4定语从句

指人
指物
Find out the relative clauses and identify the major elements（成分） of these clauses.
Group work
• The beautiful woman who /whom the king remarried was unkind. 宾语 • The queen was a woman who couldn’t bear anyone to be more beautiful
2.She was a girl whom/that/who her stepmother is unkind to.
3.She was a girl whose
skin is as white as snow.
Apply the rules
Complete each sentence with relative pronouns and guess who they are .
Apply the rules
Complete each sentence with relative pronouns and guess who they are .
1.It was a thing which/that was on the wall. 2.It was a thing which/ thatcould answer any question. 3.It was a thing whose owner was beautiful but cruel woman .
relative clauses .
Thank you!
Learning Objectives
1. Identify relative clauses in sentences; 2. State what relative clauses are and know their functions; 3. Analyze the structures of relative clauses accurately; 4. Use a relative pronoun properly in a sentence with a relative clause; 5. Create new sentences with relative clauses to describe our classmates.

第09练定语从句之关系代词定语从句的先行词和关系词在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句由关系词引导。

限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。

先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。

先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。

下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布：1.关系代词that即指人又指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that。

当代替物时，可以与which通用。

Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her．昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。

I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。

2.关系代词which指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中，可用在介词之后。

My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里who,whom指人；作主语或宾语（whom常可省略）先行词必须为人。

Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词，须用whomA couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV．“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。

The reason why he come so early is his own affair. 也可用介词后置的方法代替where: eg. The room he worked in is now kept in good repair. 如果where的先行项是place一词，那么关系分句介词 也可以省略：
admirable.
5) 由“介词 ＋ 关系代词”引导的分句结构 a. 此种结构多用于正式语体。能作这种用法的关系 代词是which,其次是whom, 有时是whose.
eg. They tried to think of a plan by which they could fulfil
their task ahead of time.
He is telling a story of LeiFeng, of whom every one of
us is proud.
The driver was the man from whose room she had
stolen the maps. 在这种用法中，介词的选择受到上下文的制约，或 与前面名词词组的搭配有关，或与后面动词词组的搭 配有关。 eg. The material of which the apparatus (机械） is made is a good nonconductor (绝缘体） of heat.
通常用who(m)/whose指人，用which指物，如： eg. The driver, who was young, had only just got his
license.
This book, which only appeared a year ago, has already

专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点，欢迎阅读！专四定语从句语法点关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。

关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。

(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。

2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。

2）先行词既有人又有物。

3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。

4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。

5）关系代词在从句中作表语。

6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。

7) 主句是there be句型。