英语语法长难句讲义
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2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语Perhaps we know more about the world than we used to, and insofar as knowledge is prerequisite to understanding, that's all to the good. But knowledge is not as much a prerequisite to understanding as is commonly supposed.【翻译】也许比起过去,我们现在对世界知道得更多了,并且只要知道是理解的前提,那就没啥问题。
但是知道并不像人们通常想像的那样,真的就是理解的前提。
【语法分析】第一句是一个并列复合句。
首先,在大的层面上,它是一个并列句,用and连接起来。
其次,在小的层面上,第一个分句是一个主从复合句,Perhaps we know more about the world 是主句,than we used to是一个比较状语从句。
在这里used to表示“过去曾经”,后面省略了know.所以,这是一个并列复合句。
第二个分句也是主从复合句,that's all to the good是主句,意思是“那就是好的,没问题的”。
主句前面的句子是条件状语从句,insofar as就是in so far as, insofar 是一个介词短语,加上as后,意思是to the extent that,“到......的程度”,“在......的范围内”,我们可以把insofar as看成是一个连词,引导一个条件状语从句。
所以这句话的意思就是“在知道是理解的前提这个范围之内,上面那句话确实是对的。
”并列句与并列复合句的区别,就是并列句的两个分句都是简单句。
而并列复合句是至少有一个分句是主从复合句。
第二句是一个主从复合句。
as is commonly supposed是一个比较状语从句,用as ... as表示比较,前面是主句。
英语二语法与长难句精讲
在英语二的学习中,语法和长难句是两个重要的挑战。
为了更好地掌握英语二,我们需要深入理解这两个方面。
首先,语法是构建句子的框架。
学习语法不仅仅是学习规则,更是要理解语言的逻辑和结构。
英语中有几种重要的时态,如现在时、过去时和将来时,以及虚拟语气、被动语态等,这些都是我们在阅读和理解长句时必须注意的。
此外,从句、分词、不定式等复杂句型也需要我们细心分辨和理解。
长句,由于其复杂的结构和多变的语法现象,往往成为学习的难点。
在处理长句时,我们需要把握句子的主干,即主语、谓语和宾语。
对于其他的修饰成分,如定语、状语等,我们需要根据其在句子中的作用和位置,进行合理的分析和理解。
同时,我们还需要注意长句中的省略、倒装、插入等特殊的语言现象。
为了更好地理解和运用语法与长句,大量的阅读和练习是必不可少的。
通过阅读英语原著、新闻、学术论文等不同类型的文本,我们可以接触到丰富的语言现象,提高对语言的敏感度。
同时,通过写作练习,我们可以巩固所学的语法知识,提高组织语言的能力。
总之,语法与长句是英语二学习的重点和难点。
只有通过深入学习和大量实践,我们才能真正掌握英语二的精髓,提高我们的语言理解和表达能力。
记住,语言是用来交流的,所以大胆地去说、去写、去实践吧!。
长难句分析:从句!从句!从句!原句The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.(2023年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇)在这个40字的句子里,我们会看到表语/宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句三种主要的从句类型,你需要理解的就是每个从句在补充句意方面发挥的作用。
首先完成断句的工作。
在关系词的位置断开,应该是各位同学非常熟悉的常规动作了。
The key finding of the study was 主句不完整that 从句一关系词when crowds were further divided into smaller groups从句二完整that were allowed to have a discussion,从句三不完整the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.从句一内容完整严格按照“在从句关系词前面断开”的原则断句后,你会发现全句最特殊的,就是“… that when …”这个位置了。
两个关系词为什么会叠加在一起?实际上把几部分拆开后,你就会发现在第一个that之后,插入了when和that引导的另外两个从句,然后才是第一个that的具体内容。
也许这样的结构略显复杂,但是只要各位坚持“在从句关系词前面断开”这个基本原则,句子结构其实是很清晰的。
初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义语篇学语法——从句IarrivedinLondononafoggyday,togotoaveryimportantmeeting.Theplace①wherethemeetingwasgoingtobehel d wasontheothersideofthetown.Alltrafficcametoastop②becausethedriverswerenotabletoseemorethanayardinfrontofthem.Themeetingwouldbeginat9:0 0,soIdecidedtogothereonfoot.Minuteslater,Iwascompletelylost.Istoodthereandthough t③因此,复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构(完整的句子),句子与句子之间用连接词连接。
其中,主句部分可以独立存在,但从句担当了主句某一句子成分,故通常不能独立存在。
根据从句在句子中充当的成分,可以将其分为6类,即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句1.主语从句:,而不是用单词或短语来充当主语。
eg: (1)Whatyouneedismorepractice.(2)Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeenannounced.(3)Thathewillnotattendthemeetingisclear.(4)Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodisunknown.注:有时,为了避免将太长的主语放在句首而使句子显得头重脚轻,通常用代词it做形式主语,而将真正的主语从句放到句子的后面。
