【附20套高考模拟试题】上海市闵行区2020届高三下学期(二模)英语【文】试题含答案

2020届上海市闵行区高考一模英语试题第一部分（共20小题每，小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Don’t refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word as sometimes its meaning may be _______ clearly in a given context.A．picked out B．ruled out C．brought out D．taken out2．The prediction from Maya worries residents _______ December 21, 2012 would be the end of the world. A．if B．that C．whether D．which3．—What did she want to know, Tom?—She wondered we could complete the experimentA．when was it that B．it was when thatC．it was when D．when it was that4．Ms Alice is considered a lady by us, for she often helps the poor she met with. A．selfish B．hopefulC．mean D．generous5．—I have no idea what made the students so excited and crazy.—______ it have been their team’s vi ctory in the finals?A．Must B．CouldC．Would D．Should6．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks.A．another B．otherC．others D．the other7．--- I can’t think why he_____ so angry. I meant no offence.---It’s typical of him to be sensitive.A．should have been B．must have beenC．might have been D．can have been8．The new secretary is and therefore the manager is satisfied with her work.A．effective B．efficient C．specific D．sufficient9．In the past few years, we’ve seen works by Chinese sci-fi writers winning international ______. A．conclusion B．standardC．potential D．recognition10．—Did you enjoy your journey to Beijing last weekend?—. We had driven more than 3 hours before we found the right way.A．Absolutely B．No way C．Not at all D．With pleasure11．—________? You look really down.—I’m tired of my job. There are endless problems to deal with.A．Why bother B．So whatC．What’s up D．Why not12．Once published, the novel was a(n) success and was soon translated into nine foreign languages.A．occasional B．instantC．constant D．individual13．—Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind,I almost break down.A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled14．--- Do you know what Tom does all day ?---- I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he ____________his lessons.A．is doing B．does C．spends to do D．does doing15．If we want students to become effective in multicultural settings, one thing is clear: there is no ________ for practice.A．prescription B．substituteC．appetite D．suspension16．I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so that he wouldn't feel ________.A．challenged B．challengingC．to be challenged D．having challenged17．That’s far more than the number that have actually ______ in recent years.A．come to light B．come to life C．come across18．The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but every meal can serve at least two people and is under ¥10, so not only is it ______ but practical as well.A．adaptable B．adjustableC．adoptable D．affordable19．—________! Somebody has left the lab door open.—Don’t look at me.A．Hi, there B．Dear meC．Thank goodness D．Come on20．If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe. A．had been B．wereC．would be D．was第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020届上海闵行中学高三英语第二次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashington D.C. SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.The Old Town Trolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites including Museum of African American History and Culture.Comedy Walks Washington D.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1.Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour2.Which tour lasts longest?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour3.Where will you read this text most likely?A.In a guidebook.B.In a magazine.C.In a newspaper.D.On the Internet.BLike all cultural institutions, galleries and art fairs are adapting to a new reality.Art Basel Hong Kong, Asia's biggest contemporary-art fair, was cancelled because of covid-19, but anyone he who had planned to visit last week could enjoy an experimental alternative：the viewing room. At the click of a keyboard) you could enter an overall view but private visual salon, without having to brave the airless Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre.There, on one webpage, was Jeff Koons riffing(翻唱)on Botticelli's "Primavera" in a tribute to the history of painting at David Zwirner Gallery. Ota Fine Arts offered one collector the chance to acquire an "infinity(无限)room“, one of the most Instagrammed artworks of recent years- the creation of the fantasies,nonagenarian (九十多岁) Japanese artist, Yayoi Kusama. White Cube presented a large collection of international works by Andreas Gursky (German), Theaster Gates (American) and Beatriz Milhazes (Brazilian). But not every artist, gallery and form showed to equal advantage in this alternative fair. Not surprisingly, simple two-dimensional works in bright colours came across best No sculpture or conceptual art was includedBesides depth and texture, there are aspects of gallery hopping that a website is unlikely to copy. One isserendipity—the sense of wandering between artworks and encountering the unexpected. Another is sociability. Art is a communion between artist and viewer, but galleries and fairs are also places to swap opinions and share enthusiasms.Thereare ways to compensate (or these inevitable(不可避免的)disadvantages. As they shut their physical doors, some of the world's nest galleries and museums are offering advanced interactive visits, 360 degree videos and walk around tours of their collections, allwithout queues and high ticket prices. One of the best is laid on by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam；its tour allows visitors to view its Vermeers and Rembrandts, including the magnicent "Night Watch”, far more closely than would normally he possible. Another standout offering is from the Museu de Arte de SPaulo, which has an even broader collection. On its virtual platform, its pain tings, spanning 700 years, appear to be hanging in an open-plan space, seemingly hung on glass panels, or "crystal easels” as the. museum calls them, ideal for close-up inspection,4. From the paragraph 3, we may knowA. "Primavera" was originally painted by JeKoonsB.“innity room” was the most popular artworks of recent years on social mediaC. White Cube displayed a great many works by artists from different nationsD. Various paintings and statues showed on the webpage are well-received5. What does the underlined word "serendipity" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. surpriseB. treasureC. expectationD. compromise6. What is the purpose of writing the last paragraph?A.To introduce some popular art show in the world.B. To show that there are some alternative ways to promote the display during covid-19 epidemic.C. To prove that paintings hung on glass panels can be idealfor close-up inspection,D. To release some information about some extraordinary art shows.7. What is the best title?A. Art beyond the internet.B. Fascinating art.C. Art under covid-19.D. gallery hoppingCWe use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive(认知的)processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve (检索)relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech, we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette (礼仪)rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, "OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at theUniversityofChicago. "It maintains people'strust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.8. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.9. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.10. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.11. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A ProblemDIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.12. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.13. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.14. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①15. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AArtificial intelligence (Al) is practically everywhere today. There are so many products out there which use Al. Some are being developed, some are already in use, and some failed and are being improved, so it’s very difficult to name a few of them and regard them as the best.ViIt is an Al personal trainer which is mainly concerned with fitness and coaching. It, however, requires the use of bio-sensing earphones and other fitness tracking equipment! It can play your favourite music while you work out and all you have to worry about is the exercise you're doing.Deep TextDo you ever wonder how an ad appears suddenly just when you are looking for something similar? This is because of Deep Text. It uses real-time consumer information to produce data which in turn is used to target consumers. Thus, if you search online for flight tickets fromBangaloretoDelhi, it is very likely that an ad relating to hotels inDelhiwill soon follow.Hello EggIf you live alone and miss your mother because you always miss your breakfast or don’t know what to eat for dinner, then Hello Egg is exactly what you are looking for. A very healthy choice of the 2-minute noodles and oats, Hello Egg provides you with a detailed weekly meal plan about the needs of your body. It is truly a modern AI-powered home cooking tool for the young.WordsmithYou can put Mr. Smith into your Microsoft Excel using their free API, and let it write up detailed analysis of the stories behind your numbers. It can produce detailed reports on thousands of pages of spreadsheets in seconds.1. What can we learn about Vi from the text?A. It is an AI music player.B. It is a bio-sensing earphone.C. It doesn't work without bio-sensing earphones.D. It can make you more energetic while you work out.2. Which can help you improve cooking skill?A. Deep Text.B. Vi.C. Wordsmith.D. Hello Egg.3. What can Wordsmith do for us?A. Produce a detailed report.B. Provide us with a detailed meal plan.C. Book a ticket ahead of time.D. Offer us information on hotels for traveling.BMy sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.One day, it will be.4. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A. They made the town smelly.B. They made the town unhealthy.C. They made the town dirty.D. They made the town poor.5. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.B. Stop people buying cigarettes.C. Pick up the cigarette butts.D. Win prizes for starting groups.6. From the passage we can know that _____.A. no companies wanted to give money to themB. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner placeC. There are only 45”No Butts About It”D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes27. Which is the best tittle for the passage?A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D. No Butts Prize.CWho is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”8. Whatdoes the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A. They're unfair.B. They're conservative.C. They're objective.D. They're strict.9. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs10. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.D. Changes in people's social positions.11. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and LuckDSaroo Brierley, a 4-year-old boy, livedin ruralIndia. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found himself alone. So he got on the train in front of him to search for his brother.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院), where he was adopted by an Australian family and taken to Tasmania.Brierley is a famous writer now, and in his new book,A Long Way Home, he wrote he couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back inIndia. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country seemed impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station”—and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain”—and there it was. Everything matched!Standing in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing at the entrance. It tookhim a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, “My mother came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, my eyes filled with tears and my brain blank. I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.”12. Why did Brierley get on the train when he was a little boy?A. To go back to his home.B. To look for his brother.C. To travel toTasmania.D. To follow a stranger.13. What made it difficult for Brierley to find his hometown?A. The vast area ofIndia.B. The fact that he was nobody then.C. His not remembering the town’s name.D. The distance betweenAustraliaand his hometown.14. How did Brierley find his hometown?A. By studying digital maps.B. By analyzing old pictures.C. By travelling all aroundIndia.D. By spreading his story via his book.15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Love for MotherB. Union with BrotherC. Memory of HometownD. Long Way back Home第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVail Marriott Mountain ResortVail Winter Weather GuideCovered in grand mountains，flashing lights and snowy pines, Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike. Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth, this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.Best Time to VacationDecember through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.Know Before You GoMake the necessary preparations and reservations in advance：• Ski and Snowboard Rentals（租赁）：Don't have your own equipment! Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities, as well as snow shoes and helmets.• Clothing Rentals：For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation. Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you, where you can get mountain necessities like coats, pants and goggles（护目镜）.• Suncream：You might not think about getting sunburn, but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.• Difficulty levels：It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain. Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to ski down ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain：• Green Circle：These are the easiest slopes.• Blue Square：These indicate average to medium levels.• Black Diamond：The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.While Vail is famous for snow sports, you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down or you are tired. Explore the rest of our website for more information!1. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?A. In March, April June and DecemberB. In December, February, April and MarchC. In January, February, March and DecemberD. In September, October, November and December2. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort, you will have to take ________with you.A. helmetsB. gogglesC. suncreamD. a trail map3. What will a skiing beginner who wants to enjoy himself prefer to choose?A. Blue SquareB. Black DiamondC Double Black Diamonds D. Green CircleBA team of engineers atHarvardUniversity in trying to create the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks."The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own’ said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings hasa number of interdependencies (相互依赖）on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it d connected to,” said Wood.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animal，but using these robots instead” he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”4. What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?A. It's automatic.B.It's very small.C. It's controllable.D. It's quite powerful.5. We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can____ .A. act as a spy planeB. help do farm workC.fly at a very high speedD. answer many scientific questions6. What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?A. It is highly questionable.B. It has wide practical applications.C. It gives scientists interest in flying machines.D. It points to a new direction in studying biology.7. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Harvand's Study in the Field of Insects.B. A Breakthrough in Engineering ScienceC. An Interesting Invention一Robotic FlyD. Robotic Fly一a Copy of Real Life InsectCAddiction to smartphones will result in poor sleep, according to a new study.The study, published Tuesday in Frontiers in Psychiatry, looked at smartphone use among 1,043 students between the ages of 18 and 30at King's College London. Researchers asked the students to complete two questionnaires on their sleep quality and smartphone use, in person and online.Using a 10-question scale that was developed to judge smartphone addiction in children, nearly 40% of the university students qualified as "addicted" to smartphones, the study found. “Our findings are in agreement with other reported studies in young adult populations globally, which are in the range of 30-45%,” lead author Sei Yon Sohn and her co-authors wrote in the study. "Later time of use was also significantly connected with smartphone addiction, with use after 1 a.m. increasing a 3- times risk," the authors wrote.Students who reported high use of smartphones also reported poor sleep quality, the study found. That foils in line with previous studies that have found overuse of smartphones at night to be associated with trouble falling asleep, reduced sleep duration (睡眠持续时间)and daytime tiredness. That's likely because use of smartphones close to bedtime has been shown to delay the body's normal sleep - and - wake clock.In fact, the No. 1 rule is "no computers, cell phones, and ipads in bed and at least one hour beforebed Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, who directs sleep basic research, said in a recent interview. That's because "any LED lightsource from electronics (电子设备)may further hold back melatonin (褪黑激素)levels," Polotsky said. Melatonin is often referred to as a "sleep hormone," because we sleep better during the night when levels reach the top.“This is a cross-sectional study, and it cannot lead to any firm conclusions about smartphone use as the cause of reduced sleep quality, said Bob Patton, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Surrey, via email.8. How did Sei Yon Sohn's team begin their study?A. By publishing researching papers.B. By responding to others’ concern.C. By collecting firsthand data.D. By turning to related experts.9. What did the study find about sleep quality and smartphone use?A. 30-45% of the university students are addicted to smartphones.B. High use of smartphones is related to poor sleep quality.C. Overuse of smartphones leads to shorter sleep duration.D. Use after 1 a.m. will result in smartphone addiction.10. What is Polotsky's opinion on electronics ?A. We should stop using them an hour before going to sleep.B. LED light source from them will delay normal sleep- and- wake clock.C. Reduced sleep quality has nothingto do with them.D. No electronics should be used in bed at any time.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Say No to SmartphonesB. Sleep Quality Can Be ImprovedC. LED Light Source Causes Great HarmD. Smartphone Addiction Ruins SleepDWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question，you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-­technology（生物技术）. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents，murder and war. Today’s leading killers，such as heart disease，cancer，and aging itself，will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes，the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells（细胞）are the basic units of all living things，and until recently，scientists were surethat the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so，people will beable to take medicine to repair their organs（器官）. The medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life，will build new brain cells，heart cells，and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence，but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.12. According to the passage，human death is now mainly caused by ________.A. diseases and agingB. accidents and warC. accidents and agingD. heart disease and war13. In the author’s opinion，today’s most important advance in technology lies in（在于）________.A. the InternetB. medicineC. brain cellsD. human organs14. Humans may live longer in the future because ________.A. heart disease will be far away from usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine15. How long can humans live in the future according to the passage?A. Over 100 years.B. More than 120 years.C. About 150 years.D. The passage doesn’t tell us.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市奉贤区2020届高三下学期二模考试英语试卷一、完型填空 本大题共1道小题。

