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第6课彩电企业直面反倾销诉讼一生词1. 倾销qīngxiāo（动）为扩大市场而以低于市场价格的卖价大量抛售商品。
2. 诉讼sùsîng（名）公民或检察官请求司法官本着司法权作裁判的行为，俗称“打官司”。
3. 递交dìjiāo（动）正式当面交给。
4. 矛头máotïu（名）矛的尖端，比喻攻击的锋芒。
5. 起诉书qǐsùshū提起诉讼的一种司法文书。
6. 商讨shāngtǎo（动）商量讨论。
7. 对策duìcâ（名）对付的策略或办法。
8. 侵占qīnzhàn（动）非法占有(财产、国土、利益、市场等)。
9. 始作俑者shǐzuîyǒngzhě（成）比喻第一个做某件坏事的人或某种恶劣风气的开创者。
10. 产业结构chǎnyâ jiãgîu也称国民经济的部门结构，指国民经济各产业部门(农业、轻工业、重工业、建筑业、商业服务业等)之间以及各产业部门内部的构成。
11. 本土běntǔ（名）本国、本地。
12. 局面júmiàn（名）一个时期内事情的状态、形势。
13. 增幅zēngfú（名）增长的幅度。
14. 延续yánxù（动）照原来的样子继续下去。
15. 攻势gōngshì（名）向敌方或竞争对手进攻的行动或态势。
16. 威胁wēixiã（动）用武力、威力或权势逼迫使人屈服。
17. 遏制âzhì（动）阻止、制止，控制、禁绝。
18. 维护wãihù（动）维持并保护（利益、主权、尊严、和平、自由、环境等），使之不受到破坏。
19. 格局gãjú（名）结构、格式，局势、形势。
20. 饱和bǎohã（动）课文中指市场上某种商品已足够多，无法再进一步扩大销售。
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译The Curtain Goes up 竹幕卷起Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline ― creating differing rules and added confusion中国政府允许外国在沿海投资― 从而差生了不同的法则并引起困惑By Mary Lee in Beijing1. A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself "open to the outside world" and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.满怀信心地中国卷起大部分竹幕，向世界宣布“对外开放”，几乎所有的城市都张挂起邀请外商来投资作正当生意的招牌。
2. The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19 "open" areas in all) nave specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. But every Provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.广东省和福建省的4个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市（都是以前的通商口岸）和海南岛（总共十九个“开放”区）为外国投资者制定了税收和其他方面的鼓励政策。
第一章1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization programme | which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural | and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became m ore serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period | not only because o f the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China's economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in1979. Official recognition (that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy)has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
精品文档欧盟的发展课第6 Economic Trouble Cloud New Market's Future 经济问题使新市场前景阴暗（摘录）（Excerpts）一、By Howard LafranchiStaff Writer of The Christian Science MonitorWhen the European Community's vast single market officially takes effect on Jan.1, there will be no balloons and brass bands, and holiday fliers between EC cities will still face passport checks at airports.Europeans will wake up new year's day with the same 10 per cent unemployment and doubts about European unity.日正式启动的时候，不会有气球与军乐队，11月当欧洲共同体的统一大市场在新年第一并且在欧共体的城市间乘飞机度假的人依然将面临在机场的护照检查。
％的失业率和对欧洲统一的怀疑。
天欧洲人醒来将依然面临着10Perissich, Ricardo expected,”says big bang some might have “There won't be the Ecdirector-general for the single market.欧共体负责单一市场的秘书长里卡”“不会有一些人可能期待的翻天覆地的变化，佩里西齐说。
多·Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step-free wealthiest barrierthe world's largest and forward it has taken in creatingand on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have let to some of market —ilure to reinforce the single market by pushing history's bloodiest wars.Moreover, a fainternal what the an unraveling of forward with European integration could lead to market program has achieved, some observers say.欧洲似乎忽视了欧共体统一市场这一具有革命性意义然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，而在过去几最富有的自由市场，的步伐，因为统一市场是创立了世界上最大的、另外某些观察人士个世纪欧洲经济纷争曾经导致了人类历史上最为血腥的战争。
