高中英语词语辨析(二)

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高中英语词语辨析(二)

according as与according to

1. according as 根据,随……而定(后接从句)。如:

Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good

or bad. 根据你工作的好坏,你会得到表扬或批评。

According as you are studying now, you won’t make much

progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看,你不会有多大的进步。

2. according to

(1) 根据,按照(主要引出状语)。如:

Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。

According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表,现在是五点钟。

Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。

注:according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词,也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如:

依我看,这部电影很不错。

正:In my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误:According to my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误:According to me, the film is wonderful.

(2) 合乎,符合(主要引出表语)。如:

It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。

remind sb to do与remind sb of doing

先做一道题:

Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.

A. of taking B. taking

C. to take D. take

【陷阱】容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:

remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事

remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)

remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)

请看两个例句:

I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。

My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。

Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?

lie, laid, lay, lain, lying

请先看一道题:

When she came several days later, she found that all things

still _______ where she had _______ them.

A. lay; laid B. laid; laid

C. lay; lain D. lying; lain

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的过去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的过去分词,句意为“……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方”。请注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及词形变换: (1) lay 有两个常见意思:一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物),二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如:

Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。

Are your hens laying yet? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗?

Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?

(2) lie 有三个主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放”,二是表示“位于”,三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三义时,均为不及物动词。如:

Don’t lie in bed all morning. 别一个上午都躺在床上。

The book lay open on the desk. 那本书摊开着放在桌上。

Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。

The small town lies among the mountains. 小镇位于群山之中。

I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。

(3) 这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形。注意下表所示:

意 思 现在分词 过去式 过去分词

lie 躺,平放,位于(vi.) lying lay lain

lie 说谎(vi.) lying lied lied

lay 放(vt.),下蛋(vi.&vt.) laying laid laid

请做下题(答案均为B) :

(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they

aren’t _____.

A. lay, lying B. laid, laying

C. lay, laying D. lied, lying

(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had

_____ the purse on the desk.

A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid

C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain

choose和choose from

请看题:

There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.

A. to be chosen B. to choose from

C. to choose D. for choosing

【分析】此题容易误选C。其实应选B。choose 表示“选择”,其实是指“选择出来”(pick out),而不是指“从……选择”,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from,有时也用 choose among。同样地,下面两例中的介词 from 也不可省略:

Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 这些词典可供你选择。

In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事实上,有各种各样的颜色可供选择。

比较:

He chose a red one. 他选了一个红色的。

He chose from some red ones. 他从一些红色的当中去选。

He didn’t know which to choose. 他不知道选哪个。

He didn’t know which to choose from. 他不知道从哪个当中去选。

请做以下试题(答案选D):

(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports

meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few ______,

I’d say.”

A. chosen B. to choose

C. to be chosen D. to choose from

(2) “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we

have several models ______.”

A. to pick up B. to pick C. to choose D. to choose from

advertise与advertise for

请看下面一道题:

If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.

A. advertise B. advertise for

C. advertise on D. advertise to

【分析】容易误选B,认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”,advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。

事实上,正确答案为A。advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词 for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:

advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时

advertise 不及物)

advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)