1.Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has ___21___ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.This is ___22___ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas —which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to ___23___ happiness, people should "build a life that requires ___24___ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea ___25___: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of ___26___ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. ___27___ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he ___28___ his decision to his dining partner —which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts —and always lets them pick.While it’s ___29___ what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ____30____ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a ____31____. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, ____32____ you introduce more choices.When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ____33____. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.答案第20页，总21页As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly ____34____ brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices ____35____ that ability out.21. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated22. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed23. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek24. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder25. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part26. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored27. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of28. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits29. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable30. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing31. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache32. A. after B. before C. when D. until33. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction34. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct35. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put答案及解析：1.21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A这是一篇说明文。

2020届上海市奉贤中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Middlerby Kirsty ApplebaumEleven-year-old Maggie lives in Fennis Wick, enclosed and protected from the outside world. Her brother Jed is the eldest, a hero. Her younger brother is Trig—everyone loves Trig. But Maggie's just a middler；she is left behind. In this book, we experience the sadness of being the forgotten middle child, the child with no voice, even in her own family.Dennis in Jurassic Barkby Nigel AuchterlounieBeanotown is in trouble again, and this time the danger is Jurassic! Dennis，latest adventure is filled with fun, including Vikings, Victorians and soon, along with puzzles for you to finish. Can you help Dennis save Beanotown from the prehistoric invasion?Little Book for Big Changesby Karen Ng and Kirsten LiepmannIncluding more than 100 activities, try-outs, games, puzzles and tips,Little Book for Big Changesoffers fun and creative ways to bring people together to help change the world. Understand more about big problems in the world such as inequality and climate change, and be empowered to help make the world a better place.The Saga of Erik the Vikingby Terry JonesIn this illustrated story, Erik the Viking sets out with his trusty team of men in search of the land where the Sun goes at night. On his journey, he will meet adventures that will put his courage to the test.1. Who told a story about an unseen child in a family?A. Terry Jones.B. Kirsty Applebaum.C. Nigel Auchterlounie.D. Karen Ng and Kirsten Liepmann.2. Which book is proper for kids who love prehistoric-related stories?A.The Middler.B.Little Book for Big Changes.C.Dennis in Jurassic Bark.D.The Saga of Erik the Viking.3. What is special aboutLittle Book for Big Changes"!A. It is about two people.B. It is an adventure book.C. It has picturesinside to help kids read.D. It teaches kids to care for the world.B“Heavy hearts, like heavy clouds in the sky, are best relieved by the letting of a little water, the French writer Antoine de Rivarol wrote. This love letter to the cleansing beauty of a good cry is a comforting thought at atime when the continuing stress of the COVID-19 has added heaviness to each of our lives.Scientifically, de Rivarol's poetic image doesn't, if you'll forgive the words used in the poem, hold water. There's limited research on crying, partly because of the difficulty of copying the behavior of real crying in a lab. But even within the previous studies, there's little evidence to suggest that crying provides a physiological cleansing of poisons in people's body.Psychologists believe the relief of a good cry connects with a different emotional process. “It seems that crying occurs just after the peak of the emotional experience, and crying is associated with this return to homeostasis: the process of maintaining a stable psychological state,” said Lauren Bylsma. He also said holding back tears can have negative physical consequences, including headaches and muscle tension. Such restriction can also limit our experiences of joy, gratitude and other positive emotions if we avoid acknowledging our feelings.For me crying has been easier said than done during the COVID-19. Psychologists say it's normal to feel stopped up by the stresses of the past year. We should find opportunities to release and process our emotions.Watching a tear-jerking movie, having an emotional conversation with a close friend, and writing in a journal are healthy ways toelicita cry. Physical activity like light-footed walking or even dancing can also signal our bodies to release some emotional tightness. We can then open up to the flow of feelings that leave us feeling lighter and refreshed—like a clear sky after a soaking rain.4. What is the weakness of the studies ever clone on crying?A. They were clone in a laboratory setting.B. They cared little about different forms of crying.C. They were always concentrated on people's daily life.D. They showed little about the positive physical effect of crying.5. What is the function of crying according to Lauren Bylsma?A. Curing people of their diseases.B. Keeping emotionally balanced.C. Producing negative mental results.D. Expanding people's experience of joy.6. What does the underlined word “elicit” in the last paragraph mean?A. Produce.B. Postpone.C. Control.D. Repeat.7. What are people advised to do according to the text?A. Learn to hold back their tears wisely.B. Share their emotion with their colleagues.C. Have a good cry when necessary.D. Try to avoid admitting our feelings.CFirefighters in Florida this week helped rescue a bald eagle with a fishing hook stuck in its beak（嘴）and the attached line wrapped around its wing and beak. Firefighters at Pasco County Fire Rescue Station 21 on Thursday were greeted by two children holding the injured bald eagle and seeking help, according to the station’s Facebook page.The firefighters called Owl’s Nest Sanctuary（保护区）for Wildlife in Odessa for assistance and a volunteer came out to help. "It appears that the eagle was wrapped in the line for about two days, was underweight, and thirsty,” the post said.Floridahas one of the densest concentrations of nesting bald eagles in the lower 48 states with an estimated 1 ,500 nesting pairs according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.PascoCountyis located in the state's west central coast north ofTampa.After the eagle was examined, it was placed in a container and taken to the sanctuary for treatment where Kris Potter, the sanctuary's director, successfully removed the hook.The sanctuary posted on its Facebook page that the eagle is making up for lost time when it comes to food. "He's eating all his meals with great enthusiasm and doesn't leave a crumb（碎屑）behind,“ the post said. "In the meantime, this big guy is resting and recovering ——he's already looking so much better!”After the eagle is considered stable, it will be taken toBuschGardensinTampafor further treatment, according to the post.“ Thankfully the eagle appears in good health and veterinarians（兽医）believe that the eagle will fully recover," the post said.When the eagle is cleared for return to the wild, it will be released in the area around Station 21 , the station said in its post.“A big thank-you to everyone who helped save this bald eagle's life! We are thankful for this happy outcome!”the post concluded. The sanctuary used the story to remind those who enjoy fishing to properly dispose of their garbage.8. Who initially found the injured bald eagle?A. Firefighters.B. Two children.C. The sanctuary's founder.D. A volunteer.9. Where will the eagle be set free?A. AtPascoCounty Fire Rescue Station 21.B. In the neighborhood around Station 21.C. In the sanctuary inOdessa.D. InBuschGardensinTampa.10. Why did the sanctuary post the story?A. To win a good reputation.B. To praise those firefighters.C. To appeal to people to protect bald eagles.D. To remind fishing lovers to deal with rubbish properly.11. What can we know about the outcome of the event?A. It's unexpected.B. It's beautiful.C. It's humorous.D. It's discouraging.DIt is essential that students have a category of school-related activities they can participate in. These activities can range from activities during normal school hours to after-school activities. No matter the time, these activities should be available to every student, and at Victory Pioneers International Schools (V.P.I.S) it is encouraged that every student participate in at least one activity, educational and recreational.One of the primary reasons school activities are important at V.P.I.S. is because it gives students the exercise they might not normally receive. Most popularly, these types of activities include major sports such as football, basketball, baseball, tennis, track and field and soccer but also might include gymnasium games and other games.Activities during V.P.I.S. also make a good impression on colleges if students are planning to pursue more education. Colleges look for students who do not just go to school and go home after school. These activitiesrange from participating in clubs and sports to volunteering after school at a recreation center or having a part-time job. If a college sees you maintained good grades while participating in these activities, it will be impressed.V.P.I.S. activities also allow students to be creative. Gifted-and-talented activities allow gifted students to participate in what they otherwise would never have experienced in the classroom. They are a great way to allow students to be creative. Additionally, participating in clubs such as drama that appeal to students’ interest also allows them to expand their knowledge and be creative.Students also can have their interests expanded by participating in activities. These activities could consist of anything, such as joining the Future Business Leaders, the school’s debate team and the chess team, to name a few. By participating in these activities, a student might realize he is interested in something he never knew he was interested in before.12. What can we learn about activities at V.P.I.S.?A. Not every student has access to them.B. Students are required to take part in them after school.C. They give students exercise that might not be got in other schools.D. Educational activities are more popular with the students.13. What benefits can the students get from the activities?A. They can get extra grades when applying for colleges.B. They will become more gifted and talented .C. They may expand their knowledge in drama.D. They may better know their own interests.14. Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?A. The Benefits of V.P.I.S. ActivitiesB. School-related Activities at V.P.I.S.C. Colleges Need Creative StudentsD. Activities Make You Creative15. Where is the passage probably from?A. A scientific magazine.B. A college application guideline.C. A club introduction.D. The website of V.P.I.S.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChildren under the age of 18 will be allowed up to three hours per week to play video games, according to a notice issued by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies are required to provide services to minors — from8 to 9 p. m. on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays — as a way to safeguard their physical and mental health. Children are playing more and more online games these days. Is it time to limit their online gaming time? What role do parents have? Readers share their opinions.RizlaredOnline games are addictive, but if children are taught how to manage in a sensible and responsible manner then it is no longer a threat(威胁).To achieve this, parents need to set examples for not being glued to their phones. Teaching is and always will be the best solution to such problems.AndrewGood policy. By limiting time spent on online games, kids can spend time doing more useful things to develop their potential. They can go outside and run, jump and swim instead of sitting on a couch at home and playing with a smart phone.AdamIt is often seen that parents argue with children over cellphones. Most parents can hardly set and enforce the time limit for its daily usage. Some forcibly take away their cellphones, but it will ruin trust and relationship. Even worse, it will make their kids hate them.PinkExcessive(过度的）gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect on both physical and mental health. The gaming industry should not put profit- flaking interests as its priority (优先事项) . They should act in a socially responsible way toprovide an environment for children to ensure their well-being and development.LaurenThere would be a loophole(漏洞). Children could use their parents’ or other adults’ IDs to avoid real-name registration, thus making it impossible to put this policy in effect. Parents ly need to strengthen guidance andsupervision to keep their children from gaming addiction.1. What should kids do according to Andrew?A. Play online games.B. Play with a smart phone.C. Study all the time.D. Go in for outside activities.2. What does Pink advise the gaming industry to do?A. Pay attention to its profit.B. Focus on kids’ health.C. Be responsible for kids’ surroundings.D. Persuade kids lo play more games.3. What role do parents have according to the passage?A. They keep hold of their phones.B. They set examples for their kids.C. They limit their kids’ time.D. They blame kids for addiction.BConcrete is the world's most consumed material after water. Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity—turning buildings into giant batteries. The idea has been gaining ground as we have come to increasingly rely on renewable energy from the wind and sun: rechargeable batteries are necessary when the breeze dies down or darkness falls.Experimental concrete batteries have only managed to hold a small part of what a traditional battery does. But one team now reports in Buildings that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 900 percent increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts.A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, "you can make a battery out of a potato," notes Aimee Byrne. In a future where sustainability is key, she likes the idea of buildings that avoid waste by providing shelter and powering electronics.Although the new design stores more than 10 times as much power as earlier attempts, it still has a long way to go: 200 square meters of it "can provide about 8 percent of the daily electricity consumption" of a typical U.S. home, Zhang says.This is not enough to compete with today's rechargeable devices. "We're getting milliamps (毫安) out of concrete batteries—we're not getting amps (安培), "Byrne says." We're getting hours as opposed to days of charge." But she adds that" concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs." The earliest batteries were simple andbulky. Researchers experimented with new materials and designs for more than a century to develop today's small devices. Byrne suggests concrete-based energy storage could undergo a similar evolution. "The whole idea is that we're looking far into the future," she says. "We're playing thelong game with it."4. What can we learn about the concrete batteries?A. They become increasingly renewable.B. They are the most consumed batteries.C. They are being developed by researchers.D. They will replace energy from the wind and sun.5. Why does Byrne mention a battery out of a potato?A. To show it is easy to build concrete batteries.B. To argue it is possible to develop concrete batteries.C. To make her statement more interesting.D. To call on people to protect the environment.6. What does the underlined word "bulky" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. HeavyB. CheapC. EfficientD. Small.7. What doesByrne think of concrete batteries?A. They beat today's rechargeable devices.B. They are simple and bulky.C. They have a doubtful future.D. They have a long way to go.CIn the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact（影响）on the environment. After all, you were jumping into your car, driving across town, coughing out emissions（产生排放）and using gas all the way. But now that we're used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a littleproud. After all, we're just picking up our phones and maybe turning on the TV. You're welcome. Mother Nature.Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shift Project. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video", digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Watching a half-hour show would cause 1. 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. That's like driving 6. 28 kilometers. And in the European Union, the Eureca project found that data centers（where videos are stored）there used 25% more energy in 2017 compared to just three years earlier, reports the BBC.Streaming is only expected to increase as webecome more enamored ofour digital devices（设备）and the possibility of enjoying entertainment where and when we want it increases. Online video use is expected to increase by four times from 2017 to 2022 and account for 80% of all Internet traffic by 2022. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there're things you can do to help lessenthe impact of your online use, experts say. For example, according to Lutz Stobbe, a researcher from the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin, we have no need to upload 25 pictures of the same thing to the cloud because it consumes energy every time. If instead you delete a few things here and there, you can save energy. Moreover, it's also a good idea to stream over Wi-Fi, watch on the smallest screen you can, and turn off your Wi-Fi in your home if you're not using your devices.8. What topic is the first paragraph intended to lead in?A. The environmental effects of driving private cars.B. The improvements on environmental awareness.C. The change in the way people seek entertainment.D The environmental impacts of screaming services.9. What does the underlined phrase become more enamored of" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Get more skeptical of.B. Become more aware of.C. Feel much crazier about.D. Get more worried about.10. What can we infer about the use of streaming services?A. It is being reduced to protect the planet.B. Its environmental effects are worsening.C. It is easily available to almost everyone.D. Its side effects have drawn global attention.11. Which of the following is the most environmentally-friendly?A. Watching downloaded movies on a mobile phone.B. Downloading music on a personal computer.C. Uploading a lot of images of the same thing.D. Playing online games over mobile networks.DWe are in lack of enough sleep, according to Arianna Huffington, the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post. And thishas great consequences on our health, our job performance, our relationships and our happiness. What is needed, she ly declares, is nothing short of a sleep revolution. Only by renewing our relationship with sleep can we take back control of our lives.In her bestseller Thrive, Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through wellbeing, wisdom, wonder, and giving. Her discussion of the importance of sleep as a gateway to this more fulfilling way of livingstruck such a powerful chord (弦) that she realized the mystery and transformative power of sleep called for a fuller investigation (调查).The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles, from the history of sleep, to the role of dreams in our lives, to the consequences of sleep deprivation (剥夺), and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of our health — from weight gain, diabetes, and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimer’s.In The Sleep Revolution, Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives. She explores all the latest science on what exactly is going on while we sleep and dream. She decides the dangerous sleeping pill industry, and all the ways of our addiction to technology disturb our sleep. She also offers a range of recommendations and tips from leading scientists on how we can get better and more restorative sleep.In today’s fast-paced, always-connected and sleep-deprived world, our need for a good night’s sleep is more important than ever. The Sleep Revolution both sounds the alarm on our worldwide sleep crisis and provides a detailed road map to the great sleep awakening that can help transform our lives, our communities, and our world.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The importance of sleep.B. The necessity of improving sleep.C. The way to improve our sleep.D. The effect of sleep on health.13. What can be inferred about Arianna’s attitude to success?A. She thinks good sleep is more important.B. She doesn’t think much of becoming successful.C. She thinks it wrong to sacrifice health to success.D. She is concerned about the nature of success.14. What can be said about Arianna’s investigation?A. It is really of great value.B. It is scientific and historical.C. It costs Arianna’s sleep in practice.D. It covers all necessary aspects scientifically,15. What influence does TheSleep Revolution have on society?A. It helps to slow down the pace of modern life.B. It warns people against taking sleeping pills.C. It warns the harm of inadequate sleep of people.D. It helps to stress the value of sleep to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市闵行区2020届高三英语下学期二模考试试题（含解析）考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共 12 页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。

I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A cook. B. A dentist. C. A surgeon. D. A technician .2. A. She ’d like to have the windows open. B. She likes to have the air conditioner on .C. The air is heavily polluted .D. The windows are always open.3. A. Art attraction. B. Painting skills.C. Furniture quality.D. Room decoration.4. A. She appreciates the man’s effort. B. She does enjoy spicy food.C. She is annoyed with the man.D. She doesn’t like the foo d the man prepared .5. A. They can’t fit into the machine. B. They were sent to the wrong stress.C. They haven’t been delivered yet .D. They were found to be of the wrong type .6. A. The long waiting time. B. The broken down computer.C. The mistakes in her telephone bill.D. The bad telephone service.7. A. Its quality. B. Its price C. Its materials D. Its appearance.8. A. Walk in the countryside. B. Do some exercise.C. Go shopping.D. Wash some dresses.9. A. He is going to visit a photo studio. B. He has just had his picture taken.C. He is one the way to the theatre.D. He has just returned from a job interview.10. A. He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.B. He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.C. He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.D. He believes most college students are running wild.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Attend expert growers’ lecture. B. Visit fruit-lovig families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard(果园).D. Taste many kinds of apples.12. A. It is a new variety. B. It is the best variety for eating quality.C. It is rarely seen now.D. It needs perfect soil to grow.13 A. To show how to grow apples. B. To introduce an apple festival .C. To help people select apples.D. To attract more people to visit Britain Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Lack of sleep could lead to heath problem.B. Lack of sleep affects adults more than children.C. Sleeping problems are one of the leading causes of obesity.D. The amount of sleep people need changes with age.15. A. Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescence.B. Ideally, they need 8 hours of sleep a night.C. They may have difficulty in falling asleep before 11:00 pm .D. They always wake up at midnight due to biological changes .16. A. The amount of sleep and academic performance.B. A comparison of different time to start school .C. Students’ sleeping time and social behaviors.D. A beneficial change of school starting time.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Extreme sports . B. City life.C. H uman’s potential.D. Danger and safety.18. A. They like to stay isolated . B. They prefer danger to safety.C. They want to know their potential.D. They are bored with the traditional ones.19. A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Neutral.20. A. It is interesting and challenging . B. It is dangerous and needs no skills.C. It enables people to face fears.D. It only stimulate individualism.II. Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A brief history of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B.C., and by A.D. 500 chopsticks ___1___ (sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings ___2___ cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks ___3___ (develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The ___4___ (early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 B. C. ,crafty chefs figured out ___5___ to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔子 )，___6___ expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“ the h onorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points evoked( 诱发 ) violence ___7___(kill) the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first ___8___ (create) the now-ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black ___9___ it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple of Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice. ___10___ chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match made in heaven. 【答案】1. had swept2. as3. were developed4. earliest5. how6. as7. killing 8. to create9. if/when 10. As/Because/Since【解析】这是一篇说明文。

2020年上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanningis an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BPeople saved a 20-foot orca (虎鲸) that was stuck between rocks on an Alaskan shore by continuously pouring water over it and protecting it from birds who circled above the defenseless whale.The whale was ultimately saved after a six-hour, labor-intensive life-saving operation. Someone spotted the large whale on the Prince of Wales Island near the coast of British Columbia on the morning of July 29th. The Coast Guard was called around 9 a.m. local time. Chance Strickland, the captain of a private yacht in Alaska, and his crew anchored and began life-saving action that were videoed by Aroon Melane and posted on the Internet.Strickland could hear the orca calling out to killer whales swimming in the area. People on other boats stopped with water and buckets to pour water over the animal. “There were tears coming out of its eyes,” Mr. Strickland told the local newspaper. “It was pretty sad.”The group of people formed a chain that passed buckets of seawater back and forth and poured the water on the orca, which seemed to liven it up. It made a noise and raised its tail when it got water.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was called in, which can be seen on the video using a machine to spray amist of seawater on the orca, which doubled as a way to keep the whale cool and scare the large group of birds that were hoping to feast on the beast.Melane said in her video that the orca was stranded (搁浅) for about six hours until the tide came in andswept it back into the ocean. The group efforts of Strickland’s crew and the NOAA saved the 13-year-old killer whale.4. Why did birds circle above the orca?A. They were eager to eat it.B. They wished to protect it.C. They were attracted by the people.D. They wanted to find a place to rest.5. What did Strickland do immediately after finding the whale?A. Posted pictures online.B. Called friends for help.C. Took action to save it.D. Videoed the trapped animal.6. Why did the whale make a noise and raise its tail?A. To express its eager for water.B. To extend its thanks to people.C. To call out to its fellow whales.D. To show its power and sadness.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Killer Whale Got SavedB. The Orca Inspired KindnessC. Combined Efforts WantedD. Animals and Humans UnitedCThe idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a barbershop when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a bored look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by pairing barbershops and books, he might be able to inspire young boys to read.Alvin Irby, a former kindergarten and first-grade teacher, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young boys in particular often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read. “Many young boys may literally never see a man reading in school during the years when they’re learning to read because there are so few male elementary school teachers,” Irby toldMashable.That’s where the barbershops come in. Four years ago, Irby launched Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the hands of young boys, but also to create community reading spaces in a place where kids go frequently. Since itsinceptionin 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states throughout the United States.Irby isn’t the first person to see the connection between barbershops and books and boys. Hair stylist Courtney Holmes, launched a program a few years ago offering free haircuts to kids as long as they read to him while he cuts their hair.That’s the kind of environment that Irby wants to promote with his program. The reading spaces created by Barbershop Books help to spark an interest in books by showing kids that reading is about more than just spelling and vocabulary skills, it’s about making reading a low-stress activity that can help them relax, laugh and have fun.“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading experiences early and often for young boys, then they will choose to read for fun,” Irby noted, adding, “This is really what Barbershop Books is about, getting young boys to say three words: I’m a reader.”8. What happened to Alvin when he was at a barbershop?A. He found it easy for young people to get bored.B. He offered a barbershop to his former student.C. He thought of a way to encourage young readers.D. He realized the importance of reading for young boys.9. What is the function of Barbershop Books?A. To attract more customers who love films.B. To provide free haircuts to book lovers.C. To show the influence of reading on children.D. To create a reading environment fbr children.10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. reading is a low-stress activity that is relaxingB. Barbershop Books is only suitable for young boysC. Irby attaches great importance to school educationD. Barbershop Books can arouse (引起) young people’s interest in reading11. What does the underlined word “inception” in the 3rdparagraph mean?A. discovery.B. success.C. popularity.D. beginning.DLike all cultural institutions, galleries and art fairs are adapting to a new reality.Art Basel Hong Kong, Asia's biggest contemporary-art fair, was cancelled because of covid-19, but anyone he who had planned to visit last week could enjoy an experimental alternative：the viewing room. At the click of a keyboard) you could enter an overall view but private visual salon, without having to brave the airless Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre.There, on one webpage, was Jeff Koons riffing(翻唱)on Botticelli's "Primavera" in a tribute to the history of painting at David Zwirner Gallery. Ota Fine Arts offered one collector the chance to acquire an "infinity(无限)room“, one of the most Instagrammed artworks of recent years- the creation of the fantasies,nonagenarian (九十多岁) Japanese artist, Yayoi Kusama. White Cube presented a large collection of international works by Andreas Gursky (German), Theaster Gates (American) and Beatriz Milhazes (Brazilian). But not every artist, gallery and form showed to equal advantage in this alternative fair. Not surprisingly, simple two-dimensional works in bright colours came across best No sculpture or conceptual art was includedBesides depth and texture, there are aspects of gallery hopping that a website is unlikely to copy. Oneisserendipity—the sense of wandering between artworks and encountering the unexpected. Another is sociability. Art is a communion between artist and viewer, but galleries and fairs are also places to swap opinions and share enthusiasms.Thereare ways to compensate (or these inevitable(不可避免的)disadvantages. As they shut their physical doors, some of the world's nest galleries and museums are offering advanced interactive visits, 360 degree videos and walk around tours of their collections, allwithout queues and high ticket prices. One of the best is laid on by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam；its tour allows visitors to view its Vermeers and Rembrandts, including the magnicent "Night Watch”, far more closely than would normally he possible. Another standout offering is from the Museu de Arte de SPaulo, which has an even broader collection. On its virtual platform, its pain tings, spanning 700 years, appear to be hanging in an open-plan space, seemingly hung on glass panels, or "crystal easels” as the. museum calls them, ideal for close-up inspection,12. From the paragraph 3, we may knowA. "Primavera" was originally painted by JeKoonsB.