第四讲 名词性从句
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高三语法复习第4讲名词性从句名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句名词性从句的引导词可分为引导词1:who,whom, which,what, whatever,whoever,whomever,引导词2:that/ whether ,when, where,why,whose,whenever,wherever,how,however做题方法:首先通过从句所在的未知判断是名词性从句其次分析从句的成分从句中缺主宾表的情况,选择引导词1中的词从句中缺状语或定语,选择引导词2最后,翻译句子,判断逻辑关系引导词的用法1.What引导名词性从句时,要做主语,宾语,表语,要有实际的意义(什么)同样的用法有who,whom,2.that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当成分,不可省略,起连接句子的作用3.when,where,why 在从句中充当状语4.whether 的意思是:“是否”,可引导主语从句,不可以换成if 01.主语从句1)从句在主语的位置,也就是从句做主语即为主语从句Eg1. what made me so happy is the good news I received about herEg2.That he wins the first prize in the competition mad me so delighted . Eg3.where I will go hasn’t been decided .Eg4.whether I accept your invitation is up to you.It 做形式主语,真正的主语是从句,常见的句型有It is+ adj(necessary ,important,essential,natural,strange ) that...It is +n(a pity, shame, no wonder) that......It is said /reported/ believed......It seems /appears/matters that.......02宾语从句(在谓语动词后/介词后,一个句子作宾语)Eg1.I didn’t know what he was talking about .Eg2.I always wonder how close the relationship between them.Eg3.I am glad to know that he came back safe and sound .It 做形式宾语主语+ find、make,feel,consider,see to,depend onEg I find it important that we should respect the old people.03表语从句(be动词和系动词之后用句子做表语)Eg1. That is what I want to tell you .Eg2.what confused me is that he should break up with herEg3.By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.常见的表语从句句型(1)It seems/appears that...(2)This/That is because/why/where/when/how...(3)The question/problem is whether/when/where/how...(4)The suggestion/advice/purpose/aim/goal/dream is that...(5)What从句+be+ that从句例如:What annoyed me most was that he came late again.04同位语从句1)同位语从句的结构:表示内容的先行词+引导词+从句2)同位语从句是对先行词的解释说明3)同位语从句的先行词一般是包含一定内容的抽象名词,如;suggestion、advice、proposal、thought、doubt、belief、news、promise、word、notice、request、requirement,problemEg1. He made a promise to me that he won’t be late for the class once again.4)同位语从句和定语从句的区别定语从句对先行词是起修饰作用,做出限定同位语从句对先行词是解释说明that的用法不同,在定语从句中that是关系代词在从句中做主语宾语表语在同位语从句中,that在从句中不做任何成分Here comes the news that he is admitted to the university.(同位语从句) Here comes the news that I am looking forward to .(定语从句)05wh-ever引导的名词性从句(无论....)1)引导词1:whatever/ whoever/ whomever/whichever(无论哪一个)在从句中做主宾表成分引导词2:whenever/ wherever/however在从句中做状语I can do whatever I want to doWhoever comes to English class late will sing a song for other students2)Wh-ever =no matter wh-Wh-ever 结构可以引导状语从句和名词性从句No matter wh-只能引导状语从句3)wh-和wh-ever 的区别wh-ever 译为无论.....,没有范围和条件wh-指特定的人,事情,地点等Eg1. Who is the next one to answer the question?Whoever answers the question can get a candy .Exercise 11.(2024·天津河西区模拟)_______ I’m concerned about most is_______we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. A.That; how B.What; if C.What; how D.As; whether【解析】选C。
第四讲名词性从句1.(2021·江苏高考,21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why B.whatC.as D.thatD[考查主语从句。
句意:通常情况下,对于那些心存希望的人,一切皆有可能。
分析句子结构可知,it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,故选D项。
It is often the case that...可视为固定句式,意为“通常情况下……”。
] 2.(2021·江苏高考,25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.A.That B.WhyC.Where D.HowC[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。
句意:中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知,但有些人还不认可。
分析句子结构可知,a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语,where Li Bai...was born是主语从句,表示“李白出生的地方”。
] 3.(2021·江苏高考,26)—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame,mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how B.whatC.that D.whoB[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。
句意:“真是一团糟!你总是这么懒惰!”“妈妈,我不应该受到责备。
我这个样子都是你一手造就的。
”分析句子结构可知,I am后是表语从句,引导词what在从句中作me的补足语,相当于the one/person that,即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
2019年职称英语综合类c级常用语法详解:第四讲第四讲定语从句、名词性从句一.定语从句:(一)什么叫定语从句?定语从句也称为"形容词从句",或"的从句",顾名思义,就是用来修饰或说明名词的从句,被修饰或说明的那个名词称为"先行词",即:名词(先行词) ← 连接词 + 句子因为汉语中的定语总是放在名词的前面,而英语中的定语从句总是放在被修饰或说明的名词后面,又要使用连接词加以连接,所以定语从句,特别是连接词的使用,成为中国学生学习的一个难点,也是考试的一个重点。
要搞清定语从句,初学者必须首先建立以下基本概念:比较:我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.昨天买的那本书很有趣。
The book that was bought yesterday is very interesting.从以上句子能够看出:(1) 定语从句一定是修饰或说明"名词"的,上句中就是"the book"(2) 定语从句中的"连接词"就是前面那个名词的"化身", 一般都紧跟在名词的后面,上句中连接词"that"代表的就是前面的"the book",即that = the book;(3) 定语从句中的"连接词"必须在从句中充当一个句子成分(当主语、宾语或表语时称为关系代词;当地点、时间状语时称为关系副词),在上句中"that"当动词"bought"的宾语,也就是说,以下表达是错误的:The book that I bought it is very interesting.因为句中的"that"就是"bought"的宾语,所以"it"是多余的。