外刊经贸知识选读串讲第二部分

《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章—、术语1. 制成品manufactured goods2. 资本货物capital goods3. 国际收支balance of payments4. 经常项目current account5. 有形贸易项目visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差trade surplus8. 贸易逆差trade deficit9. 易货贸易barter10. 补偿贸易compensation trade11. 反向贸易counter-trade12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing13. 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业joint venture15. 延期付款deferred payment16. 买方信贷buyer credit17. 卖方信贷supplier credit18. 软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan19. 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入NI(National Income)22. 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(lnternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会IDA(lnternational Development Association)26. 国际金融公司IFC(lnternational Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟EU(European Union)31. 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32. The special Economic Zone 经济特区33. a well-placed source —位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capital stock 实际资本36. consumer goods 消费品37. preferential tax rate 优惠税率38. cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship 企业家精神41. means of production 生产资料42. stock-taking 评估43. Allocation of resources 资源配置44. macro regulation and control 宏观调控45. fiscal policies 财政政策46・15.tight monetary policy紧缩的货币政策47. 16.working capital 运营资本48. 17.basic policy 基本国策49. 18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially: dramatically, significantly, considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently : afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate : deteriorate, worsen; aggravate ; make worse 恶化withdraw: cancellation 撤回，撤销theme : principle 主题，原则in return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interrupt 中断，打断destined : designed］注定的，H的是，有计划的pronounced: marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of: following; after with 在 ........ 之后undue : too much; unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse : change to the opposite 反转,颠倒,反向,相反buoyant: brisk 活跃的outcome: result 结果boost : stimulate; promote; develop 促进，提高，朿ij激recover: rebound 恢复facilitate : make easy促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down: reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as: to the extent 在...... 范围内bottlenecks: obstacles 障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrialization programme which plac ed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读最新串讲资料第一章一、术语制成品manufactured goods 资本货物capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income) 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation) 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟EU(European Union) 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士3.infrastructure 基础设施4.capital stock 实际资本5.consumer goods 消费品6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率7.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业8.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神10.means of production 生产资料11.stock-taking 评估12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控14.fiscal policies 财政政策15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策16.working capital 运营资本17.basic policy 基本国策18.technical transformation 技术革新一、术语：1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国mercial hub 商业活动中心3.Per capita 人均4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税6.securities 有价证券7.real estate market 房地产市场8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团9.conglomerate 跨行业公司10.consortium 国际财团11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定1．centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济2．market economy 市场经济3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策4.deflation 通货紧缩5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率modity market 商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价9.business cycle 商业周期10.weighted average 加权平均数11.hard currencies 硬通货12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资14.market diversification 市场多元化15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策18.yield curve 收益曲线19.per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数）23.CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率22.per capita income 人均收入23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定24．Portfolio investment 证券投资25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率trade representative 贸易谈判代表government procurement 政府采购NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物一、术语：the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably subsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles二、词语释义：1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始5.grassroots: basic level 基层6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position二、词语释义：1.jockey: move2.is bustling with: is filled with3.giddy: dizzy; euphoric4.farfetched: improbable; incredible5.clear: earn a net profit6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily7.rung: level8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal9.career out of control: run out of control二、词语释义：1.in a row: in succession2.easing: slowing down; decrease3.momentum: force of movement4.underlying: being at the basis of5.slackening: slowing of speedpound: worsen7.moderate inflation: ease inflation8.robust: strong and healthy9.setbacks: frustrations10.slump: depression11.edge down: move slowly down12.depreciation: devaluation13.spike: abrupt increase14.pick-up: recovery15.rein in: control16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）17.stagnat: stop; almost二、词语释义：1.tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的）2.discrimination: unfair treatment3.sanctions: penalty4.escalate: develop; intensify5.frictions: conflicts6.procurement: purchase7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do8.is awake t is conscious of9.amenable to responsive to10.a ragged start: a poor start11.intolerable: unbearable12.retaliate: revenge; reprisal13.impose: exert; influence14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring15.shock: impact16. prompting: provoking17. tactical: skillful18. underpinning: foundation19. peeved: annoyed20. embrace: acceptance二、词语释义：big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reactionbe bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地… ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论）translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻译1．