“innity room” was the most popular artworks of recent years on social mediaC. White Cube displayed a great many works by artists from different nationsD. Various paintings and statues showed on the webpage are well-received13. What does the underlined word "serendipity" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. surpriseB. treasureC. expectationD. compromise14. What is the purpose of writing the last paragraph?A.To introduce some popular art show in the world.B. To show that there are some alternative ways to promote the display during covid-19 epidemic.C. To prove that paintings hung on glass panels can be idealfor close-up inspection,D. To release some information about some extraordinary art shows.15. What is the best title?A. Art beyond the internet.B. Fascinating art.C. Art under covid-19.D. gallery hopping第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市闵行第二中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANew events and changes of junior golf competition calendarNew eventsNotah BegayⅢJunior Golf National ChampionshipWhat does a junior golfer aim to pursue? One thing is to be noticed, ideally by a college coach. A remarkable opportunity will be offered by the Notah BegayⅢJunior Golf National Championship to its participants: an event broadcast by Golf Channel. Players aged between eight and 18 can compete in the new event; information about where and when it will be held will be released later.Barbasol Junior ChampionshipBeginning the career in the PGA Tour is something that a junior golfer tends to dream of. The Barbasol Junior Championship, which is scheduled to take place between June 29 and July 2 at Keene Trace Golf Club inNicholasville,Kentucky, will provide such an opportunity. Boys under 19 years old will qualify for this new 54-hole event, and the winner will be awarded a spot at the PGA Tour's Barbasol Championship in July.Changed eventsThunderbird International JuniorThe dates of the AJGA's Thunderbird International Junior have to be changed since the NCAA Championships move to Grayhawk Golf Club inScottsdale,Arizona, for the next three years. Generally, the Thunderbird is played at the end of May. However, this year it is scheduled on different dates for the first time, from April 9 to 12, which means, of course, that the finish date is on Masters Sunday.Gator InvitationalJunior golf intends to prepare for the following college golf. If this is the case, then it is crucial to simulate the higher-level experience as much as possible. Because of that, the Gator Invitational, as a junior boys' event, has made a significant decision on becoming a 54-hole event by adding a round this year. The new version will be played from March 13 to 15 at The Country Club of Jackson inJackson,Mississippi.1. Which event can be watched on TV?A. Notah BegayⅢJunior Golf National Championship.B. Barbasol Junior Championship.C. Thunderbird International Junior.D. Gator Invitational.2. When will the Thunderbird International Junior be played?A. At the end of May.B. From April 9 to 12.C. Between June 29and July 2.D. From March 13 to 15.3. What has been changed about the Gator Invitational?A. The award given to the winnerB. The place where it is played.C. The required age of the players.D. The number of rounds it has.BOne of the most popular street food found inChinais no doubt the barbecue. A new program, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food cooked over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat is an important part of people’s nightlife.Shown on June 20, the program has had more than 25 million clicks on the video site . To find the most popular barbecue stalls (摊位), the production team travelled to more than 500 locations in 30 cities across the country. Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner, a Japanese TV program telling stories from late night informal Japanese bars.“I’m happy to hear this comparison because Midnight Diner is a good program, and we share the same topic― night food,” Chinese Barbecue’s director Chen Yingjie said. “However, they are quite different.” He said that Midnight Diner focused more on food itself, though there was someconversation while people were eating. However, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively atmosphere. People eating these barbecue snacks develop a feeling of connection, which can be a cure for loneliness.The barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from home-made food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship. The barbecue is where you go to become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather polite, the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship.The world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward the barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth produced by fire. “What we should do is to present the Chinese barbecue just the way it is because with its special ingredients(食材)，ways of cooking and more importantly, the special environment and people, the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do.” said Chen.4. What do we know about Chinese Barbecue?A. It has been becoming very popular on the Internet.B. It is thought highly of by most of the foreign tourists.C. It mainly talks about the most famous Chinese food.D. It shows the color1 ful nightlife in large cities ofChina.5. In which way was Chinese Barbecue different from Midnight Diner?A. It showed more kinds of food.B. It focused more on the diners.C. It showed the eating habits.D. It was less popular than Midnight Diner.6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The importance of the barbecue to family.B. The influence of the barbecue on people’s manners.C. The influence of the barbecue on people’s lifestyle.D. The role of the barbecue in people’s relationship.7. Why did Chen Yingjie choose the barbecue as the topic of the series?A. To show the feature of Chinese food.B. To research a special way of cooking.C. To help the world understandChina.D. To introduce the history of the barbecue.CCigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out,an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.“I was ly surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends weresealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days ata time, especially in the heat.8. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?A They contain little nicotine.B. They produce no nicotine five days later.C. They give off nicotine for days.D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.9. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?A. First-hand smoking does most harm.B. The findings are within his expectation.C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.10. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?A. Unclear.B. Disapproving.C. Unconcerned.D. Puzzled.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful ChemicalsB. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being SmokedC. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ HarmD. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the HeatDPeople saved a 20-foot orca (虎鲸) that was stuck between rocks on an Alaskan shore by continuously pouring water over it and protecting it from birds who circled above the defenseless whale.The whale was ultimately saved after a six-hour, labor-intensive life-saving operation. Someone spotted the large whale on the Prince of Wales Island near the coast of British Columbia on the morning of July 29th. The Coast Guard was called around 9 a.m. local time. Chance Strickland, the captain of a private yacht in Alaska, and his crew anchored and began life-saving action that were videoed by Aroon Melane and posted on the Internet.Strickland could hear the orca calling out to killer whales swimming in the area. People on other boats stopped with water and buckets to pour water over the animal. “There were tears coming out of its eyes,” Mr.Strickland told the local newspaper. “It was pretty sad.”The group of people formed a chain that passed buckets of seawater back and forth and poured the water on the orca, which seemed to liven it up. It made a noise and raised its tail when it got water.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was called in, which can be seen on the video using a machine to spray amist of seawater on the orca, which doubled as a way to keep the whale cool and scare the large group of birds that were hoping to feast on the beast.Melane said in her video that the orca was stranded (搁浅) for about six hours until the tide came in andswept it back into the ocean. The group efforts of Strickland’s crew and the NOAA saved the 13-year-old killer whale.12. Why did birds circle above the orca?A. They were eager to eat it.B. They wished to protect it.C. They were attracted by the people.D. They wanted to find a place to rest.13. What did Strickland do immediately after finding the whale?A. Posted pictures online.B. Called friends for help.C. Took action to save it.D. Videoed the trapped animal.14. Why did the whale make a noise and raise its tail?A. To express its eager for water.B. To extend its thanks to people.C. To call out to its fellow whales.D. To show its power and sadness.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Killer Whale Got SavedB. The Orca Inspired KindnessC. Combined Efforts WantedD. Animals and Humans United第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A brief history of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B．C．, and by A．D．500 chopsticks 1．(sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings 2．cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks 3．(develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The 4．(early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 B．C．,crafty chefs figured out 5．to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔子)，6．expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points ev oked( 诱发) violence 7．(kill) the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first 8．(create) the now-ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black 9．it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another stapleof Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice. 10．chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match made in heaven.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, 11．the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public service that 12．the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly 13．with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 14．with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 15．some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained 16．among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluy 17．that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to 18．his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp 19．describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate 20．Suddenly, the country seeme d a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 21 in the United States.Because of it, many households were forced to 22 their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 23 surroundings At the same time, awareness of the 24 impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on 25 a tourist cap.Staycation appears like a great solution for the 26 above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's 27 and the environment.28 , staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.Apart from the financial 29 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 30 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used;31 , other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored.This allows people's carbon footprints not to 32 as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 33 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no 34 to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time.Given the multiple 35 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.21．A．value B．sector C．crisis D．shares 22．A．restrict B．bear C．avoid D．meet 23．A．cheerful B．immediate C．polluted D．attractive 24．A．limited B．financial C．cultural D．environmental 25．A．introducing B．stopping C．postponing D．raising 26．A．challenges B．assessment C．tasks D．applications 27．A．voyage B．mind C．pocket D．hometown 28．A．In addition B．For example C．In fact D．On the contrary 29．A．services B．advice C．resources D．savings 30．A．emissions B．exposure C．vehicles D．strategies 31．A．therefore B．instead C．however D．moreover 32．A．last B．fall C．increase D．change 33．A．historic B．present C．critical D．climatic 34．A．good B．harm C．blame D．rush 35．A．advantages B．challenges C．platforms D．themesBrooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul, Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a d og treat device the owner can remotely activate.One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ―so the kids don’t get bu ried in data.she said.36．Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A．“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.B．A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.C．A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.D．A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.37．“iCPooch”calms pet dogs by ________.A．allowing video chatB．making dogs sleepC．answering the callD．giving them food38．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”A．competitor B．assistant C．instructor D．companion 39．What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A．They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B．They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C．They cope with the problems related to computers.D．They are all accomplished through individual work.This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen, the euro,and the dollar...stop reading.Because this is a story aboutthe sliver coin EVERYBODY wants.You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest high-grade coins.That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h)．Timing is EverythingOur advice? Keep this to yourself.Because the more people who know about this offer, the worse it is for you.Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice.Supplies are limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late.Offer Limited to 40 per household2012 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 1-4 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h5-9 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h10-19 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h20-40 Coins $37.45 each＋s/hNote：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day1-888-201-7143Offer Code(代码) ASE177-04Please mention this code when you call.New York Mint14101 Southcross Drive W．，Dept.ASE177-04Burnsville, Minnesota 5533740．What is stressed in the ad?A．The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.B．The coin can be circulated as a currency.C．Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.D．Demand for the coin is bound to break records.41．If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________. A．$230.7 B．$233.7 C．$240.7 D．$243.7 42．The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________. A．shopping onlineB．making a phone callC．lining up in front of the storesD．writing to the companyThe dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so-called “passenger drones(无人机)”—self-flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which could shrink commute(上下班往返) times from hours to minutes.At first glance, human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars. Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way. Yet a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developingTransition, a “roadable aircraft” that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads. A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however, as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s license and take to the skies.Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the “roadable” part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist. Passenger drone designs favor “distributed electric propulsion(推进),” meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor. This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate. Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long.With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them. Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local news channel’s traffic helicopter. Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough, but even the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher. Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo(货物)runs, and adoptin g a “mixed mode” approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots.Technical challenges aside, start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car. Passenger drone makers are “obviously still in the incubation(孵化) stages of technology development and improving the basics,” says Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society International. “But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close quarters where ground transportation i s gridlocked.”The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap. Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing, analysis, regulation and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportationoption. “There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time,” he says.43．Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because______.A．people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.B．people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.C．people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.D．it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.44．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?A．It can lift more weight. B．It is lighter in weight.C．It makes less noise. D．It is simpler in mechanical design. 45．What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?A．disapproving B．neutralC．skeptical D．cautiously optimistic46．We can learn from the passage that ______.A．artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.B．human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.C．the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.D．the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can identify with the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives . 47．However , there is a negative side to boxing . 48．Although boxers wear gloves duringthe fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. 49．Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it.50．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like competitive sports , and so do I , but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.A．Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .B．I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing .C．In my personal opinion, boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try. D．Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.E.Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxingF.It is likely to threaten personal safety of people.51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch t een smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D．V olkow, M.D．“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D．, the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52．在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗。

