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姓名，年级：时间：定语从句知识导图引入Mary is a girl who is happy。
概念定语从句：在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词.注意：关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、状等）关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为：关系代词：在从句中做主、宾、表、定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why)关系代词和关系副词用法注：高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。
事实上，对于where这个词,考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词.常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point， position， situation，stage，state，case， scene 等。
He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets， he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。
定语从句的分类1)限制性定语从句:从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。
与先行词之间不用逗号。
Mary is a girl who has long hair先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词2)非限制性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。
从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
has won a scholarship。
高中定语从句讲解与练习（附答案）定语从句专项讲解与练习1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。
它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。
主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。
PS:what不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that.The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom/ that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用who 的情况：a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those , these 时，关系代词用who。
高中英语定语从句讲解与练习定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词〔关系代词或关系副词〕引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1〕who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
2〕whose 用来指人或物，〔只用作定语, 假如指物，它还可以同of which互换〕。
例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose 〔of which〕cover is green. 3〕which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. The package 〔which / that〕you are carrying is about to e unwrapped.18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1〕关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。
专题八定语从句Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。
My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。
1．关系代词that与which的用法(1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。
Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。
第四讲定语从句单句语法填空1． (2020 ·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I ’ d skipped nearby Guilin, a dreamplace for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters ofthe Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.2． (2020 ·广东高考语法填空)When harvest came around, he was alreadyselling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the townsmet regularly.3．(2020 ·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.4 ． (2020 ·广东高考语法填空 )Nick ’ s guests, who hadheard theirconversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5．(2020 ·江苏高考改编 )The number of smokers, as is reported,has droppedby 17 percent in just one year.6． (2020 ·四川高考改编 )The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.7． (2020 ·陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family, Alex isalways longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.8． (2020 ·重庆高考改编 )He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.一、关系代词指引的定语从句1． who, whom, whose 指引的定语从句(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；二者在指引限制性定语从句经常可用 that 替代。
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。
（一）. 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。
（二）. 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
第一部分:基础知识（一）．定语从句概括定语 能够由 形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充任。
假如是一个 句子担当定语 ，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为 形容词性从句 。
定语从句往常 修饰 某一 名词或代词 ，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词 ，它位于定语从句以前， 定语从句在先行词后边，应尽量紧跟先行词。
定语从句的 作用即在于对先行词进行限制说明或增补说明。
（二）．定语从句的指引词。
定语从句的 指引词 分为两类：关系代词（ that, which, who, whom, whose ）关系副词（ when, where, why ）指引词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起 连结作用， 即连结先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又 作定语从句中作一个成分 。
（三）．关系代词1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限制定语从句中充任定语，或许取代前句3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。
4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
That is the professor whom you want to know. 5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。
I know the boy whose parents are dead. I don ’tlike those cities whose roads are dirty. 【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时能够省略。
关系代词有六个，听我逐个来说破； which 表物人用 who,人物都有 that 顾； which 用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;who 做主语很称职， whom 用到宾语里；+which ，此中 which 指代先行词不可以够指示整个句子。
高考二轮复习语法微专题——定语从句养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1.定义：先行词：Tom is my father. My father is a teacher.=Tom is my father who/that is a teacher.____________ 是先行词，____________ 是关系词（起替代先行词的作用）。
Whose= of whichThis is the way___________ helps me a lot.This is the way___________ he tells me.Keys: in which/that/\that/whichthat/which/\当the way 表示通过某种方式=in the way时，关系词用in which/that/\，相当于how,后面句子是完整的。
当the way 做先行词，后面从句缺成分，做主语用that/which，做。
注意reason 用法：The reason _________ he was late for school was unclear.The reason _________ he told me was that he got up late.Keys: why, that/which/\当reason 做先行词，后面从句不缺成分用关系副词why，缺成分用关系代词。
第四讲定语从句李仕才第一课时知识过关课1.在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom常可用that代替。
关系代词作宾语时常被省略。
2.在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等时，不能用that引导。
3.以下情况下一般用that：(1)当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。
(2)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、形容词最高级及the only，the very等修饰时。
(3)先行词包括人和物时。
4.当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。
另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词＋which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。
[注意] 当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。
5.当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。
两者的区别在于：(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。
(2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope 等动词连用。
(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。
(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。
(5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。
读语篇，悟语法。
反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线和黑体部分。
思考：引导定语从句的关系词是如何确定。
It was the__summer__of__2012,__when[1] I came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High School.Our school is a__wonderful__place,__where[2] I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our__classroom,__the__roof__of__which[3] looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school.The__main__reason__why[4]I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my__classmates here, two__of__whom[5] are my best friends.Jack，who[6]comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various__sports，among__which[7]he likes running very much.He__will__run__5__kilometers__every__day，which[8]makes him look strong.Nick，whose[9]father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard.We often talk about the__people__and__the__things that[10] we see in our school.Nick prefers the__food that[11]is made in our canteen.The__teacher whom[12]he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.1.先行词是the summer of 2012，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when (＝in which，during which)引导定语从句。
2.先行词是a wonderful place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where (＝at which)引导定语从句。
3.先行词是Our classroom，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是物时，只能用which。
the roof of which中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。
4.先行词是the main reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导。
5.先行词是my classmates，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。
two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。
6.先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。
7.先行词是various sports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。
8.先行词是He will run 5 kilometers every day整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which 引导。
9.先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nick’s，用whose引导。
10.先行词是the people and the things，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引导。
11.先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。
12.先行词是the teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom引导。
Ⅰ.单句填空(用适当的关系词填空)1.Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?2.Is this the reason why he was so careless in his work?3.The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.4.He lives in a village which is not far from the city.5.He lives in the village where he was born.6.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.7.In an hour, we travel to places where we can relax and get refreshed.8.The place which interested me most was the Children’s Palace.9.The place where he had a good time last Sunday was the Children’s Palace.10.I’ll never forget the days when we studied together.Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。
)1.There was a time t hat he didn’t get along well with his classmates.that→when2.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best of this year.who→whom3.The earthquake was felt in Beijing, that is more than two hundred kilometres away.t hat→which4.This is the best method which has been used against pollution.which→that5.The school shop, which customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.which→whose6.Which is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.Which→As7.The Great Wall was built in a time that countries were at war.that→when8.She told her mother she would not marry anyone that she didn’t love.that→whom9.The school which I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.which→where/在which前加上at10.The reason why he gave for not coming was that his mother didn’t allow him to.why→which/thatⅢ.语篇填空(在下面空格处填入1个适当的连接词，使结构完整，语意通顺。
