高中英语词语辨析

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高中英语词语辨析

have and eye on,have an eye to,have an eye for这三个短语的涵义各不相同,不能互换使用。Have an eye on是“照顾”、“留意”、“监视”,它与keep an eye on同义,可互换使用。例:Please have(keep)and eye on my child while I am away.我不在的时候,请看管一下我的孩子。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m You must have(keep)an eye on that loan shark.你必须监视那个大耳窿的活动。have an eye to是“有欲得…的愿望”。例:All these countries have

an eye to this island as it is rich in oil.所有这些国家都想夺取这个岛屿,因为它盛产石油。Since he joined the company,he has had an eye to its financial interests and assets.自从加入了该公司,他就觊觎公司的财务权益及资产。Have an eye for的意思是“对…有眼力”、“有识别…的能力”。例:This old man has an eye for curios.这个老大爷有辨别古董的眼力。All the police dogs trained have an eye for drugs.所有受过训练的警犬都有识别毒品的能力。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m have been in,have been to,have gone to这三个短语都有“到某地去”的意思,但涵义和用法各不相同。Have been in强调“过去曾去过”之意,表示经验;have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”,它强调“最近的经历”;have gone to表示“动作的完成”,强调人已离开说话的地方。通过下列句子的对比,可以分清它们各自不同的涵义:They have

been in Chicago.(1)They have been to Chicago.(2)They have gone to Chicago.(3)w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m(1)句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来。言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等。(2)句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了”。此语强调的是往返的经历。(3)句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”,此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中”,它强调“去”的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点。hire与rent Hire和rent用作动词时,一般都表示“租用”、“租借”的意思,其实这两个词的涵义和使用场合是不同的。hire也可表示“雇用”,而rent则不可。现把hire和rent分辨如下:(一)hire可用于人或物,如:They hired a truck to dispose of the junk.他们租用一辆货车搬走杂物。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m She has hired a domestic helper to do the housework.她雇用了一名家务助理打理家务。但rent只可用于物件(尤其建筑物类),如:The holiday-makers rented a jeep for their journey.那些度假人士租用一辆

吉普车去旅行。Unable to afford a flat,the newly-weds have to rent a room.那对新婚夫妇因买不起一套房子而只好租住一个房间。(二)用于死物时,两个词一般都有特定用法:hire指较小型工具,如clothing、skis、fishing tools、musical instruments、computer、machine、 - 2 - rent指房屋(或部分)或较大型工具,如house、flat、room、auditorium、hall、stall、a computer system、machine。例:The picnickers hired some warm clothes for a trip up the mountain top.旅行人为登山顶而租用一些保暖衣服。The singer rented an auditorium for a concert.那位歌星租了一所大堂举行演唱会。(三)指交通工具时(如car、bicycle、taxi、boat),hire和rent同时可用,唯一分别是rent比hire指的是较长期的租用,而且较偏重租金方面。Whe hire a taxi downtown.我们乘计程汽车入市区。We rent a car for the long journey.我们租车作长途旅行。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m顺带一提,hire解作“雇用”时与employ同义,但用法稍有不同。hire是一般用法,指普通的雇用,如hire a servant、hire a domestic helper、hire a temporary teacher、hire some substitute staff等。employ是较正式的用语,一般指大公司聘用职员,如employ a teacher、employ a clerk、employ a manager等。hope与expect这两个词的词义和使用场合都有所不同。(一)hope表示“希望”的意思;expect则是“等待”和“期望”。就词的使用而言,expect比hope是个较正式的用语。(二)一般说来,hope常出于没有把握、没有根据的个人希望或愿望;expect是出于有把握和根据的期望。(三)hope可作名词和动词;expect只能用作动词。下面先看hope的例句:I hope for a visit from Mr.Lee though I have no word from him.虽然我没有收到李先生的信,但是我仍然希望他来看我。The rain has

continued for days and it is hoped that it will clear up in the next couple of days.雨连续下了多天;希望以后数天会转晴。We hurried to the train station in the hope of meeting our

old friend.我们匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站。希望能见到我们的老友。在上面第一和第二个句子中,hope是动词;在第三句中,hope是名词。下面是expect的例句:I expect a visit from

Mr.Zhang since he has written me that he is coming.张先生写了一封信给我,说他就要来,所以我在等他来。Torrential rain,squalls and wind were expected and the weather forecast

warned that downpours would bring more flooding and landslides.w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m暴雨和狂风预期还会来。气象预报警告,大雨将会带来更多的大水泛滥及山泥倾泻。在美国口语里,expect可用以表示“料想”、“以为”之意。例如:I expect you met him in the meeting yesterday.我

以为你昨日在大会上已碰到他了。注:在美国,hope之后接that引导的宾语从句,从句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时,它可以代替一般将来时态。例:I hope that I see him there.这里的see等于will see。however与no matter how However和no matter how同义,都表示“无论如何”的意思,又都引导让步状语从句,但它们的修辞意味和使用场合有所不同。However是比较正式的用语,大都用于书面语,口语中较少使用;no matter how则比较口语化,它的语势比however重,故常用在强调的场合。请看下面的例句:The task must be done,however arduous it may be.无论多么艰难,这个任务一定要完成。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m(试比较一般句:The task must be done though it is arduous.)I'll take your words,no matter how harsh they may be.无论语气多么难听,我还是听你的话的。(试比较一般句:Although y - 3 - our words are harsh,I'll take them.)However有时可表达“然而”、“可是”之意,出现于句中或句尾。例:They said that it was so;they were mistaken,however.他们说事情就是如此,可是他们错了。与之类似区别的词语很多,例如whatever/no matter what、whenever/no matter when、wherever/no matter where、whichever/no matter which、whoever/no matter who。human与humane这两个词都是形容词,由于拼法相近,故易混淆。Human/'hju:m+n/的意思是“人的”、“人类的”(of man or belonging to man),它是个中性词,能用于褒义场合,如human virtues;human achievement,也能用于贬义场合,如human follies;human vices。例:This is

what we call human touch or human nature.这就是我们所谓的人情味或人性。The cruelty

of the enemies suggests that they are less thanhuman.敌人的残暴行为暴露了他们的豺狼本性。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m Humane/hju:'mein/的意思是“仁慈的”、“人道的”(benevolent or humanistic),它是个褒义词。例:On returning to Japan,the prisoners of war expressed their gratitude for the humane treatment they had received in China.日本战俘在返国时,对他们在中国所受到的人道待遇表示感激。What we have done is in full accord with the humane spirit.我们所做的一切都是完全符合人道精神的。应当在此指出,在18世纪之前,human和humane在涵义和用法上并没有区别,往往可以互换使用。例如在莎士比亚的作品里,就出现“human statute”的说法,我们今天都是用humane。英国诗人Alexander Pope也写过To err is humane,to forgive divine的诗句,我们今天则说:To err is human。与之类似区别的词很多,下面略举数例,以见一斑:值得注意的是,上列这些词,虽然拼法相近,都是后者比前者多了一个-e,但读法却