2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷Listening Comprehension Section ADirections： In Section A， you will hear tenshort conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．(★★★★★)A． A cook．B． A dentist．C． A surgeon．D． A technician．2．(★★★★★)A． She'd like to have the windows open．B． She likes to have the air conditioner on．C． The air is heavily polluted．D． The windows are always open．3．(★★★★★)A． Art attraction．B． Painting skills．C． Furniture quality．D． Room decoration．4．(★★★★★)A． She appreciates the man's effort．B． She does enjoy spicy food．C． She is annoyed with the man．D． She doesn't like the food the man prepared．5．(★★★★★)A． They can't fit into the machine．B． They were sent to the wrong stress．C． They haven't been delivered yet．D． They were found to be of the wrong type．6．(★★)A． The long waiting time．B． The broken down computer．C． The mistakes in her telephone bill．D． The bad telephone service．7．(★★★★★)A． Its quality．B． Its price．C． Its materials．D． Its appearance．8．(★★★★★)A． Walk in the countryside．B． Do some exercise．C． Go shopping．D． Wash some dresses．9．(★★★★★)A． He is going to visit a photo studio．B． He has just had his picture taken．C． He is one the way to the theatre．D． He has just returned from a job interview．10．(★★★★★)A．He doesn't want Jenny to get into trouble．B．He doesn't agree with the woman's remark．C．He thinks Jenny's workload too heavy at college．D．He believes most collegestudents are running wild．Section BDirections： In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．(★★★★★)（1）A． Attend expert growers' lecture．B． Visit fruit-lovig families．C． Plant fruit trees in an orchard（果园）．D． Taste many kinds of apples．（2）A． It is a new variety．B． It is the best variety for eating quality．C． It is rarely seen now．D． It needs perfect soil to grow．（3）A． To show how to grow apples．B． To introduce an apple festival．C． To help people select apples．D． To attract more people to visit Britain12．(★★★★★)（1）A． Lack of sleep could lead to heath problem．B．Lack of sleep affects adults more than children．C．Sleeping problems are one of the leading causes of obesity．D．The amount of sleep people need changes with age．（2）A． Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescence．B．Ideally， they need 8 hours of sleep a night．C．They may have difficulty in falling asleep before 11：00 pm．D．They always wake up at midnight due to biological changes．（3）A． The amount of sleep and academic performance．B．A comparison of different time to start school．C．Students' sleeping time and social behaviors．D．A beneficial change of school starting time．13．(★★★★★)（1）A． Extreme sports．B． City life．C． Human's potential．D． Danger and safety．（2）A． They like to stay isolated．B． They prefer danger to safety．C． They want to know their potential．D． They are bored with the traditional ones．（3）A． Objective．B． Negative．C． Positive．D． Neutral．（4）A． It is interesting and challenging．B． It is dangerous and needs no skills．C． It enables people to face fears．D． It only stimulate individualism．Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.14．(★★★)A brief history of Chopsticks．We've discussed the story of knife and fork， but there's another set ofutensils（器皿） used by billions of people around the world-and it has a truly ancient past． The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B．C．，and by A．D． 500 chopsticks（1） had swept （sweep） the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan． From their humble beginnings（2） as cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter， there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye．Chopsticks（3） were developed （develop） about 5000 years ago in China． The（4） earliest （early） versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots． When resources became scare， around 400 B． C．，crafty chefs figured out（5） how to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel， and besides， it could be cooked more quickly． This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table-a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius （孔子），（6） as expressed in one of his numerous quotations："the honorableand upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse（屠宰房） and the kitchen． And he allows no knives on his table．" As a vegetarian， he believedthat knives' sharp points evoked（诱发） violence（7） killing （kill） the happy， contented mood that should reign during meals． Thanks in part to his teachings， chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia．Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles． Perhaps in a nod to Confucius， Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end． In Japan，chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women． In 1878 the Japanese became the first（8） to create （create） the now-ubiquitous disposable set， typically made of bamboo or wood． Wealthy diners could eat with ivory， jade， coral， brass or agate versions， while the most privileged used silver sets． It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black（9）if/when it came into contact with poisoned food．Throughout history， chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple of Asian cuisine： rice． At first glance， you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut， but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety． The starches（淀粉质食品） in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy， unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice．（10） As chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice， it's a match made in heaven．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．(★★★) The "Penny Black"， the first postage stamp issued in Britain and，more importantly， the first postage stamp issued anywhere，（1） B the image of Queen Victoria， but the first British postal service didn't originate inVictoria England． In 1860， William Dockwra started a public service that（2）F the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London． His system was quickly（3）J with Dockwra in charge． It was far from a perfect system，（4） C with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send aletter． Worse still， recipients were expected to pay． As you might imagine，this（5） G some problems-either people weren't home or flat-out refused to pay． The system just didn't work， but it remained in place for far too long．About 50 years later， to do better， Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny，which would be paid by the sender． When the post office ignored Hill's ideas， he self-published his essay and it quickly gained（6） K among the public． Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ，during their subsequent meetings， the two men conceived of a gluy（7） A that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment． Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family， officials were still not convinced． Thankfully， Hill was far from alonein his passion for reform． He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to（8） E his system．In 1839， Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility． The winning stamp（9） I describing the young queen's profile came from oneWilliam Wyon， who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his firstvisit to London．The "Penny Black" stamp went on sale on May 1， 1840． It was an immediate（10）H ． Suddenly， the country seemed a lot smaller． The penny black's design wasso well received that it remained in use for forty year．A． label B． bears C． burdened D． illustrates E． implements F． guaranteed G． presented H． hit I． entry J． nationalized K． groundReading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank withthe word or phrase that best fits the context.16．(★★★★)The term "staycation" means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place． It is is closely connected with less pollution， saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorderthat takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas．The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market（1） Cin the United States．Because of it， many households were forced to（2） Atheir expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget． The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to （re）discover their most（3） C surroundings．At the same time， awareness of the（4） D impacts of tourism， especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation， started to increase too． And so did the perception that some of the main cities （abroad） are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona， Venice， or the Seychelles planning on（5） A a tourist cap．Staycation appears like a great solution for the（6） A above mentioned． It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's（7）C and the environment．（8） C ， staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport．Apart from the financial（9） D gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap， staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful（10） A in the ground． Cars， boats， and planes are not （or are less） used；（11） B ， other means of transport such as public transport， bicycles， electric scooters or just walking are favored．This allows people's carbon footprints not to（12） C as much as theywould if long distances had been traveled．A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend． Slow tourism invites you to live in the（13） Bmoment． It encourages you to take your time， discover nearby landscapes，reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy． There are no fully-booked days， and there is no（14） D to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time．Given the multiple（15） A of local tourism， you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year．（1）A． value B． sector C． crisis D． shares（2）A． restrict B． bear C． avoid D． meet（3）A． cheerful B． immediate C． polluted D． attractive（4）A． limited B． financial C． cultural D． environmental （5）A． introducing B． stopping C． postponing D． raising（6）A． challenges B． assessment C． tasks D． applications （7）A． voyage B． mind C． pocket D． hometown（8）A． In addition B． For example C． In fact D． On the contrary （9）A． services B． advice C． resources D． savings（10）A． emissions B． exposure C． vehicles D． strategies（11）A． therefore B． instead C． however D． moreover（12）A． last B． fall C． increase D． change（13）A． historic B． present C． critical D． climatic（14）A． good B． harm C． blame D． rush（15）A． advantages B． challenges C． platforms D． themesSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．(★★★)Brooke Martin's golden retriever（金毛猎犬） Kayla hated being left alone or separated． She would howl， pace， and chew on things． Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets． She wondered： -What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone？Working with her father in their garage， the 16-year-old came up with several ideas． Finally， she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch． -The dog doesn't have to answer the call，explains Brooke． -It comes up immediately on the screen on their end． It's a two-way audio and video-you can see and hear each other．With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students． These finalists， selected based on their short video presentations， are working with [mentors] over the summer before heading to the final competition in St． Paul， Minn．After Martin's video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education3M Young Scientist Challenge， she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson， a product development scientist in 3M's consumer health care division． -I just lead her down the product development path，Langer-Anderson told Live Science． Thispath includes guidance on how to test the potential product， which combines avideo chat device that answers immediately on the dog's end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate．"One thing I have thought about a lot is， what happens if while the device is on the floor， what if your dog knocks it over， or scratches the screen？" Martin said． She and Langer-Anderson discussed this， and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws．The finalists create models they can test， with the guidance from amentor． Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass intoelectricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling． Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method， testing their hypothesis， in a determined way， -so the kids don't get buried indata． she said．（1）Which of the following would be the best title of the passage？ D A．"iCPooch" wins in a young scientist competition．B．A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger．C．A man-made device lets people chat with their pets．D．A kid-invented device calm dogs' separation anxiety．（2）"iCPooch" calms pet dogs by A ．A． allowing video chatB． making dogs sleepC． answering the callD． giving them food（3）What is the probable meaning of the underlined word "mentor" C ．A． competitorsB． assistantsC． instructorsD． companions（4）What do the inventions of the finalists have in common？ BA．They are all new inventions dealing with pets．B．They are possible solutions to everyday problems．C．They cope with the problems related to computers．D．They are all accomplished through individual work．18．(★★★) （1）To promote the Sliver Eagles coin， what is stressed in the ad？AA．The coin is of high quality and worth collecting．B．The coin can be circulated as a currency．C．Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin．D．Demand for the coin is bound to break records．（2）If you buy six 2012 U． S． Mint Silver Eagles by post， you should pay atleast C ．A．230.7B．233.7C．240.7D．243.7（3）The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by B ．A．shopping onlineB．making a phone callC．lining up in front of the storesD．writing to the companyThis is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen， the euro， and the dollar…stop reading．Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants．You read the headlines． You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster （ ride． But millions have found a smarter way tobuild long-term value with high-grade collectable silver． And right now， those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U． S． Mint Silver Eagles，America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars． Today， you can graduate to the front ofthat line． Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollarsfor only ﹩38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing （发行） this silver dollar for such a remarkable price？Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied 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day1-888-201-7143Offer Code （代码） ASE177-04[Please mention this code when you call．]New York Mint 14101Southcross Drive W．，Dept． ASE177-04Burnsville， Minnesota 55337www． NewYorkMint． Com19．(★★★)The dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so-called "passenger drones （无人机）"-self-flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters aroundtown-which could shrink commute（上下班往返） times from hours to minutes．At first glance， human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars． Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles andaircraft in a practical way． Yet a few companies have kept at it： Woburn， for example， has since 2006 been developing Transition， a "roadable aircraft" that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads． A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell， however， as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot's license and take to the skies．