During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrializatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读经济失衡economic imbalance合资企业joint venture11经济特区the Special Economic Zone/SEZs关税及贸易总协定（the）General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 沿海开放城市coastal cities10,企业家精神entrepreneurship国际清算银行Bank for International Settlements06，08，09经常项目current account08有形贸易收支visible trade account07，06最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment（status）经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for EconomicCo-operation and Development)跨行业公司conglomerate优惠税率preferential tax rate基础设施infrastructure证券及房地产市场securities and real estate markets欧共体EEC（European Economic Community）08资本货物capital goods外商独资企业foreign-owned enterprise中国国际信托投资公司CITIC(China International Trust andInvestment Company)统一大市场the Single Market年增长率annual growth rate贸易顺/逆差（赤字）trade surplus/deficit政府采购government procurement以结果为导向result-oriented宏观经济因素macroeconomic factors11自由贸易区free-trade zone墨守成规to follow the same well-trod path国家预算裁减national budget cut统一的欧洲货币a single European currency使贸易自由化to liberalize trade白皮书White Paper不平等交易unfair trade进口配额import quotas主权争端sovereignty dispute08市场份额market share 政府部门civil service政府津贴state subsidy收支平衡the balance of payment （国际收支balance of payments）无政府状态anarchy补偿贸易compensation trade07，06外汇储备foreign-exchange reserves临时估算provisional estimates07，09产地证明书certificate of origin风险加权资产risk-weighted assets10有形贸易visible trade知识产权intellectual property right注册资本registered capital进口附加税import surcharge易货贸易barter08 利润汇款profit-remittance招标invite tender09 既得利益vested interests自由贸易free trade无形贸易支出invisible account贸易额volume of trade贸易差额trade balance市场展望market outlook货币储备currency reserve石油输出国组织Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 单价unit price制成品manufactured goods通融性的货币政策accommodative monetary policy需求疲软weakness in demand人均生产总值per capita gross domestic product 08．09反通胀政策disinflationary policy重新安排债务偿还计划debt rescheduling07顾问班子；智囊团brain trust零售商retailer商品市场commodity market市销市场test market全面改组a wholesale revamping不变、固定、可比价格constant terms税额优惠tax breaks07，06硬通货hard currency新型工业fledgling industries软饮料soft drink暴发户nouveau riche10赠券；优惠券coupons推销商品promote sales超级市场supermarket证券交易所stock exchange10，09批发商wholesaler07，06，08 liquid assets/易于变卖的资产以美元标价的dollar-denominated金融时报financial Times贴现率discount rate11，09现货市场spot market大量销售heavy selling经销商bottler实物市场physical market劳务部门the services sector供过于求glut of supply反向贸易countertrade08经济作物cash crops货币市场the money market硅谷silicon valley09无偿还能力insolvency09取得所有权take title政治日程political agenda09市场调节market regulation 签合同sign a contract09公开招标public tender世贸组织WTO服务部门Service Sector07国民收入national income经济特区SEZ与……有利害关系have a stake in主顾regular customer谈判权限negotiating authority贸易政策policy on trade实际产量real output人口加权增长率the population-weighed growth rate 投标submit tender07，06经常贸易顺差current trade surplus大中华贸易集团“Great China”trade bloc淡季slack season次级抵制secondary boycott长期未果的谈判stalled negotiations七国集团the Group of Seven营养可乐diet colas据保守估计on a conservative estimate商务部department of commerce生活水平standard of living暴发户nouveau riche抽签luck draw大笔投资major investment阻止冲突发生head off a conflict跨国公司transnational corporation主要股份key shares有限公司limited company交运的货物shipments10资本市场capital market快餐店fast food shops垄断monopolize出口配额export quota10期货futures11，06独家经销合同exclusive contract06清算协议clearing agreement11，06人均收入per capita income06无壁垒市场barrier-free market06双重税carbon tax06房地产real estate06试销test marketing06知识产权intellectual property right06商业周期business cycle07，06银行兼并merger of banks07.06．09闭关自守的国家a hermit nation07，06贸易谈判trade negotiation07.06据粗略估计at a rough estimate07.06中国出口商品交易会Chinese Export Commodities Fair 07．11，09收盘价closing level07惩罚性进口关税punitive import tariff 07，08对等价值equivalent value11技术转让technology transfer收支平衡the balance of payment07国际收支balance of payments07证券投资portfolio investment10，09贸易制裁trade sanction09时髦词语buzzword10总部headquarters10有价证券10市场力量10．11新兴工业fledgling industries10消费品consumer goods10trade balance10，08财政一揽子计划fiscal packages 10GNP 国民生产总值10，09出口配额制export quota system 10可自由兑换货币convertible currency 11优先权preferred status11生产资料means of production11国内生产总值GDP09服务贸易trade in service11贸易报复trade reprisal11.08．09反补贴税countervailing duty11双边条约bilateral parts11试销市场test market09财团consortium11原材料raw materials11高工资经济high wage economy07商品市场commodity market08利息付款debt service09转让人licenser08强阻力good resistance09市场动力market forces08供应短缺short supply08进口税customs duties08世界银行the World Bank08 生产力productive forces08国内需求domestic demand08外汇收入foreign exchange earningsSeething(强烈反响)=raging（大怒；发脾气）Amenable 顺从的=responsive 积极回应的Inclusive 包含一切的Decisive 决定性的Deteriorated 使恶化，使变坏=worsened 使更坏，使恶化Compounded 使恶化，使加重=aggravated 使更坏，使加剧Supreme 至高的，最高的=topParadoxex 矛盾Desperately 极度地，非常地=extremely 极端地，非常地Eagerly=desirously渴望地Climate 形势=situationWarp包，裹Odor 气味Expenditure 开支Exemption 免除Prior to 在……之前=beforeDisrupt 使中断=break into 打断Authorities 政府Bottleneck 障碍Appropriate 不妥当的Incure=bring upon 引来Upgrade 升级，提升=improveStir up=rouse 引起Enthusiasm 积极性Enterprise 企业演讲稿工作总结调研报告讲话稿事迹材料心得体会策划方案Laggard 落后的behemoth庞然大物=backward 落后的，迟钝的Buoyed 使浮起=raised使升高；增加精心收集精心编辑精致阅读如需请下载！。

