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Lesson11 Barter Still in Use (易货贸易仍在使用 )一、重点词组：1、arrange for 安排2、international financial institution 国际金融机构3、in cash 用现金*4、proceed 收入*5、dip into 动用、浏览6、currency reserves 货币储备7、secure 获得、得到*8、locate 找到*9、steer 指导、指点*10、benefited from 受益于……*11、hot 激烈的*12、of equivalent value 同等价值* 13、up to 高达……*14、subject to 使服从, 使隶属, 属于*15、countertrade 对等贸易、反向贸易16、primary 主要的、首要的*17、mean of trade 贸易方式*18、force…upon…强加于, 强迫...接受19、client states 附属国20、in return for 作为...的报答、对换21、bargain-price 廉价的*22、raw materials 原材料23、prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事24、free from 解除25、hammer out 设计出26、International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织27、break down 垮掉, 分解，崩溃28、flourish 繁荣、兴旺*29、multilateral trade 多边贸易30、convertible 可兑换的*31、convertible currency 可兑换货币32、burden of debt 债务负担33、broke 破产的、一文不名的*34、be compelled to 被迫35、devote… to….把...献给、把...专用于36、debt service= interest payment 利息付款*37、debtor 债务人* 38、debtor nation 债务国39、creditor 债权人*40、export earning 出口收入41、foreign exchange 外汇42、multinational corporations 跨国公司43、expertise 专门知识*44、tap 开发；利用*45、list price 挂牌价，订价, 价目表所列之价格*46、at the expense of 在损害...的情况下*47、cartel 联合企业、卡尔特48、counterpurchase 互购、回购49、offset 弥补, 抵消*50、compensation agreements 补偿贸易协定51、clearing agreements 清算协定52、bilateral pacts 双边协议53、balance v. 平衡*54、hard currency 硬通货55、stick with 陷入困境56、specifications 规格*57、credit-starved 信用危机58、set out 打算59、finance 供资金给*60、made out to 收讫*61、letter of credit 信用证62、took title 获得所有权二、课后问题1、“We are told in the first paragraph of the text that Saudi Arabia decided to buy 10 aero planes from Boeing then.What was the purchasing price?答：$100 million each.2、“International trade was supposed to（应该, 被期望）be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944…”(国际贸易从易货贸易的束缚中解脱出来从法律上说应该在1944年7月)Paraphrase the underlined part of the aboved-quoted clause.答：“…was supposed to …”: … was required by law to …3、“Barter was as antiquated as the horse-soldier. Or so it seemed.”（易货贸易就像骑兵一样过时了。
第9课贸易新星Prosperity Persists in the UAE阿拉伯联合酋长国持续繁荣一、（Excerpts）（摘录）The profits of peace and prosperity 和平与共荣益处多多1.In the two years since Iraq was ousted from Kuwait, peace and prosperity have returned to the Gulf region, and the UAE in particular .Ma jor development plans have resumed in Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas sector and Dubai’s trade figures are soaring as more companies adopt the emirate as their regional base. Yet, below the surface calm, defense is still of great concern. The topic dominated discussions at the GCC summit in Abu Dhabi in December, and in February the government announced its biggest-ever investment in defense equipment at IDEX 1993, an exhibition held in Abu Dhabi.自从伊拉克被逐出科威特，两年来和平与繁荣又回到了海湾地区，特别是阿联酋。
阿布扎比的油气部门又重新恢复了重大的发展计划，同时由于越来越多的公司选择把自己的地区本部设在迪拜，该酋长国的贸易数字也在飞速上升。
然而，在表面的平静之下，防御仍然是人们极为关心的事情。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第七章一、术语1．free trade 自由贸易2．trade sanctions 贸易制裁3．fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易4．trade balance 贸易差额5．multilateral rules 多边规则6．economic cycle 经济周期7．budget deficit 预算赤字8．trade reprisals 贸易报复9. market share市场份额10.White Paper白皮书11.vested interests既得利益12.civil service行政部门13.wholesaler批发商14. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)日本通商产业省15. households save 家庭储蓄16. economic cycle 经济周期17. parts and components 零件、部件、零部件二、词语释义：1. draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）2. die down: disappear gradually3. foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates4 capitulate to: yield to5. thrust: principal concern or objective6. geared to: adjusted to7. take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for8. is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to9. of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously10. export-driven: export-led; export-oriented11. in due course: at the right time12. cave in to: give in to三、句子翻译1. The strongest signal came last week，when Mickey Kanter，(the U.S. trade representative), moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for (“intolerable”discrimination against U.S. companies)seeking government contracts withinthe community. The administrationwill begin retaliating in six weeks ifEC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。
第10课关于关贸总协定和世界贸易组织Freer Trade, with Luck自由贸易，一路走好1.In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere (especially in the world’s poorest countries) and extend competition to hither to sheltered, and therefore backward, parts off all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.Cause----aim, principle or movement that is strongly defended or supported 极力维护或支持的目标﹑原则或运动; 事业: a good cause, ie one that deserves to be supported, eg a charity 高尚的目标（应为之尽力的目标, 如慈善事业）* He fought for the republican cause in the civil war. 他在内战中为共和事业而战. * Her life was devoted to the cause of justice. 她为正义事业而献身.在过去的几天中，美国同欧共体之间有关农产品贸易的分歧几乎荡然无存。