Passenger drones， by contrast， would operate autonomously and leave the "roadable" part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist． Passenger drone designs favor "distributed electric propulsion（推进），" meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own， smaller motor． This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight-factors that could make them cheaper to operate． Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents， although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift， and for how long．With any of these vehicles， safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them． Advanced artificialintelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or， say， the local news channel's traffichelicopter． Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough， but even the best AI struggles with surprises： What， for example， would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable？ asks Sanjiv Singh， a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher． Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones， he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo（货物）runs，and adopting a "mixed mode" approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots．Technical challenges aside， start-ups promoting the technology will have tofind a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl， something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car． Passenger drone makers are "obviously still in the incubation（孵化）stages of technology development and improving the basics，" says Mike Hirschberg，executive director of the American Helicopter Society International． "But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage ofthe third dimension and have much more mobility， especially in urban closequarters where ground transportation is gridlocked．"The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap． Carnegie Mellon's Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing，analysis， regulation and efforts to win the public's trust before the technology becomes a viable transportation option． "There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time，" he says．（1）Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because C ．A．people don't have the courage to take the cars to the air．B．people are unwilling to train for a pilot's license．C．people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely．D．it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together．（2）Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones？ AA． It can lift more weight．B． It is lighter in weight．C． It makes less noise．D． It is simpler in mechanical design．（3）What is Hirschberg's attitude towards passenger drones？ DA． disapprovingB． neutralC． skepticalD． cautiously optimistic（4）We can learn from the passage that D ．A．artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic．B．human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers．C．the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future．D．the public's distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones．Section CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．(★★★)Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by． Newspapers， magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches． Professional boxers earn a lot of money， and successful boxers are treated as big heroes．It seems to me that people， especially men ，find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport． When they watch a boxing match， they can identify with the winning boxer， and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves． It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time， but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives．（1） AHowever， there is a negative side to boxing．（2） F Although boxers wear gloves during the fights， and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets，there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing，sometimes with dramatic consequences． Boxers have suffered from head injuries，and occasionally， fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring．（3） E Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out，he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it．（4） B I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV， and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society． I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course， people like competitive sports， and so do I ， but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport．A．Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression．B．I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing．C．In my personal opinion， boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try．D．Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts．E．Furthermore， studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing．F．It is likely to threaten personal safety of people．Summary Writing21．(★★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth gradeare more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year， according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health． Electronic cigarettes， or e-cigarettes， deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in．As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles， the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes， but not any other tobacco products， and 2，308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade． The 2，530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12months． Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products．During the first six months after being surveyed， 30.7 percent of those whohad used e- cigarettes started using tobacco products， such as cigarettes， and cigars， compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes． Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade，25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products， compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers．"While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years， this study confirms thatwe should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns，" said NIDA DirectorNora D． Volkow， M．D． "Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes， they do carry a risk of addiction．""Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco，" said Adam M． Leventhal， Ph．D．， the first author on the study． "While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking， this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness．"Translation第12页共15页Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the第13页共15页上海初高中英语整理微信公众号：Shanghai_Englishbrackets.22．(★★★)在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗．（it） It is not clear/remains unknown/ remains to be seen whether on-line classes can meet the demands of students of different levels．23．(★★★)在抗击病毒的斗争中，中国会给予受到感染的国家尽可能多的帮助．（offer）China will offer as much assistance as possible to the countries infected （withthe disease） in the battle against virus．24．(★★★)极目远眺，山外有山，令人赞叹不已．（view） If you look around inthe distance， you will enjoy the fantastic view of mountains beyond mountains，。

2020届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.According to a study published in the pre-print website bioRxiv, a team of Israeli scientists recorded tomato and tobacco plants producing, sound frequencies which humans cannot hear in stressful situations—such as when they experienced a lack of water or their stems were cut. The team identified the sounds with microphones placed around 10 centimeters （around four inches）away from the plants, though the scientists say the noises could potentially be heard several feet away by some mammals and insects, such as mice.Plants exposed to drought stress have been shown to experience cavitation（空化现象）—a process where air bubbles（气泡）form, expand and explode inside tissue that transports water. These explosions produce sound, but they have only ever been recorded using devices directly connected to the plants. The latest study, meanwhile, is the first to identify plants making sounds which can be detected over a distance. And the researchers say that cavitation could potentially be the source of these sounds.The team detected the tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour on average when they were exposed to drought conditions, while the tobacco plants produced 11. When the stems of the plants were cut, the tomato plants made 25 sounds an hour on average and the tobacco plants produced 15. As a comparison, unstressed plants made less than one sound per hour on average, according to the study.The team say that while they only tested tomato and tobacco, it's possible that other plants could also produce sounds, adding that the latest findings could have implications for agriculture. "Plant sound emissions could offer a novel way for monitoring crops' water state—a question of vital importance in agriculture," the authors wrote in the study. "More precise irrigation can save up to 50 percent of the water consumption and increase the output, with dramatic economic implications.""According to Anne Visscher from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the U.K., the idea that the sounds could be used in precision agriculture is 'practical' though she urges caution regarding the Israeli team's suggestion that other animals could hear the sounds at a distance," New Scientist reported.（1）What do the Israeli scientists find about plants?A Stressed plants tend to lack water.B Some plants can understand humans' sounds.C Stressed plants can make more frequent sounds.D Some mammals and insects can communicate with plants.（2）What can we learn about cavitation?A It may contribute to the plants' sounds.B It may lead to plants experiencing drought.C It is determined by the number of air bubbles.D It was identified and recorded for the first time.（3）How many sounds do the tomato plants make per hour on average when cut?A 11.B 15.C 25.D 35.（4）What's Anne Visscher's attitude to applying the study to agriculture?A Supportive.B Cautious.C Reserved.D Opposed.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Italians find "Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety"It started with the national anthem．Then came the piano chords，trumpet blasts，violin serenades（小夜曲）and even the clanging of pots and pans﹣﹣all of it（1）_______from people's homes，out of windows and from balconies，and resounding across rooftops．Finally，on Saturday afternoon，a nationwide（2）_______of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe's worst coronavirus outbreak．Italians remain（3）_______under house arrest as the nation，the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus，has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection．But the music and noise erupting over the streets，from people（4）_______in their homes，reflects the spirit，resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War．To the extent that this is a virus that tries people's souls，it has also demonstrated the（5）_______of those national characters．In China，patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring（6）_______needed food to the people of Wuhan， the epicenter of the outbreak．In Iran，videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep（7）_______up．And in Italy，the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country's empty streets，while social media feeds fill with（8）_______，sentimental and humorous web videos．Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised（使受瘀伤）from tightly （9）_______masks have also spread across the web in recent days．Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title "It will all be OK．""We're Italians，and loving singing is part of our culture，" said Giorgio Albertini，51，an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan，calling it a way "to feel a community，and to have the（10）_______grief．"三、完形填空3. Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has _______ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.This is _______ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to _______ happiness, people should "build a life that requires _______ decisions by surrounding themselves withpeople who possess traits they prefer.On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea _______: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of _______ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. _______ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he _______ his decision to his dining partner—which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.While it’s _______ what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ________ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设): If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a ________. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, ________ you introduce more choices.When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ________. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly ________ brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices ________ that ability out.（1）A relievedB releasedC eliminatedD liberated（2）A influencedB inheritedC implementedD informed（3）A maximizeB balanceC cherishD seek（4）A saferB fewerC betterD sounder（5）A stands outB comes into forceC makes senseD plays a part（6）A distinguishedB trustedC authorizedD honored（7）A in addition toB instead ofC in spite ofD regardless of（8）A conveysB relatesC submitsD limits（9）A evidentB unclearC criticalD inevitable（10）A confusingB inspiringC worryingD appealing（11）A stressorB no-brainerC challengeD headache（12）A afterB beforeC whenD until（13）A preferenceB struggleC statusD direction（14）A impressiveB insignificantC uniqueD distinct（15）A crowdB figureC sortD put四、阅读选择4. One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover（盘旋）and zip through your yard and dive﹣bomb your picnic table．While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me．A honeybee has about six weeks to live．Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw﹣like tongue into a hundred or so flowers．When the bee has had her fill, she'll fly home．There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co﹣workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb．Then she and her 50, 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture．Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax．In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one﹣twelfth of a tea spoon of me．The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond．If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure．Literally﹣﹣I never go bad．Unfortunately, my good health is not guaranteed．The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weatherpatterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit．I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild．My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much﹣﹣to you, to me ﹣﹣without ever asking for anything in return．（1）What does "me" refer to in the passage？________A The flower．B The bee．C Water．D Honey．．（2）What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about？________A Bees' special talent．B Bees' hard work．C Bees' livingenvironment． D Bees' social behavior．．（3）Which one of the following is true according to the passage？________A A bee will always prioritize attacking picnic lovers．B Before "me" is sealed off in beeswax，the drying process can take a few nights．C The lifework of a bee satisfies the average demand of an American consumer annually．D Bees are more likely to visit those deliberately pest﹣controlled gardens．．（4）What is the purpose of the passage？________A To appeal for help for honeybees．B To talk about the history of atreasure． C To put forward techniques for gardeners． D To argue against the control of chemicals．5.Get Your Unlimited Card at Cineworld CinemasEnjoy Unlimited FilmsWatch all the films you want at any Cineworld for just one monthly price．Being an Unlimited card holder gives you access to all the 2D films you can handle for one monthly price．Watch what you want，when you want，as many times as you want．Plus，save money when watching films in 3D and others．After you've been with us for more than I year we'll upgrade you to a Premium Card and you'll get into 3D films completely free too! Start enjoying today by using a temporary pass while you wait for your card to arrive in the post．Save On Snacks And DrinksGet 10% off all in﹣cinema food and drink．Plus get 10% off at Cineworld Starbucks licensed stores．First year card holders get 10% off， whilst Premium card holders get 25% off Cineworld's in﹣cinema food and drinks including，all drinks，popcorn，nachos，hotdogs， ice cream，pick a mix and much more．Plus all card holders get 10% discounts at Cineworld Starbucks licensed stores．All you need to do is show your card at the counter and your discount will be applied．Recommend A FriendUnlimited members can get free months of membership when they recommend Unlimited to their friends!Recommend Unlimited to your friends and we'll give you free months of membership to say thank you．For every friend that signs up using your unique Recommend a Friend code youwill both receive one month's free membership once they have been an active Unlimited member for 90 days．The free month will be automatically added to the end of your current subscription．You can earn a maximum of 12 Free Months with your Recommend a Friend code，so recommend Unlimited to 12 friends and you could get a full year of free Unlimited cinema!（1）The cinema names its membership card "Unlimited" because________．A．one can have the benefits for good upon joining the membershipB．Cineworld members can enjoy as many 2D and 3D films as they like for freeC．it frees a member from any regular payment to the movie tickets at Cineworld D．card holders can share limitless discounts and offers with friends and relatives（2）Which of the statement is TRUE according to the passage？________A．The benefits above are not available until the card is delivered．B．Premium card holders can have 25% off at a licensed Starbucks．C．Whoever persuades 6 friends into Unlimited can enjoy a half year of free membership．D．A second year of investment is worthwhile if you are a cinema goer．