《外刊经贸知识选读》练习资料-短文翻译翻译题1. The good news for Asian exporters to Europe is that after three years of recession, the 12 European Union economies are creaking back to life. That means consumers are likely to have more money to spend on Asian goods. The bad news is that EU trade officials, under pressure from increasingly strident industry groups, are tightening the screws on Asian imports. These include cars, TV sets, textiles and footwear. The trade friction contrasts with recent efforts by the EU to improve its diplomatic ties with Asia.2.While most people think of Hong Kong as a small market, it is, in fact, the largest export market for U. S. shell eggs. In 1985, the United States exported over 7 million dozen shell eggs valued at＄ 4 million for food use in Hong Kong. That market alone accounted for half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of total U. S. exports of shell eggs for food use. Hong Kong consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, eggs cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs. Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item.3.Major projects outside the oil and gas sector in Abu Dhabi(阿布扎比) appear to be on hold. This applies to the Lulu island development and the third crossing project, for which tenders have been invited three times, although the prospects for medium-size infrastructure projects in Abu Dhabi are reasonable. “Look where the money is coming from, what really matters is oil and gas, " a consultant says. The consensus is that these other projects will materialize; they are just not top priority at the moment.4．Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of hist ory’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，欧洲几乎冒险忽视了那种前进的革命性步伐，它曾以那种步伐创立了世界上最大的、最富有的自由市场——在一个大洲，那里几个世纪以来经济上的争斗已经导致了一些历史上最血腥的战争。
第六课主课文译文魁北克贸易高峰会带给欧洲的教训亚伦·卢卡斯最近，我刚刚结束了魁北克五日之行，那是一座位于圣劳伦斯河畔古色古香、风景如画的小镇，今后，它将以―世界催泪瓦斯之都‖载入史册。
我此行的目的是为了打入反全球化、反自由贸易运动的头脑人物内部，但问题是，那里根本没有―头脑‖可寻。
我所看到的只是心绪的漫天宣泄，我面前是一派悲天悯人的景象。
显而易见，这里的稀缺之物是清醒的思考。
我来魁北克有个堂而皇之的理由，那便是采访美洲高峰会，这是一次跨越西半球三十四位国家首脑的聚会，会议最重要的议题是通过谈判，努力建立起美洲自由贸易区–一个地域跨越阿拉斯加至阿根廷的无贸易壁垒区域。
其实，我来魁北克是为了―人民的峰会‖，那才是真正的亮点。
这一应运而生、有组织的活动看起来是要反映―人民的观点‖，还会是别的吗？（我曾想，那些参加峰会、经选举产生的领导人是为此目的而来，但我有什么资格向―那些人民‖提出质疑呢？）半球社会联盟由不同的社会团体组成，他们有着共同的思想意识和经济利益，他们共同反对贸易自由化。
该联盟这次邀请参加―反资本主义狂欢节‖的都是激进团体，从极左到更极左，―狂欢节‖在沿河畔搭建的硕大白色帐篷内举行。
加拿大政府好事做过了头，不仅资助了这项活动（其实是加拿大纳税人提供的资助），而且还为拉丁美洲的激进分子付费参加活动。
―反资本主义狂欢节‖丝毫无愧于它的名称，有小丑、木偶表演、拉拉队长的呐喊、舞者和演员的表演，还有―愤怒的奶奶们‖（一群不算太老辱骂大公司的妇女），甚至还有一个悬在空中、上面写着―实施安全贸易！‖的巨大绿色安全套。
或许我最喜欢的是那些身着蓝色服装、面对由纸浆制成的女水神像歌唱并参拜的演员们。
除了此道风景，别无其他实质性内容，无论是在街面上，还是在各类有组织的―讲道论坛‖中，情况均如此。
看一看下面的对话，这是我同一个保养得极好的年轻激进分子之间的谈话（当然喽，此人穿的是进口的牛崽裤和运动鞋）。
旺旺英语Lesson 14Soft Commodities非耐用商品Many prices are at historic lows, and the IMF expects further falls. Yet there are signs that the worse may be over. One key commodity, sugar, has recovered.许多商品的价格处于历史最低点，虽然国际货币基金组织预计价格还会进一步下跌。
但是，有迹象表明，最糟的局面已经结束了。
因为“糖”这种关键性商品的价格已经回升了。
Markets Have Lost Their Allure 市场已失去吸引力For Most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.对于大多数生产并买卖非耐用商品或农业品的人来说，这十年无疑是阴暗的十年。
Prices are in many cases at, or near, historic lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce. And—with most soothsayers forecasting flat, or still lower, prices—the markets themselves have lost much of their allure.许多情况下，产品的价格都在实际意义上处于或接近历史最低价，这是因为市场要应付泛滥成灾的过剩的农产品。
同时，大多数预言家预测价格将会持平，或者更低。
市场自身已经失去了很多的魅力。
Speculators who profited handsomely from the price volatility of the 1970s have deserted soft commodities for the newer excitement of financial futures or the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.从20世纪70年代的价格不稳中大笔获益的投机者们已经放弃了非耐用商品而寻求金融期货或有价证券带来的新的刺激以及股票和货币市场提供的巨额利润。