外刊经贸知识选读最新串讲资料第一章一、术语制成品manufactured goods 资本货物capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income) 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation) 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟EU(European Union) 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士3.infrastructure 基础设施4.capital stock 实际资本5.consumer goods 消费品6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率7.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业8.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神10.means of production 生产资料11.stock-taking 评估12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控14.fiscal policies 财政政策15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策16.working capital 运营资本17.basic policy 基本国策18.technical transformation 技术革新一、术语：1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国mercial hub 商业活动中心3.Per capita 人均4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税6.securities 有价证券7.real estate market 房地产市场8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团9.conglomerate 跨行业公司10.consortium 国际财团11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定1．centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济2．market economy 市场经济3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策4.deflation 通货紧缩5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率modity market 商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价9.business cycle 商业周期10.weighted average 加权平均数11.hard currencies 硬通货12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资14.market diversification 市场多元化15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策18.yield curve 收益曲线19.per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数）23.CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率22.per capita income 人均收入23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定24．Portfolio investment 证券投资25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率trade representative 贸易谈判代表government procurement 政府采购NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物一、术语：the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably subsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles二、词语释义：1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始5.grassroots: basic level 基层6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position二、词语释义：1.jockey: move2.is bustling with: is filled with3.giddy: dizzy; euphoric4.farfetched: improbable; incredible5.clear: earn a net profit6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily7.rung: level8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal9.career out of control: run out of control二、词语释义：1.in a row: in succession2.easing: slowing down; decrease3.momentum: force of movement4.underlying: being at the basis of5.slackening: slowing of speedpound: worsen7.moderate inflation: ease inflation8.robust: strong and healthy9.setbacks: frustrations10.slump: depression11.edge down: move slowly down12.depreciation: devaluation13.spike: abrupt increase14.pick-up: recovery15.rein in: control16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）17.stagnat: stop; almost二、词语释义：1.tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的）2.discrimination: unfair treatment3.sanctions: penalty4.escalate: develop; intensify5.frictions: conflicts6.procurement: purchase7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do8.is awake t is conscious of9.amenable to responsive to10.a ragged start: a poor start11.intolerable: unbearable12.retaliate: revenge; reprisal13.impose: exert; influence14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring15.shock: impact16. prompting: provoking17. tactical: skillful18. underpinning: foundation19. peeved: annoyed20. embrace: acceptance二、词语释义：big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reactionbe bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地… ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论）translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻译1．During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrializatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。
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第14课初级商品市场Soft Commodities非耐用商品一、(Excerpts)（摘录）Many prices are at historic lows， and the IMF expects further falls。
Yet there are signs that the worse may be over。
One key commodity, sugar，has recovered。
许多商品的价格处于历史最低点，虽然国际货币基金组织预计价格还会进一步下跌。
但是，有迹象表明,最糟的局面已经结束了.因为“糖”这种关键性商品的价格已经回升了.Markets Have Lost Their Allure市场已失去吸引力For Most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities， this is proving to be a grim decade.对于大多数生产并买卖非耐用商品或农业品的人来说，这十年无疑是阴暗的十年。
Prices are in many cases at，or near, historic lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce.And—with most soothsayers forecasting flat，or still lower，prices-the markets themselves have lost much of their allure.许多情况下,产品的价格都在实际意义上处于或接近历史最低价，这是因为市场要应付泛滥成灾的过剩的农产品。
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10Lesson 5 关于美国的贸易策略与政策( On the US Strategy and Policy in Trade)一、译文：美国已做好准备任其贸易关系恶化华盛顿邮报通讯社彼得.贝尔华盛顿电——克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。
上周传来了最强烈的信号，美国贸易代表米奇.坎特迅速指出有12个成员国的欧共体“不可容忍”的歧视那些寻求与欧共体签订政府协议的美国公司。
坎特先生说，弱国欧共体的政策不加以改变的话，美国政府在六个月内就要开始报复。
本周对于熟悉克林顿政府的官员和国会消息灵通人士的采访中，他们透露了新政府贸易政策的初始主题。
其要点有：坚决主张欧洲和日本答应给予美国出口公司进入欧洲和日本市场的机会，就如外国公司在美国的道德待遇一样，从而创造一个“公平竞争领域“二、重要词组：1、tough强硬的*2、Clinton administration克林顿政府3、get better 好转4、be prepared to do something有准备的、准备好的5、trading partners 贸易伙伴6、move 提议、提出*7、discrimination against 歧视….*8、retaliate 报复*9、trade representative 贸易代表10、trade policies 贸易政策11、sanctions 制裁*12、trade sanctions 贸易制裁13、sanctions on 制裁……14、trade barrier 贸易壁垒15、escalate 逐步升高、逐步上升16、escalate into sth.17、protectionism 贸易保护主义19、the future of 前景20、trade surplus 贸易赤字21、results-oriented 结果导向22、frictions 摩擦、冲突、矛盾23、a range of 一系列的24、North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定25、trade priority 贸易优先权26、live with the consequences 承受后果27、trade hawks 贸易鹰派、贸易强硬派28、procurement 采购*29、government procurement 政府采购30、stick by our guns 坚持己见31、balanced against 与……相对32、free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定33、business 商会34、bully 威吓*35、get off 开始36、trade signals 贸易信号课后问题1、“The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worsebefore they get better.” 克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。