例如:(1)It isclearthathewillnotattendthemeeting.(2)It isunknownwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.主语从句引导词:①连词that(在从句中不担任成分,本身没有词义),Isuppose⑤youarelost.((3)AfterwardItoldhim⑦whereIwantedtogo,tookhisarm,andwestarted.(这是told的宾语从句,充当间接宾语,引导词where在从句中充当状语)(4)Iwondered⑨whyhefoundhiswaysoeasily.(wondered的宾从,why在从句中充当状语)另外:宾语从句除了可以跟在及物动词之后外,还可以跟在介词的后面,充当介词的宾语。
大学英语核心语法及长难句精讲班引言:1.为什么学语法?语法(英语:Grammar)是指任意自然语言中控制子句、词组以及单词等结构的规则。
2.怎么学语法?at table at the tablein prison in the prisonat school at the schoolout of question out of the questionWe have been roasting the chicken for over 30 years.I really can’t imagine how crisp it will be.第一章动词概述一、谓语动词英语时态The first president of the US was George Washington, the second was John Adams, the third was Thomas Jefferson, and the sixteenth was Abraham Lincoln.Who is the president of the US?George WashingtonAbraham LincolnThomas JeffersonNone of the above某一时间某一动作所呈现的状态。
我们学英语。
我们学过英语。
我们在学英语。
我们将学英语。
一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
时间状语:every …, sometimes, at …, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning, twice a week.我每天早晨7点离开家去学校,一周两次。
2) 客观事实,普遍真理。
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析nothing butThus we can roughly define what we mean by the art of reading as follows: the process whereby a mind with nothing to operate on but the symbols of the readable matter, and with no help from outside, elevates itself by the power of its own operations. The mind passes from understanding less to understanding more. The skilled operations that cause this to happen are the various acts that constitute the art of reading.【翻译】因此我们可以把阅读的艺术大致定义如下: 阅读的艺术是一个过程,通过这个过程,人的大脑只依靠自己对可以阅读的材料上的文字符号进行操作,也不需要来自外部的帮助,通过自己的操作能力就能够提升自己。
人的大脑从懂得更少逐渐过渡到懂得更多。
促使这件事情发生的技术操作就构成了阅读艺术的各种行动。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
主句是We can roughly define,从句是what we mean by the art of reading,作define的宾语。
as follows作状语。
这里的follows是一个名词,复数。
冒号后面的the process是同位语,作follows的同位语,具体解释follows的内容。
在the process的后面跟的是一个定语从句,修饰process. 定语从句的主干是whereby a mind elevates itself(大脑通过这个过程提升了自己)。
长难句分析讲义:定语从句的作用原句Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.(2023年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇)Their recovery has been so successful它们的复苏是如此成功that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊从名录中除名“如此……以至于”传递的就是因果逻辑,因为“如此”的事实表现非常明显,所以导致或促成了“以至于”后面的另一个事实。
这个句子里的情况就是,灰熊之前濒临灭绝,于是政府把它加入了野生动物保护名录。
但是随后一段时间里,受到保护的灰熊数量激增,复苏的状况非常好,所以政府要从保护名录中将灰熊除名。
“list 列表、列出”,加上动词否定前缀de-,就是“delist 从列表里去除”这个相反的动作。
which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.这会放松法律的保护并且允许它们被猎杀“so … that”结构后看到的是which引导的定语从句。
结合这个句子,我们来重点谈谈定语从句存在的意义。
