.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.。

英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。

明喻的表达方法是：A像B。

2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。

喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。

暗喻又叫隐喻。

例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。

（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。

4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。

就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。

5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。

夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。

转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。

转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。

10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。

Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simile1inside.—metaphor2Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression3All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax4And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson71Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3The country itself is not uncomely,despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes,understatement4Obviously,if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof,to throw off the heavy winter snows,but still essentially a low and clinging building,wider than it was tall.—sarcasm5And one and all they are streaked in grime,with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor6When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor7I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8Safe in a Pullman,Ihave whirled through the gloomy,God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas,and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony10They like it as it is:beside it,the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor。

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King's English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides （Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指,引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)-—descendants of convicts (Para。

7)--Saxon churls （Para. 8）——Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. （Para. 3）4。

Metaphor1。

No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para。

2）2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern。

（Para。

3）3。

Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para。

4）4。

The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para。

6)5。

The conversation was on wings。

（Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth。

L e s s o n 1 1 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor 2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile 3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor Lesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between thepiles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has beenpassed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century,tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyburden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little wecan do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended upinside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can dofor your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at firstI was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement 6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphorLesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings bythe young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖ sheik‖ , and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet 2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released theirinhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to giveall to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge. —paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。

⾼级英语第⼆册第三版第⼆课Marrakech修辞汇总1.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?。

高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
修辞（Rhetoric）是指修词造句的艺术，旨在使文章表达更加
生动、准确。

在英语写作中，修辞手法的运用可以为文本增添色彩
并强化文章逻辑。

以下是本文对高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手
法的整理：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将两种不同的事物进行比较来强化
表达。

例：“你是我的太阳”（You are my sunshine）。

2. 拟人（Personification）：将非人事物拟人化，使其表现出人
类的特性。

例：“阳光明媚”（The sunshine smiled upon us）。

3. 讽刺（Irony）：用反语强调与实际相反的意思。

例：“我今
天看起来真好看，唯一的问题是我感冒了”（I look amazing today. The only problem is that I have a cold.）。

6. 借代（Metonymy）：用一个相关的单词或短语来替代原文，起到简洁的效果。

例：“冠军”（champion）代表整个团队获胜。

7. 倍受争议的说法（Euphemism）：用含蓄、委婉和微妙的词语或说法来表达直接或难以接受的事情。

例：“真是一个有趣的人”（He is quite a character）。

以上是高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手法整理，希望对大家的英语写作有所帮助。

高级英语第二册修辞Lesson 11The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor7. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. Metaphor, personification8. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised thesubject, wondering more about her. Metaphor9. and no one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. Metaphor10 The conversation is on the wings. Metaphor11. They did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of t heir thoughts and feelings. Metaphor12. The glow of the conversation burst into flames.MetaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile7 … there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards,all clamoring for a cigarette. Transferred epithet8. four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter ofiron wheels. Onomatopoeia9. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?Rhetorical question10. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. Simile11. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.simileLesson 31Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding8. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. Parallelism9. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foeto assure the survival and the success of liberty. Parallelism (or parallel structure) and Alliteration10. And if a beachhead of co-operation my push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides joinin creating a new endeavor. Metaphor11 We observe today not a victory of part but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as wellas a beginning, signifying renewal as well as a change. Parallelism (or parallel structure)12. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that …Alliteration13. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. metaphor14. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems whichdivide us. antithesis15. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. repetitionLesson 41Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old Chi na and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor7. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. Transferred epithet8. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s f rontier. metaphor9. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guidethem during a grail, metonymy10. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. understatement11. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. M etonymy12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker for the rain. M etonymy13. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. M etonymy14. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful. Antithesis15. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Lookat Petey --- a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Antithesis16. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.Synecdoche17. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? Rhetorical question18. I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It waslike digging a tunnel. Simile19. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, aspenetrating as a scalpel.Simile and Hyperbole20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metaphor21. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. HyperboleLesson 51The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:”.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy7Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor8These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche9. The important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, was the rallyingpoint of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor10. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town andFamilies.... metaphor11. Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for… Metonymy and Personification12. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit which denounced it. Metonymy13. until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to ahalt and… metaphorLesson 61The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crow ds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet2So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor3Sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood — alliteration; metaphor4Tin Pan Alley .— metonymy5New York was never Mecca to me. .— metonymy; metaphor6Nature constantly yields to man in New York .— personification7So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers .—as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers. .—simile;onomatopoeia8Those paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’t get acting jobs do commercials;those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines — parallelism 9“So what else is new?” .— rhetorical question10The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town .— euphemism 11All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be….. .— metaphor12Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously .—personificationLesson 101. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of the town.2. His choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonderas to whether or not it will cost him all his friends. Transferred epithetSimileand as persistent—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmenIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky. Metaphorhis props have all been knocked out from under himarmed with two Bessie Smith records …accept my role in the extraordinary drama which is America…when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in … unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles…an American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs…to step out of that lukewarm bath…Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.An American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder. Simile明喻Metaphor暗喻Alliteration头韵法Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶Transferred Epithet 移就Metonymy 借喻，转喻Synecdoche 提喻Synaesthesia通感Personification 拟人Hyperbole 夸张Parallelism 排比Euphemism 委婉语Repetition重复Irony 讽刺，反语Pun 双关Rhetorical question 修辞疑问Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Climax 渐进法，层进法Anticlimax 渐降法Onomatopoeia 拟声Allusion 隐喻Antonomasia 换称。