（3）This passage is probably written to________．A．secure the loyalty of potential customersB．introduce the latest movies and discountsC．promote the popularity of Cineworld cinemasD．give away movie cards to readers for free6. A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole．The hole, which has been tracked from space and the ground over the past few days, has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south．If it extends further south overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people would be at increased risk of sunburn． However, on current trends thehole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks．Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex（极地漩涡）, and the presence of ozone﹣destroying chemicals such as chlorine（氯）in the atmosphere﹣from human activities﹣ caused the hole to form．"The hole is principally a geophysical curiosity, " said Vincent﹣Henri Peuch, director ofthe Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service．"We monitored unusual dynamic（动态的）conditions, which drive the process of chemical ________ of ozone．Those dynamics allowedfor lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic, which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric（平流层的）clouds and the catalytic（催化的）destruction of ozone．"The hole is not related to the Covid﹣19 shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions．It is also too early to say whether the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability．Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis．Temperatures in the region are already increasing, slowing the depletion of ozone, and the hole will start to recover as polar air mixes with ozone﹣rich air from lower latitudes．The last time similar conditions were observed was in spring 2011．While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer overthe Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades．The production of ozone﹣depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol（蒙特利尔协议）, but some sources appear still to be functioning﹣﹣in 2018, unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas．New sources of ozone﹣depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic, said Peuch．"However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoid a situation where the ozone﹣destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again．"（1）What is the possible meaning of the underlined word "depletion"？________A replacementB consumptionC increaseD production．（2）According to the passage，scientists are concerned about the hole because________．A it is expected to be a threat to the mankindB the new hole is caused by air pollution and greenhouse gas emissionsC it may encourage further scientific research and environmental awarenessD it warns us of an oncoming climate crisis．（3）What can be learned from the last two paragraphs？________A The hole over the Arctic shares the same causes as the one over theAntarctic． B Human activities are highly responsible for producing ozone﹣destroying chemicals． C The Montreal Protocol has successfully prevented newemissions． D Some new illegal emissions are to blame for the hole over the Arctic．．（4）The best title for the passage is probably________．A Record﹣size Hole Opens in Ozone Layer above the ArcticB Actions Urgently Needed for a New Hole in Ozone LayerC Environmental Disaster and International CooperationD How a Hole in Ozone Affects our Life on Earth．五、六选四7. People like to post their selfies （自拍照） on social media． To know more aboutit, scientists at Syracuse University in New York recently did a research and came up with some surprising findings．People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to narcissism （自恋）, the researchers said． Makana Chock, a professor from Syracuse University, said because social media is mostly used by people to share unimportant information about their lives, it is a good place for people to "work towards satisfying their own ________．" Those "likes" under their Facebook selfies make them feel good．Besides, people who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group, the research found． Some people feel "peer（同伴）pressure" to post selfies and some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience, it did not really happen． "Anyway, it shouldn't be seen as negative． People get sense of satisfaction especially when they get likes． And it does no harm, " Chock said．Other findings from the study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software． But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women who posted selfies．Chock said posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years． On trips and special events, our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos． They would bring back photos to show friends and family． You had no choice but to look at them． You probably commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especially children and the person showing the photos． They were happy to hear your comments． That was the old way of "clicking like"． On social media, however, people can decide not to look at photos ﹣﹣﹣ even if they click "like"．（1）What is the research mainly about？________A The ways of making people look better in selfies．B The reasons for people posting selfies on social media．C The differences between men and women in posting selfies．D The connections between posting selfies and mental health．．（2）What does the underlined word "vanity" in paragraph 2 probably mean？________A A deep desire to know about something．B A special need to be more popular．C Too much pride in one's own appearance．D Strong determination to improve oneself．．（3）What is Chock's attitude towards selfie posting？________A Ambiguous．B Cautious．C Disapproving．D Supportive．．（4）From the last paragraph， we know that the older generations showed their photos to friends and family________．A to win praise from viewersB to show off their camerasC to improve relationshipsD to share good moments．六、概要写作8. Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．It's natural to feel the need to control something when everything around you feels out of control，and you feel helpless．When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak，she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor．She told me，"My floor wasn't even dirty，but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power，despite the desperate circumstances．"Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is your perspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away．Your perspective can victimize or empower you．When you look for the upside in a downside situation and figure out whatyou can control and what you can't，it's easier to accept whatever is beyond your control．七、汉译英9. Translation. 英汉互译。

【附20套高考模拟试题】2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷第一部分（共20小题每，小题1.5分，满分30分）1．—Helen is going to Manchester for further education next month.—I’m ______ because I have to stay at home and work.A．green with envy B．white as a sheetC．tickled pink D．black and blue2．The y oung man who was expected to ________ his father’s company, made an unusual decision that he would start his own business.A．hand over B．think overC．go over D．take over3．The post office is closed ______ Saturday afternoon.A．on B．in C．of D．at4．My teacher asked me to copy _____ article _____ second time．A．an; the B．an; a C．the; a D．the; the5．Fred let ________ that he was prepared to leave company when the new manager took office. A．secret B．slip C．promise D．standard6．_______ it is so hot, I guess we can’t do anything until after dark.A．In case B．Now that C．Even if D．As though7．Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, _____has been predicted, is fruitful.A．what B．whichC．as D．that8．The businessman studied the market in his hometown to find the____ for investment.A．potential B．reservation C．criterion D．allowance9．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友）from home and abroad.A．Attend B．T o attend C．Attending D．Having attended 10．John lives ________. He has a very small budget and little money to spend on clothes.A．in the black B．on a shoestringC．over the moon D．at the drop of a hat11．________ they choose Chinese company is that China has the most advanced technology of high speed railway in the world.A．When B．ThatC．Where D．Why12．________ to her own work，she spent little time with her familyA．Devoting B．T o be devotedC．Devoted D．Having devoted13．The police have anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.A．appealed to B．attended toC．responded to D．attached to14．The petrol in the car _____ on our way to the beach, so we had to walk there.A．gave up B．gave off C．gave in D．gave out15．—Mum, do you mind if I invite some friends to my birthday party?—______. It will be more interesting.A．By no means B．Yes, of courseC．Don’t worry D．No doubt.16．—You all like your English teacher?—Yeah, she devotes herself____ to teaching and it earns her a good reputation．A．originally B．extremely C．obviously D．entirely17．So difficult____it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A．I did find B．didI findC．I have found D．have I found18．The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market. A．it B．whichC．that D．what19．－prlfessor, do you have something at this moment?－No,thanks.I'llcall you if there is any.A．typing B．typed C．to type D．to be typed20．Your donation greatly appreciated and the money will be used to help the students from poor families.A．has been B．isC．was D．had been第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

闵行区2020学年第二学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2020.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will heal' ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the .four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Next Saturday. B. Next Tuesday. C. Next Friday. D. Next Sunday.2. A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a bank. D. In a post office.3. A. A manager and a customer. B. An employer and an employee.C. A professor and a student.D. An examiner and an examinee.4. A. Tim's excellent performance. B. Tim's assignment.C. Tim's graduation day.D. Tim's study habits.5. A. To a hotel. B. To a restaurant.C. To a training class.D. To the train station.6. A. An artist. B. A painter. C. A journalist. D. An architect.7. A. To quit basketball.B. To go on playing basketball in spite of the failure.C. To give the reason for giving up basketball.D. To take part in another game.8. A. They are looking for an apartment. B. The man does not like his bedroom.C. The woman enjoys shopping for clothes.D. They have just moved into an apartment.9. A. She will decide later. B. She doesn't care for either.C. She doesn't want to go out.D. She wants the man to decide.10. A. Her car is close-by. B. She lives far away.C. She has a new car.D. She wants the man to walk with her.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paperand decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International.B. She described some popular singers.C. She introduced the radio program to listeners.D. She played a new record.12. A. About the Big Hits. B. The History of Pop.C. The Road to Music.D. Pop Words.13. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters.B. To provide the background with music.C. To help to understand the words to the big music hits.D. To hear from listeners' opinions on music.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They want to learn the basics of English.B. They benefit from learning general English skills.C. They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.D. They know clearly what they want to learn.15. A. Doctors. B. Businessmen. C. Reporters. D. Lawyers.16. A. Three groups of learners.B. The importance of business English.C. English for Specific Purposes.D. Features of English for different purposes.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information .you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.How long have the Kramers been on vacation? For a (17)_______Who did David invite for the dinner? Some of the Kramers' friends and (18) _______ Why does David want to have the dinner party? To thank the Kramers for their (19) _______ What does Nancy think of David? He is (20). _______Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What job does the woman suggest to the man? (21) _______What did Boris do for Mr. Alexander? (22) _______Where can the man ask for help according to the woman? The (23) _______What else does the applicant have to do besides filling out an application form?(24) _______ and provide three references.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences' there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. This kind of mistake, strange as it appears, is quite common ______young English beginners.A. withinB. aboutC. amongD. beyond26. -- May I smoke here?-- If you____, that's the smoking section over there.A. shouldB. mustC. mayD. could27. The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ tostrike this area.A. expectsB. is expectedC. has expectedD. will be expected28. Several measures had been tried out to improve the traffic situation, yet ______of them seemed to work well.A. noneB. bothC. allD. either29. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world.A. the most healthyB. more healthy aC. much a healthyD. a more healthy30. We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely workout well.A. carrying outB. being carried outC. carried outD. to be carried out31. Don't answer any e-mails ______ your private information, however official they look.A. requestingB. to requestC. requestedD. having requested32. The man denied______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. having stolenD. to steal33. What people learned from China Got Talented was that there were so many talentedpeople out there waiting ______A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered34. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn'tobey them?A. whyB. asC. whereD. which35. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school dating the day,______ accompanied by an adult.A. onceB. whenC. ifD. unless36. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how37. When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more teachers are under great pressure.A. whichB. sinceC. whetherD. that38. I'm puzzled why he ______ back to me. He should have heard from me.A. hasn't writtenB. didn't writeC. doesn't writeD. hasn't been writing39. You'd like to have an annual vacation after the project is completed, ______?A. had youB. hadn't youC. would youD. wouldn't you40. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes.A. had the cityB. has the cityC. the city hasD. the city hadSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canHistorically, the traditional role of women of all classes in Britain had been confined (限制) to that of mother in the home. Single and childless women 41 had an uncomfortable and difficult time. The majority of women had no voting or political rights until 1928, and for centuries wives and their property had been the legal _ 42 of their husbands. Formal education for women was thought to be unnecessary for their role in life, and was 43 for the majority.The female position in society became a little better in some respects towards the end of the nineteenth century, but was still very 44 . However, elementary education for all was established and a few institutions of higher education began to 45 women in restricted numbers.Since the 1960's, women in Britain have been fighting for greater equality with men in job 46 and rates of pay. Various laws from the 1970's to the present have been made. In spite of all these, men remain' better paid than women in many occupations, 47 in industry. Women constitute (构成) nearly half the national workforce, there are more employed married women in Britain than in any other European Community country, and some 60 percent of wives are now 48 compared with 22 percent in 1951. But their average weekly wage is still only 70 percent of the average paid to men. This is true of both the manufacturing trades and the service industries. As a result, the majority of female workers are badly paid and often 49 by the trade unions or the law.III. Reading comprehension:Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What's more, the firms that "slowed down to 54 "improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what "slower" and "faster" mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, forexample, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about 62 Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fait B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A, welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B, stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularlySection BDirections: Read the .following three passages. Each passage is .followed by several questions or un. finished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage youhave just read.(A)This book is designed to help you improve your reading comprehension skills by studying 20 minutes a day for 20 days. You'll start with the basics and move on to more complex reading comprehension and critical thinking strategies. Please note that although each chapter can be an effective skill builder on its own, it is important that you proceed through this book in order, from Lesson I through Lesson 20. Each lesson builds on skills and ideas discussed in the previous chapters. As you move through this book and your reading skills develop, the passages you read will increase both in length and in complexity.The book begins with a pretest, which will allow you to see how well you can answer various kinds of reading comprehension questions now, as you begin. When you finish the book, take the posttest to see how much you've improved.The text is divided into four sections, each focusing on a different group of related reading and thinking strategies. These strategies will be outlined at the beginning of each section and then reviewed in a special "putting it all together" final lesson.Each lesson provides several exercises that allow you to practice the skills you learn. Toensure you're on the right track, each lesson also provides answers and explanations 'for all of the practice questions. Additionally, you will find practical suggestions in each chapter for how to continue practicing these skills in your daily life.The most important thing you can do to improve your reading skills is to become an active reader. The following guidelines and suggestions outlined will familiarize you with active reading techniques. Use these techniques as much as possible as you work your way through the lessons in this book.65. According to the passage, the pretest aims toA. tell you where your starting level isB. arouse your interest in using the bookC. illustrate the structure of the textD. introduce the test-taking techniques66. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Each chapter has an internal relationship with the previous chapter.B. The texts are arranged in the order of length and complexity.C. Different reading strategies are listed at the beginning of each section.D. The author suggests using the book selectively according to readers' level.67. What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph?A. The function of each chapter.B. The outline of each section.C. The ways to be an active reader.D. The guidelines in using the book.(B)The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds too much of climbing mammals (哺乳动物) of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such as nice and small squirrels, are not as common overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and uncertain environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more rapidly. Thus, in the trees, where protection from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may be changeable, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs (嫩枝) and branches in the canopy for insects, flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are defeated, in the competition for food, by large ones that have their own strategies for browsing among tbod-rich twigs. The weight of an ape hanging below a branch draws the leaves down so that fruit-bearing leaves drop toward the ape's face. Walking or leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by breaking and gaining the whole branch or by catching hold of hard branches with the feet or tail and picking food with their hands.Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from one tree top to the next that typify the high canopy.A gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard (跳板). The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction (摩擦) against the relatively large surface area of its body.68. Which of the following questions does the passage answer?A. How is the rain forest different from other habitats?B. How does an animal's body size influence an animal's need for food?C. Why does rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals?D. Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?69. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in therain forest?A. They have body shapes that are adapted to life in the canopy.B. They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments.C. They have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy.D. They use the trees of the canopy for protection from heat and cold.70. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates thatA. small animals require appropriately more food than larger animals doB. a large animal's size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopyC. small animals are often attacked by larger animals in the rain forestD. small animals and large animals are equally good at obtaining food in the canopy71. According to the last paragraph, what makes jumping from one tree crown to anotherdifficult for small mammals?A. Air friction against the body surface.B. The thickness of the branches.C. The dense leaves of the tree top.D. The inability to use the front feet as hands.(c)According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family traditional cultural patterns confer (~z~,) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders." It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done."Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who prohibit attainment (达到) of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues thatthreaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggests, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.72. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.B. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effectiveleader in another group.C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.73. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus onA. ensuring harmonious relationshipsB. sharing responsibility with group membersC. achieving a goalD. identifying new leaders74. A "secondary relationship" between a leader and the members of a group could best be described as ______A. distantB. enthusiasticC. sympatheticD. personal75. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The problems faced by leaders.B. How leadership differs in small and large groups.C. How social groups determine who will lead them.D. The role of leaders in social groups.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A-F foreach paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.__________As public playgrounds grow increasingly worn and shabby, the for-profit centers offer clean, safe, supervised activities as well as a variety of challenging exercises to develop youngsters' physical fitness, usually for a fee of around $5 an hour. "Playgrounds are dirty, not supervised," says Dick Guggenheimer, owner of the two-month-old Discovery Zone in Yonkers, N.Y., part of a Kansas City-based chain. "We're indoors; we're padded; parents can feel their child is safe."77. __________Discovery Zone has sold 120 outlets in the past 14 months, boasting sandboxes full of brightlycolored plastic balls, mazes, obstacle courses, slides and mountains to climb. Now McDonalds is getting into the act. The burger giant is test-marketing a new playground, Leaps&Bounds, in Naperville, Ill. Phys Kids of Wichita has opened one center and has plans to expand.78. __________American parents are rightly worried about their kids' leisure life. There are 36 million children in the U.S. aged 2 to 11 who watch an average of 24 hours of TV a week and devote less and less energy to active recreation. Nationwide decrease in education budgets are making the problem worse, as gym classes and after-hours sports time get squeezed. Says Discovery Zone president Jack Gunion: "We have raised a couple of pure couch potatoes."79. __________In an attempt to attract more people, the new facilities cater to (迎合) the concerns of two-earner families, staying open in the evenings, 10ng after traditional public playground have grown dark and unusable. At Naperville's Leaps&Bounds, families can play together for $4.95 per child, parents free. Fresh-faced assistants, dressed in colorful sport pants and shirts, guide youngsters to appropriate play areas for differing age group.80. __________These new playgrounds are not meant to be day-care facilities; parents are expected to stay and play with their kids rather than drop them off. But several also provide high-tech baby-sitting services. At some of the Discovery Zones, parents can register their children in special supervised programs, then leave them and slip away for a couple of hours to enjoy a movie or dinner. The most fun of all, though, is getting to do what parents used to do in the days before two-career families and two-hour commutes: play with their kid. That, at least, is old-fashioned, even at per-hour rates.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements' in the fewest possible words.High school dropouts (辍学者) earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study moves away a common belief why they quit. It's much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can't cut it. They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright. So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left."The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school." John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About one million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So, if failing grades don't explain why these kids quit, what does? Again, John Bridgeland: "The most dependable finding was that they were bored." "They found classes uninteresting; they weren't inspired or motivated. They didn't see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations."The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states:California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus tile District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher, says raising tile compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school."As these dropouts look back, they realize they've made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure."New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point--the need for reform. It's been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS) 81. What do people think of those who quit school?82. Many students quit school not because they cannot pass grades but because they find Lessons_______________________83. Why don't some students quit until they are sixteen?84. According to the passage, the more effective way to keep students from quitting is to________________________第Ⅱ卷(共45分)IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.85．针对食品安全的投诉越来越多。

2020届闵行第二中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALast summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work inMinneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window and shouted. “Hey. I’m driving around giving free haircuts. Do you want one right now?” The man laughed, then paused. “Actually,” he said, “I was really hoping to get a haircut.” Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was done, the man looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he said.Up to now, Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts around the city to people with little influence, and she is strongly aware of the power of her cleanup job.As a teen, she suffered from a severe disease, causing her hair to get thinned, so her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she says. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own barbershop so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology (美容术) school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.“Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely peoplelooked,” she said. “I thought maybe I’d go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I can’t fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.”1. How does the writer begin the passage?A. By making a comparison.B. By giving a reason.C. By raising a question.D. By describing a scene.2. What made Stellar start the Red Chair Project?A. Her mother’s love for her.B. Her interest in cosmetology.C. Her care for those in need.D. Her wish to fight severe diseases.3. What did Stellar expect from the project?A. To spread kindness.B. To solve social problems.C. To deal with relationships.D. To make people look smarter.BKids often admire well-known celebrities, putting posters of their favorite musicians, movie stars and athletes on their bedroom walls. But rarely does a young person get to meet or talk to their idol. Yet for one young tennis player - Coco Gauff - her chance to do just that happened in an amazing way!Coco was born on March 13, 2004. At the age of 4, she developed an interest in tennis after watching Venus Williams win the Australian Open on TV. Coco began playing at 7 and showed a real talent for the sport. When young Coco turned 10, she began training at a tennis centre run by Venus's coach, Patrick Mouratoglou. He still remembers the first time he met Coco. He says, “She impressed me with her determination and fighting spirit. ” Convinced of her talent, Mouratoglou sponsored（资助）Coco to attend his academy in France. While she was preparing to go to the academy in 2019, she received a call that would change her plans and her life!Wimbledon（温布尔顿网球比赛）organizers called and offered Gauff entry to the tournament（联赛）as a wildcard（外卡选手）.This madeher one of the youngest players to ever qualify. Before she knew it she was on her way to London. After arriving, she received another surprise. For her Wimbledon debut（首次登场），she would be playing her lifelong hero, Venus Williams! The tennis legend is 24years older than Gauff.The world watched with amazement as young Gauff beat Venus in two straight sets! Afterwards, Gauff shook Venus's hand, thanked her and said, “I wouldn't be here if it wasn't for you. " After the match, Venus said of Gauff, “I think the sky is the limit；it really is. " Venus said, “I feel honored that I was on her wall [as a poster] at some point in her life. Soon she will be on other girls' walls. It's nice because it will keep going from the next generation to the next generation. "4. What can we learn about Coco from the text?A. She took up tennis as career at the age of 4.B. She went to academy at the age of 7.C. She had played against William before 10.D. She beat William at the age of 155. Which of the following can best describe Coco?A. Talented and modest.B. Lucky and responsible.C. Proud and hard-working.D. Respectful and cheerful.6. What can we infer from Venus's words?A. Coco had reached her limits.B. Coco would rise to fame after the match.C. Coco's poster would be passed on.D. Coco had once visited her home.7. What can be a suitable title for the text ?A. Coco Gauff：Tennis's Next Superstar.B. Coco Gauff：A Poster on the Wall.C. What Posters Mean to a Young Girl.D. The Significance of Admiring an Idol.CNarasimha Das is on his way to feed 169,379 hungry children. Das is in charge of a kitchen in Vrindaban. The town is about a three-hour drive fromIndia’s capital,New Delhi. Das gets to work at 3:00 a.m. Thirty workers are already working to make tens of thousands of rounds of bread. It will be brought to 1,516 schools in and around Vrindaban.A Growing ProblemGoing to school is difficult for more than 13 million children inIndia. They must go to work instead, or go hungry. That’s whyIndiabegan the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, the largest school-lunch program in the world. A free lunch encourages children to come to school and gives them the energy they need for learning. The program began in the 1960s.The kitchen in Vrindaban is run by the Akshaya Patra Foundation. It is one of the lunch program’s biggest partners. “Just $11.50 can feed one child for an entire year,” said Madhu Sridhar, president of the Akshaya Patra Foundation.Lunch Is Served!The Akshaya Patra food truck arrives atGopalgarhPrimary School. Since the program started, the number of underweight children has gone down. The children get foods they need — as long as they finish what’s on their plates.8. What does Narasimha Das do？A. A waiter.B. A salesman.C. A cook.D. A shopkeeper.9. The kitchen in Vrindaban supplies food to ________.A. the poorB. school childrenC. college studentsD. the old10. Why is it difficult for children to go to school inIndia?A. Because they have to work to make money.B. Because there are not enough schools.C. Because there are not enough teachers.D. Because their parents refuse to send them to school.11. Which of the following about the Mid-Day Meal Scheme is NOT true?A. It is to encourage children to go to school.B. It has been carried out for about 50 years.C. It is run by Narasimha Das.D. It is the largest school-lunch program in the world.DMy wife and I recently completed a day-long tour of the Great Wall with Jessie. In addition to being very knowledgeable about the history of theareas that we toured, she spoke excellent English and was able to answer all of our questions. Her driver was very experienced and polite, and we really enjoyed being able to have a customized tour that avoided the tourist traps and forced shopping that seem to be a part of the larger group tours.The attractions themselves were fantastic. I was a little worried that the snowy weather might impact our trip to the Great Wall, but everything went fine, and there weren’t many people out at all that day. I suggest wearing strong shoes—the Great Wall is really a hike. And in snowy or rainy days, the surfaces are pretty slippery (滑的)! Seeing this area in winter was really unique, and the snow made for great pictures. Jessie kept us entertained with stories and facts about the construction of the Wall, and always pointed out great spots for taking pictures. Even though she’s in fantastic shape, she cared about our level of fitness and often stopped to let us catch our breath.When we got back to our hotel, Jessie gave us a great recommendation for dinner and some tips for our planned stops the next day. If I find myself in Beijing in the future, I will certainly be contacting Jessie for more tour opportunities, and I’ve already recommended her to some friends who are visiting the area later in the year. I can’t say enough about how kind and knowledgeable she was, and she really gave us a great tour experience.12. What can we infer about Jessie?A. She is a tour advisor.B. She is a tour guide.C. She is a foreign traveler.D. She is a skilled driver.13. When did the writer visit the Great Wall?A. In spring.B. In summer.C. In autumn.D. In winter.14. What did the writer think of his tour?A. Adventurous.B. Disappointing.C. Satisfactory.D. Improvable.15. What is the probable title for the text?A. A Wonderful Tour Day with JessieB. An Extraordinary Tour CompanyC. The Great Wall, an Excellent AttractionD. Jessie, a Kind and Knowledgeable Guide第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。