绝密★考试结束前全国2020年8月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂㊁写在答题纸上㊂选择题部分注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂ 2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑㊂如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号㊂不能答在试题卷上㊂一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其选出并将答题卡(纸)的相应代码涂黑㊂错涂㊁多涂或未涂均无分㊂1.We can see no justifications for an increase in the price.A.reasonsB.resultsC.explanationsD.disputes2.Multinational companies reaped great rewards of their foreign investment in developing countries.A.appealedB.offeredC.earnedD.rejected3.The aim is to modernize the moribund state-owned enterprises that threatened China’s economic progress.A.strongB.stagnantC.poorD.monopolistic4.The structure of the fund management industry and stock market may also exacerbate the problem.A.reduceB.worsenC.attributeD.develop5.Stock-taking of the open policy will come this year when the National People’s Congress discusses the next five-year plan.A.InquiryB.AcceptanceC.StatisticD.Assessment6.From the onset of the crisis,international organizations have been coordinating emergency activities.A.endingB.sunsetC.beginningD.growth7.The government plans to curtail economic growth to avoid speculative bubbles.A.enlargeB.continueC.assistD.restrict8.The America’s formidable capital and technological resources would be utilized to meet its objectives.A.powerfulB.availableC.vastD.different9.The law banned discrimination against people with physical disabilities in the workplace.A.equalityB.fairnessC.differentiationD.protection10.Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.A.water resourcesB.current assetsC.real estateD.fixed assets11.With unemployment rate at9.7%,the president is pressing the Congress to approve financial incentives for small businesses to add workers.A.controlB.capitalC.toolsD.stimulation12.9%of listed firms are technically insolvent and have stopped paying their debts.A.privateB.publicC.bankruptD.unsuccessful13.A substantial proportion of loans from the World Bank is still to be disbursed.A.borrowedB.paidC.declinedD.recovered14.This marks the first time in history that these companies will be subject to federal supervision.A.be free fromB.be exchanged byC.be occupied inD.be subordinated to15.Online education is a fledgling sector where no perfect model has been created.A.inexperiencedB.matureC.unfinishedD.uncertain二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂判断下列各题,在答题卡(纸)相应位置正确的涂 A”,错误的涂 B”㊂Passage1Force of the Multinationals Direct investment by multinational companies is becoming a hugely important force in the world economy.In essence,a combination of factors,such as the development of global communications and a change in the political climate towards multinationals,is bringing in an era of true global manufacturing.A company such as Siemens may now start making a product in Germany then ship itto Malaysia for the labor⁃intensive final stages of manufacture.The strategy by Japanese companies of locating production in cheaper Far Eastern countries such as Thailand has done much to integrate the economies of the companies were setting up production in Mexico,for similar reasons,before negotiations on the NAFTA had even started.There is an important distinction to be made between the kind of integration based on trade,which is relatively simple,and the far more complex links involved in global manufacturing.The report says that as integration moves from shallow trade-based linkages to deep international production-based linkage under the common governance,the traditional division between integration at the corporate and country levels begins to break down.” Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assets from the developed world to the developing world.But the pattern is not entirely simple.Big shifts have occurred in the composition of foreign direct investment by sector.Increasing investment is going into services and high⁃tech manufacture, rather than basic manufacture and natural resources.As might be expected,foreign direct investment in the developed world is mostly in the former category,whereas in the developing world the emphasis is on the latter.It seems countries have to reach a basic level of sophistication before they can get in the act.Simple cash incentives to set up production in a country have little effect, other than on margin.In addition,the increasing sophistication of global production means that cheap labor is often not a deciding factor either.16.International production⁃based integration is better than trade⁃based integration.bor⁃intensive manufacture is the production mainly depend on the use of a large number of labor. companies set up production in Mexico for its cheaper labor and cost.19.Cash incentive is a deciding factor in global production.20.Foreign direct investment in the developed countries is mostly in services and high⁃tech sector.Passage2Asia,You Cost Too Much The Asian economic miracle can be best summed up as the biggest price undercut in history. Asia grew because it was the cheapest source for the low⁃tech consumer goods that the West craves. Hong Kong and Korea didn’t invent new or more efficient manufacturing techniques,they simply bought market share with low wages.But now Asia is beginning to cost too much.If you still thinkAsia is cheap or even a bargain,compare office rents in Shanghai with those in Chicago and Paris. Or try to hold a qualified manager in China against the almost weekly job offers he receives due to the shortage of Chinese professionals.No wonder companies are voting with their feet in response to Asia’s rising cost.Germany’s Siemens is dumping Singapore in favor of lower cost locations in the region.The way things are going,Siemens may have to move again before too long. The competition facing Asia is not going to let up,either Local council representatives from Britain are running all over the world advertising tax cuts,giving away state land and slashing bureaucracy in an effort to attract industry.Technological innovations and cost reduction in communications and transport mean that location isn’t as important as it once was.Only Singapore seems to understand that keeping up isn’t good enough and that being competitive means forging ahead.The Lion City made a concerted effort to open market,cut government regulations and create transparency.But most Asian government just don’t seem to understand the relationship between high costs and low competitiveness.Otherwise why would tariffs on agricultural imports be crippling the Korean and Japanese food processing industries?The oligarchical nature of trucking in Malaysia guarantees that high transport costs will drive business away.n economic growth was primarily based on cheap exports rather than high technology.22.Siemens is satisfied with Singapore’s low cost and will stay there all the time.23.High rents and shortage of professionals became China’s disadvantage in Business.24.The importance of location is weakened by technology and communication innovations.25.Most Asian government learned from Singapore to open markets and cut tariffs.