第11课易货贸易仍在使用The Comeback of International Barter国际易货贸易的回潮It is a primitive, inefficient and expensive way of doing business—but the massive debts of developing and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.它是一种原始、低效且昂贵的贸易方式，但发展中国家的巨额债务和全球过剩的供给，使它不可避免地存在着。

In 1983 the Saudi Arabian government decided to purchase ten Boeing 747-300s powered by 40 Rolls-Royce jet engines. But faced with declining revenues due to a worldwide surplus of oil, it was reluctant to pay $1 billion in cash. Instead, it offered crude oil. Neither the American aircraft manufacturer nor the British engine-maker wanted all that oil. But opportunities for such a big sale are rare. So the companies have arranged for an international financial institution to sell the Saudi crude on world markets. Boeing and Rolls-Royce will be paid in cash from the proceeds, and Saudi Arabia will get its aircraft without dipping into its currency reserves.1983 年，沙特阿拉伯政府决定购买10 架波音747-300 飞机，并且由40 架罗尔斯——罗伊斯公司的引擎提供动力。

外刊经贸知识选读《外刊经贸知识选读》一、术语manufactured goods制成品capital goods资本货物balance of payments国际收支current account经常项目有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易易 compensation trade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产 assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷 supplier credit 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFNtreatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income)国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union) 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义:substantially : dramatically， significantly， considerablysubsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate， worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after with undue: too much; unbearable reverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reduction mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent bottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East Europeancountries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。

Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)重点词组：1、link 连接（这里为往来2、pattern 模式、结构*3、substantially 相当大的、重大的*4、in return for 作为…地交换5、manufactured goods 工业产品6、capital equipment 资本设备7、industrialization programme 工业项目8、heavy industry 重工业9、produced gains in 从… 中获利*10、economic imbalances 经济失衡11、national income 国民收入12、contract 收缩、下降13、aid 援助14、shift away form …towards 从…转移到…*15、consistent theme 一贯的主题16、strong emphasis placed on 强调、重视17、trade relating 贸易往来18、fell sharply 急剧下降（下滑）19、grown rapidly 迅速增长*20、sign in 签订21、in the wake of 在…之后22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化23、come into force 生效*24、most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇25、accounted for 占……*26、category 种类*27、item 项目28、US dollar value of 以美元计算的29、increased at an average rate of 平均以……比率增长 *30、per annum 每年31、visible trade surplus 有形贸易余额32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增*33、play a major role 起重要作用*34、undue strain 沉重负担35、a net grain exporter 粮食净出口国*36、pattern 模式*37、reverse 逆转，相反38、jump 暴涨*39、visible trade account 有形贸易收支40、in deficit 赤字、逆差*41、buoyant 趋于上升*42、attribute to 归因于……43、re-reported 再出口*44、leading 最主要的*45、decline 下降、减少*46、supplier 供应者*47、industrial country 工业化国家48、expect 期望*49、boost 推动、提高*50、recovered strongly 很大恢复*51、introducing advanced technology of 向…引进先进技术*52、sophistication 精密、尖端53、invisible account 无形贸易收支54、balance of payments 国际收支55、earnings 收益、收入*56、current account 经常项目57、in surplus 处于顺差、有盈余*58、reserves 储备、储量*59、the balance 收支平衡*余额60、specializes in 专门从事*61、balance 平衡*62、earnings and requirements 收入和需求63、run-down 减少、缩减*64、as a means of 作为65、international economic co-operation 国际经济合作66、mount 举行、进行67、trade fairs 商品展销会68、practice 惯例69、compensation trade 补偿贸易70、raw materials 原材料71、in return 作为报答72、barter 易货贸易73、counter-trade 反向贸易74、a series of 一系列75、designed to 旨在76、joint venture 合资企业77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司78、transfer 转让*79、for the time being 目前、暂时80、direct investment 直接投资81、access 接近的机会、享用权*82、the international capital markets 国际资本市场83、commercial terms 商业条件84、compile 收集、汇集85、OECD 经济合作和发展组织86、Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行87、bulk 绝大部分、主体88、in the short-term 从短期来看89、over the longer term 从长期来看90、representative offices 办事处三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers c hiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

第14课初级商品市场Soft Commodities非耐用商品Many prices are at historic lows, and the IMF expects further falls.Yet there are signs that the worse may be over.One key commodity, sugar, has recovered.许多商品的价格处于历史最低点，虽然国际货币基金组织预计价格还会进一步下跌。

但是，有迹象表明，最糟的局面已经结束了。

因为“糖”这种关键性商品的价格已经回升了。

Markets Have Lost Their Allure市场已失去吸引力For Most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.对于大多数生产并买卖非耐用商品或农业品的人来说，这十年无疑是阴暗的十年。

Prices are in many cases at, or near, historic lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce.And—with most soothsayers forecasting flat, or still lower, prices—the markets themselves have lost much of their allure.许多情况下，产品的价格都在实际意义上处于或接近历史最低价，这是因为市场要应付泛滥成灾的过剩的农产品。

同时，大多数预言家预测价格将会持平，或者更低。

市场自身已经失去了很多的魅力。

Speculators who profited handsomely from the price volatility of the 1970s have deserted soft commodities for the newer excitement of financial futures or the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.从20世纪70年代的价格不稳中大笔获益的投机者们已经放弃了非耐用商品而寻求金融期货或有价证券带来的新的刺激以及股票和货币市场提供的巨额利润。

