(完整word版)动词-ing形式的被动式

动词-ing 形式动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。

动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。

主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成一、动词-ing形式作主语1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。

如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。

Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。

Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。

2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。

如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。

如:It’s no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。

It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。

It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。

二、动词-ing用作宾语1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。

动词—ing形式被动式的语法功能作者：詹春萍来源：《高中生学习·高二理综版》2013年第03期动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的三种形式之一，结构虽然不是很复杂，但内涵丰富，功能较多。

今天我们就着重谈谈动词-ing形式的被动式。

通过下面的表格我们对它的构成会有比较清晰的了解。

[名称＼&形式＼&语法意义＼&一般被动形式＼&being done＼&表示正在进行的被动动作或被动动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生＼&完成被动式＼&having been done＼&表示被动动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前＼&]The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.松鼠很幸运，逃脱了捕获。

Having been exposed to the sunlight for long，you will feel faint and sick.长时间呆在阳光下，你会感到头晕、不舒服。

就语法功能而言，动词-ing形式可以在句中充当以下六种成分：一、作主语Being exposed to the sunlight for long is harmful to your skin.长时间暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤不好。

细心的同学会发现这个句子跟前面一个句子很像，但所用形式不同。

我们要记住的是：动词-ing的完成被动式不能作主语。

二、作宾语1. 作动词宾语Nobody likes being laughed at in public.没有人喜欢被当众嘲笑。

想掌握动词-ing形式的被动式作宾语，首先要记住常见的后面要求跟-ing形式作宾语的动词。

如：consider， suggest/advise， look forward to， admit， delay， avoid， miss， practice，deny， finish， enjoy， appreciate， imagine， risk， mind， escape。

动词ing形式的用法动词的-ing 形式动词-ing形式有主动、被动两种形式，一般式和完成式。

说明：1. 动词-ing形式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语同时发生或稍后发生。

2. 动词-ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

3. 动词-ing形式的被动形式being done, having been done表示正在被发生或已经被发生。

4. 动词-ing形式的否定形式：not doing/not having done/not being done/not having been done。

1、如何区别动名词和现在分词动名词和现在分词的构成相同，即动词原形ing。

那么，在使用的过程中如何区别它们呢？⒈用法不同动词除具有动词的特征外，还有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；而现在分词除具有动词的特征外，还具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作定语、表语、状语、补语等。

⒉区分方法：①如果-ing形式在句子中作状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。

如：She saw Jim playing with the cat.Having finished his homework,he went out to play.②如果-ing形式在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语，那么它一定是动名词。

如：Smoking is harm to your body.I like swimming.His aim,going to college,will come true.③作定语的区分方法：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式有逻辑上的主谓关系，即都表示所修饰的人或物所发出的动作，那么它就是现在分词；如果没有，那么它就是动名词。

如：Do you like sleeping cars?(动名词）The sleeping girl is my little sister.（现在分词）④作表语的区分方法：如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，和主语的位置不能互换，那么ing形式就是现在分词；如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语互换位置，那么ing形式就是动名词。

动词-ing形式小结动词-ing形式概述v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时态和语态的特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。

动词-ing形式的时态、语态主动语态被动语态一般式 writing being written完成式 having written having been written否定式 not writingv.-ing形式的一般式V.-ing形式的一般式的构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。

用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。

Seeking after knowledge is human nature．求知是人的本性。

Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook．出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。

Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth．吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。

My favourite sport is playing table tennis．我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。

行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。

The students came into the classroom laughing and talking．学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。

As she saw me，she came over smiling．她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。

Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday．康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。

行为在主要动作之前或之后。

Antonio remembered sending his mother an email three times last month．安东尼记得上个月给他母亲发了三次电子邮件．(在前)Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him．李先生出去后将门随手关上。

高三复习学案学习目标：1. 复习并掌握动词ing形式的构成以及ing形式的用法;2. 能基本弄清Ing形式和过去分词以及不定式的用法。

一：动词ing形式的构成规律有哪些?各举一个例子说明.例如：1. 在动词后直接加ing , walk→walking二.动词－ing形式用法归纳1. 动词ing形式的构成，填下面的表格分词的否定形式：三．Ing形式用法探究探究1：Ing形式的句法功能动词的-ing形式，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语﹑定语和补足语；动词ing形式还可以在句子中做状语：1) 时间状语2). 结果状语3). 伴随状语，方式状语或补充说明4). 原因状语5）作让步状语6) 作条件状语说出下列句子中ing形式在句中做什么成分1.Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin .2.Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes .3. Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage .4. I heard someone knocking at the door.5. While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends.6. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.7. I stood by the door ,not daring to say a word .8. The bridge being built is designed by his uncle .9. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.注意：分词与主句主语是主谓关系；否定副词放在分词之前探究2 ing形式用在with 复合结构和独立主格结构中1．with 的复合结构The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter leading the way.知识拓展：with复合结构与其他非谓语动词形式的运用With his eyes fixed on the wall, Tom lay on the floor.With a lot of work to deal with , Jim can’t go out with his friends.2. 独立主格结构If weather permits, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.=Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.There is nobody in the room. Come in and have a chat.=There being nobody in the room, come in…知识拓展1.在动词ing形式前可加连词为了强调与谓语动词同时发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用when或while；为强调在谓语动词之前或之后发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用before或after.E.g. Don’t laugh, while eating.Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University.After watching TV, he went to bed.2 在动词的-ing 之前可用on或upon, 表示”一….就…”.E.g. On/Upon arriving in Bejing, he went to see his uncle.3.为了强调结果, 可在动词的-ing 之前用thus.E.g. My friend Lucy works hard, thus getting praised by her boss.4. 在动词的-ing 之前可用though或although,E.g. Though working hard, he couldn’t make enough money to pay off his debts. 探究3 动词ing的一般式与完成式，主动与被动形式在句中的运用1) 动词－ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。