非选择题部分注意事项: 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.经济特区27.出口配额制28.消费品29.批发商30.贸易差额31.服务部门32.垄断33.最惠国待遇34.硬通货35.经常项目四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.market forces37.countertrademercial hub39.intellectual property right40.brain trust41.austerity programmes42.the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade43.discount rate44.countervailing duty45.dumping五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂Passage1 Once,when Japan faced pressure from abroad,it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down.No longer it seems.America wants Japan to meet import targets for some American goods,but far from capitulating to the thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.The annual white paper on trade development published by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry will reject the argument that Japan needs special trade sanctions.It is Japan’s persistent surplus,more than anything,that has provoked anger in Washington.This year the surplus has been growing fast.With the economy still barely growing,despite two fiscal packages in the past nine months,Japan’s critics say that the country is once more exporting its way out of recession.46.Which word can give in”be replaced by?47.Explain the fuss would die down”.48.Paraphrase exporting its way out of recession”.Passage2 The price of tin on the European spot market rose to4,400pounds per ton,reflecting widespread production cuts in the world tin industry,at a two-day meeting in Indonesia,theassociation of tin-producing countries,whose members represent70percent of world tin output, decided to strengthen their co-operation in a bid to stabilize tin prices and to call on the United States to limit sales of tin from its strategic stockpile.Platinum progressed at the outset on concern about strike action in South African mines but quickly fell victim to profit-taking as work resume.49.What is strategic stockpile”?50.What does progress”mean in the context?51.What is profit-taking in business?六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52. Commerce among nations entered a modern era;the constrained trading between imperial powers and their colonies began to break down.World markets opened to all countries,and multilateral trade flourished.Generally,a country could sell its goods in the best market it could find and buy what is needed from the least expensive supplier.Moreover,since currencies were convertible,most transactions could be completed with cash.Barter was as antiquated as the horse⁃soldier.During the past few years,however,the international monetary system has begun to strain under a variety of economic changes.One important cause is the enormous burden of debt carried by Third World countries.A professor at Harvard University says, The plain fact is that many countries are broken.”绝密★启用前2020年8月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考(课程代码 00096)一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂1.A2.C3.B4.B5.D6.C7.D8.A9.C10.B 11.D12.C13.B14.D15.C二㊁正误判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂16.B17.A18.A19.B20.A 21.A22.B23.A24.A25.B三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.The Special Economic Zone27.export quota system28.consumer goods29.wholesaler30.trade balance31.the service sector32.monopolize33.most⁃favored nation treatment34.hard currency35.current account四㊁将下列英文单词或词组译成中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.市场力量37.对等贸易(反向贸易)38.