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宁夏地区20种植物丙酮提取物抑菌活性研究摘要采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了20种植物丙酮提取物对番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)的抑制效应。
研究结果表明,在供试质量浓度为0.01 g/mL时,老瓜头、蛇果黄堇、小蓝雪花、苦豆子、苍耳、针叶短枝芸香等6种植物提取物对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长抑制率大于60%,对番茄早疫病菌、玉米大斑病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用较强,抑制率均在80%以上,其中小蓝雪花提取物对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为100%,对2种供试菌孢子萌发的抑制率分别为92.1%和95.3%。
关键词植物提取物;抑菌活性;植物病原菌;宁夏地区AntifungalActivityofAcetoneExtractsfrom20SpeciesofPlantinNingxiaAreaHEYu-ling(Yinchuan Taifeng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Yinchuan Ningxia 750200)AbstractWith growth rate and spore germination method,biological activity of twenty acetone extracts were assayed against Alternaria solani and Exserohilum turcicum. The results showed that in the tested concentration 0.01 g/mL,six plant extracts had more than 60% inhibition of mycelium growth in A.solani,and more than 80% inhibition of spore germination in A.solani and E.turcicum,they were Cynanchum komarovii Al.iljinski,Corydalis ophiocarpa,Plumbagella micrantha spach,Sophora alopecuroides Linn.,Xanthium sibiricum Patr.,Hap lophyllum tragaccmthoides Dids,and among them,the P.micrantha spach extract produced mycelium growth inhibition of 100% in A.solani,spore germination inhibition of 92.1% and 95.3% in A.solani and E.turcicum.Key wordsplant extracts;antifungal activity;plant pathogen;Ningxia area由于化学合成农药本身的特点及其不合理使用,造成对非靶标生物的毒害和环境污染并且导致害物产生抗药性[1],植物源杀菌剂因其具有高效、低残留、对人畜牧安全等特性,受到深入研究。
针对有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的抑制作用研究目的：对有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的抑制作用进行探讨。
方法：选取2010年1月-2014年12月在笔者所在医院治疗的100例有机磷农药中毒患者，分别对患者中毒后1、24、48、72、120 h及治愈后的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性进行检测，比较患者中毒后与治愈后的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性，进行对照分析。
结果：中毒后1、24、48、72、120 h患者血液中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性明显低于治愈后，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。
100例中毒患者在抢救治疗后，死亡率为13.00%，剩余患者转到相关科室或转院继续进行治疗。
结论：急性有机磷中毒后，大大抑制患者的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性，导致乙酰胆碱酶在患者脑组织大量累积，严重影响患者的预后，因此需及时给予患者有效处理，缓解患者神经组织受到的损伤，保证患者脑组织的完整性。
[Abstract] Objective：To explore the inhibitory effects of organophosphorus pesticides on acetylcholinesterase activity.Method：In our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 100 cases of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients were selected.For patients with after poisoning respectively 1，24，48，72，120 h and acetylcholinesterase activity were detected after parison of patients cured after poisoning and acetylcholinesterase activity were analyzed.Result：1，24，48，72，120 h acetylcholinesterase in the blood of patients were significantly lower than that of the activity after poisoning after cure，there were significant difference（P＜0.05）.100 cases of poisoning patients in the emergency treatment，the mortality rate was 13%，the remaining patients transferred to the relevant department or hospital to continue treatment.Conclusion：Acute organophosphate poisoning patients，greatly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity，leading to acetylcholine accumulation in brain tissue of patients，seriously affect the prognosis of patients，patients need timely effective treatment therefore，alleviate nerve tissue of patients with trauma，ensure completeness of patients with brain tissue.[Key words] Organophosphorus pesticide；Acetylcholinesterase activity；Inhibition急性有机磷中毒属于我国临床治疗中的常见病症[1]。