外贸经贸知识选读（推荐5篇）第一篇：外贸经贸知识选读全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.The original ban on private trading had long since been()A.wavedB.waitedC.waivedD.wanted2.are produced according to sample provided by the customer.()A.ProceduresB.ProductsC.PotentialsD.Proposals3.China is the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.()A.obtainingB.bouncingC.radiatingD.raising4.Many countries in the region were adversely by declines in workers’ remittances and tourism revenues.()A.stagnatedB.slackenedpoundedD.impacted5.The museum stored all articles in a locked showcase.()A.breakableB.payableC.considerableD.amenable6.The US asks the World Trade Organization to limit trade to $1bn instead of the $4bn sanctions the EU wants to impose.()A.penaltiesB.confrontationsC.frictionsD.consequences7.The world’s second l argest economy, Japan, has been for nearly a decade, after the boom of the early 1980s collapsed.()A.activeB.robustC.inactiveD.encouraging8.Exports of Japanese machinery the downturn quite well because the Asian economies that buy them continued to boom.()A.disputedB.provokedC.reckonedD.resisted9.Email scripts on a computer without one’s knowledge.()A.trespassB.eliminateC.detractD.proceed10.Dubai is making progress in its efforts to promoteinternational of its attractions.()A.accommodationB.consciousnessC.coincidenceD.legitimacy11.Security Council members confirm support for African efforts to conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.()A.spreadB.spoilC.stopD.spill12.Smoking is strictly in the process of handling explosive materials.()A.flourishedB.enduredC.subsidizedD.forbidden13.Big companies understand the importance of()A.executivesB.experimentsC.franchisesD.trademarks14.That market alone half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of the total U.S.exports of shell eggs for food use.()A.added toB.shared withC.amounted toD.connected with15.International not-for-profit trade association with 50 corporate members resided in 20 countries who produce 95percent of the world supply of rubber.()A.productiveB.artificialC.tropicalD.artistic二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16.market share17.raw material18.capital market19.foreign-exchange reserves20.bilateral pacts21.intellectual property22.free trade23.(OPEC)24.hard currency25.consumer goods三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26.战略性储备27.服务贸易28.供应过剩29.清算协议30.利息付款31.特别提款权32.证券投资33.生产力34.合资企业35.技术转让四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1In 1991, for the second year the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product(GDP).output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991(similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East.Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countries in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s.Estimates of GDP growth by major region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa;an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.36.Wha t do “in a row”, “stagnate” and “aggregate” mean in the first paragraph?37.What kind of influence did the Gulf crisis have on the Middle East economy?38.What does the report mean to emphasize using the word “geographic”?Passage 2Some of the Clinton adm inistration’s tough talk appears intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts.But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences.In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against theCommunity last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for panies.The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.39.“Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk” is described as being “tactical” in the text.What is the implication of in the given context?40.What did the Clinton administration have in common with the Bush administration in their attitude toward the EU?41.Why did America refuse to sign a GATT agreement as mentioned in the second passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1John T.Chambers, Chief Executive of Cisco Systems, talks about the merger of Cisco with a larger company:A merger of equals had a lot of appeal.If you combine the Number 1 and Number 2 players in an industry, by definition you’re Number 1 in terms of size.By combining two companies with good management teams, you automatically build up the strength of your management.You can also widen your customer base and have more distribution channels.In addition, the merger automatically makes your remaining competition second level.As a result, your competition must rethink its strategy.In the end, you force a period of mergers and acquisitions on your competition.When we looked more closely, our concerns were raised.For example, 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail.Mergers can fail on a number of levels.They can fail in terms of their benefit to the shareholders, customers, employees and business partners.A decision has to be right with each of those groups, or we would not go forward with it.If you merge twocompanies that are growing at 80 percent rates, you stand a very good chance of stopping both of them.That’s a fact.For a period of time, no matter how smoothly they operate, you lose momentum.Our industry is not like the banking industry, where you are acquiring branch banks and customers.In our industry, you are acquiring people.And if you don’t keep those people, you have made a terrible, terrible investment.We pay between $500,000 and $2 million per person in an acqusition.So you can understand that if you don’t keep the people, you’ve done a tremendous disservice to your shareholders.So we focus first on the people and how we incorporate them into our company, and then we focus on how to drive the business.42.The passage talks about the benefits and problems after a merger of companies.()43.The word “competition” in this passage means “rivals”.()44.In order to compete with other companies, Cisco is forced to go into the next round of mergers.()45.The reason why 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail is just that the companies do not let their shareholders, customers, employees and business partners make decisions.()46.When Cisco Systems buys another company, its primary focus is on its customers.()Passage 2In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population.First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies.A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society.Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers.Sustained growth also depends on education standards.In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas.In the past 25 years,some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s.This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies.The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015.Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40per cent of the number of working people.47.This passage mainly talks about the importan ce of labor supply in China’s economic growth.()48.The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.()49.China’s productivity mainly resulted from the transfer of labor forces to farming sectors.()50.One major characteristic of China’s industrialization is the development of manufacturing business.()51.The contribution of agriculture to China’s financial revenue has remained quite stable over the past three decades.()六、翻译题（本大题12分）52.Interest in imports from China is high.The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China.More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year.As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics.Du bai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990第二篇：自考经贸知识选读复习材料(串讲)第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment(Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)国民收入NI(National Income)国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association)国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲联盟EU(European Union)外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerablysubsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen;aggravate;make worsewithdraw: cancellation 1theme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following;after withundue: too much;unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate;promote;developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。