动词i n g的被动形式动词-ing形式的被动语态动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。

从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即being done和having been done.动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、和宾补；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作宾补、定语、表语和状语。

一，动词－ing形式的一般式和完成式1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

That building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。

She insisted on being given the hardest work. 她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。

2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

Having bee invited, Mr Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。

I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。

二，动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not.He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。

三，动名词的被动形式1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。

Being exposed to the nuclear radiation for long will do great harm to one’s health.长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。

动词-ing形式的被动式和过去分词的区别一、现在分词现在分词由动词加ing构成。

非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。

一、现在分词的两个基本特点。

1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。

例如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。

（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。

例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。

（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。

1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。

也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。

例如：①There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.②He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。

此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。

例如：①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.②European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。

教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; 动名词定语、状语、宾/主语补足语现在分词注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：2.V-ing形式的被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种;二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行;1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事;Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事;Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害; The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果;2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;He was afraid of _________________ abandon by did it without ___________ askYou can’t eat anything before _____________operate onI remember havingbeen told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲;What I hate most is ________________ laugh atThe problem is for from _______________ settle注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时,常用其一般式being done,不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时,若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生,可用其完成式having been done;如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会;②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时,其特点是只表被动,不表进行;③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时,有时可采用其复合结构形式,即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done;如：Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶;The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕;现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语,一般不作状语除个别情形例外；在句中既表被动又表进行.1、作宾补现在分词的被动式being done作宾补时,表示正在进行的被动的动作,常与感官动词连用;I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You’ll find the topic _______________ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ build注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式being done作定语时时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;The meeting ______________ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ operateon in the operating room. 注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时,表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作;如：a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议②现在分词的被动完成式having been done 不能做定语和宾补;The building having been built last year ×The building built last year √We found him having been killed. ×We found him killed √考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后,我们又被带着参观了实验室;Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后,他们取消了这次旅;Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other.因战争而分离多年后,他们都认不出对方了;Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了,那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做;注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构;The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.②在这种独立主格结构中,用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大;而为了简洁,习惯采用过去分词形式,如上面两句常表达成：The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时,都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系,区别不大,可以互换;但是在这种情况下,为了简洁,还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语;Asked=Having been asked to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的电影;Polluted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发或持续一段时间还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,但终归区别还是不大;Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;②在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义;His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语;如：We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析例题1题干_______ to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. 上海, 2002A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposeD. After beingexposed答案C解析本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C;例题2题干The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.答案being caught being left解析V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;例题3题干_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling答案A解析先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影,分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用基础1.________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off theirattempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch答案：A C解析：1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前;2.被抓住,所以用动名词的一般被动式巩固1.________ many times, he finally understood it.B. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told2. Your car needs ____________fill. 你这车要充气This city deserves _____________visit. 这座城市值得光顾一下;The problem requires ___________ studycarefully.这个问题需要认真研究;The trees want ___________ water.这些树需要浇水了;答案：2． filling visiting studying watering解析：1尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;被告诉发生在犯错误之前2.在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;拔高1. __________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstood misunderstoodC. Having understoodD. Misunderstood2. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party. 2000, 上海A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invite3The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched答案：解析：现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;课程小结1、V-ing的一般被动式being done可作主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语,一般不作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法,只表被动不表进行；作后置定语、宾/主补语时是现在分词的用法,既表被动又表进行;2、现在分词的被动完成式having been done,只表被动不表进行,可作宾语和状语,表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作;3、V-ing的一般被动式being done一般不用作状语,因为过去分词形式已经替代它作了状语;所以像这句话：Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见,习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据;课后作业基础请看下列句子,看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分;1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didn’t mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away巩固将下列句子翻译成英语;1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑;2. 这问题远远没有解决;3. 没有谁请他做,是他自己做的;4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西;5. 既然已做出了决定,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划;拔高改错Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he went ill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.答案基础1主语 2宾语 3定语 4状语 5状语巩固1. He could not bear being made fun of like that. 2. This question is far from being settled. 3. He did it without being asked. 4. You can’t eat anything before being operated on. 5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan拔高.1.losing--- lost2.he walking3.having 删除4.having been trained5.walking。