商业活动中心39.知识产权40.智囊团41.紧缩计划42.关贸总协定43.贴现率44.反补贴税45.倾销五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂Passage146.surrender or yield47.nervous activities become weaker48.get through the recession by exportingPassage249.Strategic stockpile is the stock for future use when faced with extremely difficult situations.50.Price goes up.51.to profit in a price fluctuation on an exchange by selling what one has bought at a lower pricewhen the price goes up.六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.国家间商贸进入了新的纪元;帝国主义列强及其殖民地间的强制性贸易开始崩溃㊂(2分)世界市场向所有国家开放,多边贸易开始繁荣㊂(2分)一般来说,一个国家可以在其能找到的最有利的市场上销售其货物,也能从最廉价的供应商那里购得它所相应的货物㊂(2分)而且,因为货币可以兑换,大部分交易可以用现金支付,易货贸易就像骑兵一样时过境迁了㊂(2分)然而,在过去的几年里,国家货币体系在种种经济变化影响下,开始承受着巨大的压力㊂(2分)一个重要的原因是第三世界国家的巨大债务负担㊂哈佛大学一位教授说: 显而易见,许多国家都已经破产了㊂”(2分)。
00096自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译自考外刊经贸知识选读英汉词组互译1barrier-free market自由/无壁垒市场2test market试销市场3budget deficit预算赤字4capital-intensive investment资金密集型投资5top-of-the-line technology行业内领先技术6visible trade account有型贸易项目7punitive import tariff惩罚性进口关税8intellectual property right知识产权9most favored nation status最惠国待遇10depression销条11trade surplus贸易顺差12deflation通货紧缩13barter trade易货贸易14futures market期货市场15current account经常项目16invisible trade无形贸易17compensation trade补偿贸易18devaluation贬值19per capita income人均收入20infrastructure基础设施21market share市场分额22special economic zone经济特区23exclusive agency agreement独家代理协议24finished goods/manufactured goods制成品25agriculture and industrial production工农业生产26trade balance贸易差额27merger兼并28market force市场力量29monetary policy货币政策30world trade organization世界贸易组织31personal/individual income tax个人所得税32commodity/goods market商品市场33service trade服务贸易34primary goods初级产品35international monetary fund国际货币基金组织36per capita GDP(gross domestic product)人均国内生产总值37convertible currency可兑换货币38customs duties and taxation海关关税39good infrastructure 良好的基础设施40deinflationary policy反通货膨胀政策41trade sanction贸易制裁42at the summit meeting峰会43on a conservative estimate据保守估计44price hike价格上涨45self-sufficient自给自足46liquid assets流动资产47trade fairs and exhibitions贸易展销会48preferential tax rate优惠关税49vested interests既得利益50export quota出口配额51government procurement政府采购52European integration欧洲一体化53bilateral pacts双边条约54countervailing duty反补贴税5524.fledgling industries新兴工业56stock market股票市场57capital transfer资本转移58trade discrimination贸易歧视59bilateral trade双边贸易60European continent欧洲大陆61carbon tax双重税62state-owned enterprises国有企业63competitive advantage竞争优势64balance of payments国际收支65high-tech高技术66portfolio investment证券投资67free market自由市场68trade barriers贸易壁垒69glut of supply供应过剩70equivalent value对等价值71economic recession经济衰退72unfair trade不平等交易73exclusive contract独家经销合同74per capita income人均收入75long-term strategy长期战略76GATT关税及贸易总协定77financial crisis金融危机78trade representative商务代表79physical market现货市场80financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定81sovereignty dispute主权争端82hard currency硬通货83merger of banks银行兼并84a hermit naiton闭关自守的国家85trade negotiation贸易谈判86at a rough estimate据粗略估计87Chinese export commodities fair中国出口商品交易会88foreign exchange reserve外汇储备89debt sevice/interest payment利息付款90sole foreign funded外商独资91technology transfer技术转让92domestic demand国内需求93export oriented出口导向94trade balance贸易差额95certificate of origin产地证书96customs duties进口税97clearing agreement清算协议98real estate房地产99business cycle商业周期100fiscal packages财政一揽子计划101debt service利息付款102 good resistance强阻力103cash crops经济作物104GNP国民生产总值105deinflationary policy反通胀政策106short supply供应短缺107the World Bank世界银行108capital goods资本货物109productive force生产力110foreign exchange earnings外汇收入111profit-remittance 利润汇款112national income国民收入113closing level收盘价。
