高中英语词语辨析

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★ 词语辨析:

used to与be used to

1. be used to 意为“习惯于” ,其中的 to 是介词,所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be。如:

He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。

I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work. 我相信我会习惯这艰苦工作的。

注:be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to

为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:

A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。

2. used to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,而不是介词,所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。如:

He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。

注:used to 通常不能与表示具体次数(如 twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如

three months, five years 等)的词或短语连用,但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用。如:

正:I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎 3 次。

误:I used to go to Paris three times.

正:I lived in the country for three years. 我在乡下住过 3 年。

误:I used to live in the country for three years.

正:I always used [used always] to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗。

used to 构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式:即借助助动词did 或直接将 used

用作助动词。如:

He usedn’t [didn’t use] to come. 他过去不常来。

You used to go there, usedn’t [didn’t] you? 你过去常到那儿去,是吗?

另外,有时也可见到以下这样的否定式和疑问式,但不是很普通:

Did you use(d) to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗?

They didn’t use(d) to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。

There used to be a cinema here, use(d)n’t there? 往日这里曾有家电影院,是吗?

various与different

区别一 different 表示“不同的”,指的可能是种类不同、不相像、不一样、不是同一个等,强调“异”。如:

Mary and Jane are quite different. 玛丽与简大不一样。

This book is different from that one. 这本书与那本书不一样。

This is not what I want; I want a different one. 我要的不是这个,我要一个不同的。

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2 区别二 various 表示“各种各样的”、“各不相同的”等,主要指彼此不同且种类繁多,强调“异”而“多”。如:

There are various ways of cooking an egg. 鸡蛋有各种各样的煮法。

There’s been snow today in various parts of the country. 今天全国各地都下了雪。

比较:

He gave various reasons (= a number of different reasons) for being late. 他为自己的迟到举出了种种理由。

This time he gave different reasons (= not the same as last time) for his being

late. 这次他为自己的迟到举出了不同的理由。

注:由于 various 不仅强调“异”而且强调“多”,所以其后接的名词通常用复数;而

different 强调的只是“异”而不是“多”,所以其后的名词可以是单数或复数。

tight与tightly

两者均可表示“紧紧地”,但tight通常只用于动词之后,而tightly则可用于动词之前或之后。如:

Please hold it tight [tightly]. 请紧紧握住它。

We were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。

It has stuck so tightly that I can’t get it off. 它黏得这样紧我没法把它揭下来。

slow 与slowly

两者都可表示“慢”,但slow通常只与少数动词(如 go, drive, pass, climb, run, walk

等)连用,且应置于其后;而slowly则用法较广,且可置于动词之前或之后,有时还可置于句首。如:

He walked slowly [slow] up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。

She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。

Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。

Negotiations were going slowly, and not well. 谈判进展缓慢,也不顺利。

It is a good habit to eat slowly. 吃东西慢一点是好习惯。

He walked slowly past the house. 他从屋旁慢慢走过。

The balloon rose up slowly into the air. 气球冉冉升入空中。

Then the audience dispersed slowly. 然后观众慢慢散去。

【注】在某些特殊句型(如感叹句等)中,slow也可放在主语之前。如:

How slow [slowly] the time passes! 时间过得真慢!

The slower you drive, the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。

quick与quickly

两者均可表示“快”,在口语中,一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时),并好读书教育 好读书中高考学校 陈子豪专用

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3 且总是放在动词之后;若放在动词之前,一般用quickly。如:

Come quick(ly). There’s been an accident. 快来,出事故了。

You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。

He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。

The evening passed quickly. 晚上很快过去了。

He ran as quickly as he could. 他使劲地跑。

It gets hot quickly when the sun comes. 太阳出来了天很快热起来。

I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎么能很快地到达那里。

He quickly availed himself of the opportunity. 他很快利用了这个机会。

After his wife’s death he aged quickly. 他妻子死后他老得很快。

Relief was quickly sent to sufferers from the great fire. 救济物资迅速送到大火中受害人的手中。

How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday. 时间过得真快!这仿佛是昨天发生的事似的。

high与highly

两者均可表示“高”,但high通常表示具体的高,且主要修饰动词;highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”),除修饰动词(如 speak, praise, think of等)外,还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于 very

much)。如:

He climbed high. 他爬得很高。

He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。

His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。

She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。

The Chinese ate a highly civilized people. 中国人是有高度文明的人。

At this news they were highly indignant. 听了这消息他们非常愤怒。

The diesel engine is highly efficient. 这台柴油机效率很高。

It was highly confidential. 这是高度机密的。

It’s highly likely that he will succeed. 很可能他会成功。

They thought very highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。

A news commentator should be a highly literate man. 新闻评论员应当是受过良好教育的人。

The industry of France was not yet highly developed. 那时法国的工业尚未高度发展。

“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is a highly imaginative poem. “古舟子咏”是一首非常富有想像力的诗。

【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中,通常要用 high。如:high-priced 高价的