旺旺英语Lesson 12Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle 软饮料战：下一次战争The reformulation of Coke has given the feuding cola giants a chance to go at each other again.可口可乐的重新配方为长期不和的可乐巨头提供了一个新开战的机会。
But Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are spoiling for yet another fight, and this time they’re picking on the little guys: non-cola makers like Seven-Up and Dr Pepper.By Monci Jo Williams 但是可口可乐和百事可乐一心想进行另一场战斗，这一次它们选中了小企业：“七喜”和“佩拍博士”。
In the U.S. soft drink industry, where 1% of the market is worth $ 300 million in retail sales, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo don’t wage mere market share battles. They fight holy wars. These days the fighting is on two fronts. One is on the vast plains of the cola business, where the reformulation of Coke has Pepsi on the defensive. The other is in the back alleys of the smaller, non-cola market. Until now these have been dominated by other companies. As growth of high-calorie colas slows, however, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are invading new territory.在美国的软饮料行业，1％的市场份额就意味着3亿美元的零售额，可口可乐公司和百事可乐公司进行的不仅仅是争夺市场份额的斗争，他们进行的是“圣战”。
精品文档欧盟的发展课第6 Economic Trouble Cloud New Market's Future 经济问题使新市场前景阴暗（摘录）（Excerpts）一、By Howard LafranchiStaff Writer of The Christian Science MonitorWhen the European Community's vast single market officially takes effect on Jan.1, there will be no balloons and brass bands, and holiday fliers between EC cities will still face passport checks at airports.Europeans will wake up new year's day with the same 10 per cent unemployment and doubts about European unity.日正式启动的时候，不会有气球与军乐队，11月当欧洲共同体的统一大市场在新年第一并且在欧共体的城市间乘飞机度假的人依然将面临在机场的护照检查。
％的失业率和对欧洲统一的怀疑。
天欧洲人醒来将依然面临着10Perissich, Ricardo expected,”says big bang some might have “There won't be the Ecdirector-general for the single market.欧共体负责单一市场的秘书长里卡”“不会有一些人可能期待的翻天覆地的变化，佩里西齐说。
多·Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step-free wealthiest barrierthe world's largest and forward it has taken in creatingand on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have let to some of market —ilure to reinforce the single market by pushing history's bloodiest wars.Moreover, a fainternal what the an unraveling of forward with European integration could lead to market program has achieved, some observers say.欧洲似乎忽视了欧共体统一市场这一具有革命性意义然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，而在过去几最富有的自由市场，的步伐，因为统一市场是创立了世界上最大的、另外某些观察人士个世纪欧洲经济纷争曾经导致了人类历史上最为血腥的战争。
Unit 11.buildings are rarely designed to save energy,because those who putthem up do not usually pay the bills and those who occupy them choose them for their views or their looks , not their energy-efficiency.楼房设计很少考虑能效，因为建造者不用为之买单，而那些楼房的住户们买房时考虑的是景色或楼房的外观，而不是它们的能效。
2.that will happen only if governments require them to do so ,or taxdirty products and processes (through a carbon price),or subsidise clean ones .只有政府要求，或是（通过碳定价）对污染产品和工艺征税，或进行清洁生产补贴，公司才会投资清洁技术。
3.a $40carbon price now ,doubling by 2050, and combined withnon-price policies such as appliance standards and R&D support ,is needed to hit the 450ppm targets .碳价需要定在40美元，到2050年翻一番，结合电器标准和研发扶持等非价格政策，才能达到450ppm的目标。
panies can buy and sell allocations amongst themselves ,and canalso buy “certified emission reductions “from developing countries to meet their caps through Kyoto’s “clean development mechanism”.公司间可以买卖分配额，也可以按照京都“清洁发展机制”从发展中国家购买“和政的减排量”，以符合减排限制。
《外刊经贸知识选读》课程学习过程评价要求1.平时作业平时作业由任课教室根据考试大纲中考核内容与要求布置。
任课教师可结合本课程特点与学生的学习情况，要求学生用英文解释经贸知识或翻译经贸外文。
平时作业要求用16开纸手写，也可教师统一用A4纸打印题目，学生手写答题，每次作业主客观题搭配，不少于三页纸，统一上交三次作业。
2.测验测验由任课教师统一组织期中、期末各一次，要求以正规试卷的格式（8开纸打印）进行。
题型可有单项选择题、多项选择题、名词解释、计算题、简答题、论述题等，总小题数不少于40个，其中客观题30个左右，主观题10个左右，请根据具体情况合理搭配。
3. 实验报告或调研报告（手写论文）结合本课程特点，任课教师可就某一个话题要求学生进行调研形成调研报告，或联系国内外经济形势要求学生写论文，并严格要求调研报告和论文质量，杜绝学术不端行为，字数不少于3000。
4.考核意见和分数根据实际情况酌情给分数，考核意见与分数对应分为优秀、良好、中、合格和不合格五级。
附：《外刊经贸知识选读》课程考试大纲《外刊经贸知识选读》考试大纲山东经济学院2011年1月目录第一部分考试大纲说明与基本要求一、课程的性质、特点及课程设置的目的和要求1.课程的性质与特点2.课程设置的目的和要求3．课程的教学方法二、《外刊经贸知识选读考试大纲》说明三、课程内容与考核要求Lesson 1 China’s Foreign TradeLesson 2 China’s Absorption of Foreign Direct InvestmentLesson 3 China’s Opened EconomyLesson 4 The World EconomyLesson 5 On the US Strategy & Policy in TradeLesson 6 The Development of EULesson 7 On Japan’s Position on TradeLesson 8 South Korea & Other Fast-developing Asian Countries---Their Progress and ProblemsLesson 9 Newly-Emerging Trading StarsLesson 10 On GATT-WTOLesson 11 Barter Still in UseLesson 12 Market CompetitionLesson 13 Market AnalysisLesson 14 Commodities MarketLesson 15 Reports on Commodities Exchange in Telex第二部分章节学时分配第三部分考试命题原则及相关要求《外刊经贸知识选读》考试大纲第一部分考试大纲说明与基本要求一、课程的性质、特点及课程设置的目的和要求1.课程的性质与特点《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业本科段必考课，也是高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段选考课。
Thank God It’s MondayBy Jyoti thottam(1) As researchers in psychology, economics and organizational behavior have been gradually discovering, the experience of being happy at work looks very similar acrossprofessions. 从事心理学、经济学和组织行为学研究的人已逐渐发现, 各行各业的人们在工作中感受到快乐的体验看起来十分相似。
People who love their jobs feel challenged by their work but in control of it. 热爱本职工作的人会感到他们的工作有挑战性, 但自己能驾驭它；They have bosses who make them feel appreciated and co-workers they like.他们既得到老板的赏识, 又有和自己投缘的同事；They can find meaning in whatever they do. 无论干什么他们都能发现其中的意义。
And they aren’t just lucky. 他们可不是仅仅凭着运气好。
It takes real effort to reach that sublime state.要达到那种完美的境界需要切实下工夫才行。
(2) An even bigger obstacle, though, may be our low expectations on the job. Love, family, 不过, 一个更大的障碍也许是我们对工作的期望值太低。
community —those are supposed to be the true sources of happiness, while work simply gives us the means to enjoy them.爱、家庭和社区往往被看做快乐的真正来源, 而工作只是为我们提供了享受那一切的手段。
Unit OneⅠ/1.对经济增长必不可少的实物资本的积累the accumulation of physical capital indispensable to economic growth2. 引进国外的先进设备和技术诀窍to import advanced equipment and know-how from abroad3.占世界技术贸易总量90%的许可证贸易license trade accounting for 90 per cent of the total volume of the worldstrade of technology4.经济发展中所反映出来的人力资本的匮乏lack of human capital reflected in economic development5. 高科技对产业调整的重大影响the great impact of high technology on the adjustment of industries6.推动经济增长的关键因素key factors driving economic growth7. 从一个农业国向工业国的转型the transformation from an agricultural nation into an industrial one8. 构成全要素生产率增长的有形和无形要素the tangible and intangible factors making up the total factor productivitygrowth9. 隐藏在技术进步之后的教育系统的改善the improvement of educational systems lurking in technological progress10.该产业中资本与劳动力的比率the ratio of capital to labour in this industry11. 增加劳动力数量并提高其教育培训程度expand the labour force and increase its education and training12. 研发部门在跨国公司经营中的作用the role of the R&D department in the operations of multinational corporations13. 一份对多国技术进步情况进行分析的报告 a study report analyzing variations in technical progress across a largenumber of countries14. 把计量和模型结合引入经济分析to incorporate quantity and models into economic analysis15. 发达国家和发展中国家在收入上的巨大差距great gap in incomes between developed and developing nationsⅡ/1.不少经济学家认为，像香港、新加坡这样土地稀少的地区，其经济的快速发展应该主要归功于教育程度的提高。