说到定语从句的作用,每个人的脑海里都会立刻闪过“修饰限定”这四个大字,但是事实真的如此吗?以下面的三个句子为例,在不考虑高考英语考试要求、不考虑高中英语教学的情况下,请问:哪个版本在你看来更好一些?Yesterday he bought me a book. I like it very much. 简单句I like the book bought by him yesterday. 非谓语动词补充I like the book that he bought me yesterday. 定语从句补充这三个句子在句意表达上没有任何区别。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析as well asIt's true, of course, that you should be able to remember what the author said as well as know what he meant. Being informed is prerequisite to being enlightened. The point, however, is not to stop at being informed.【翻译】当然下面的话肯定是对的,那就是你除了应该知道作者的意思,还要能记住他的话。
被告知是受到启迪的前提条件。
然而关键问题是,你不能只停留在被告知上。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
It's true是主句。
其中it是一个形式主义,而真正的主语则是后面的that从句。
that从句中be able 后面跟了两个不定式短语,一个是to remember,一个是to know.remember后面跟了一个宾语从句what the author said,而know 后面也跟了自己的宾语从句what he meant.这两个不定式之间用连词as well as连接起来。
前面讲过as well as的意思。
as well as意思是“除了......,......也”后面的意思是基础的意思,而as well as之前的那一层意思则是更深层次的,是作者想强调的意思。
所以不能把它的意思简单地理解成and.第二句是一个简单句。
结构是主系表状。
第三句也是一个简单句,句中的however,是插入语。
But whether it is a fact about the book or about the world that you have learned, you have gained nothing but information if you have exercised only your memory. You have not been enlightened. Enlightenment is achieved only when in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he means, and why he says it.【翻译】但无论你所学到的是关于一本书的事实,还是关于世界的事实,如果你只动用了记忆力,那么你除了获得信息,其他什么都没有得到。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析in a certain lightThere is clearly no difficulty of an intellectual sort about gaining new information in the course of reading if the new facts are of the same sort as those you already know. A person who knows some of the facts of American history and understands them in a certain light can readily acquire by reading, in the first sense, more such facts and understand them in the same light.【翻译】如果新的事实和你已经知道的事实都是同一类型的,那么你在阅读的过程中获取新信息显然就没有什么智力上的困难了。
一个知道一些美国的历史事实,并在某种程度上理解这些事实的人,可以在第一个意义上,通过阅读,马上轻易地获取更多这样的事实,并且以同样的理解程度理解这些事实。
【语法分析】第一句话是一个主从复合句,包含好几个层次。
总的来说,if之前是主句,if之后是条件状语从句。
主句部分的主干是,There's no difficulty about gaining information.of an intellectual sort是介词短语,作定语,修饰difficulty(属于智力类型的困难)。
In the course of reading也是介词短语,但是它作的是状语,修饰动名词gaining (在阅读的过程中获取新信息)。
在if引导的条件状语从句中使用了句型the same... as...。
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义第一部分(一)第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义1、阅读,抓不住句子重点,在一个句子上浪费太多时间。
最后根据不完整的理解,碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译,提笔不知从哪里下手;胡乱写几行,卷面乱,不知所云,影响印象分。
(一)长难句到底难在哪里?--几句废话般的常识。
1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;2)单词意思常需根据上下文判断;3)代词的指代关系复杂;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;6)习惯搭配。
注:以上情况有可能单独出现,更多是“团伙作案”。
(二)长难句的破解的几个基本要点·把握规律(按照所讲的基本方法)·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识,提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简,化难为易。
(三)长难句解决的具体步骤1、抓主干2、理顺主从句子关系。
(四)分析句子成分的详细过程1)找出全句主谓宾或主系表,即句子的主干;2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3)分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系;4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
第二节、长句速读同位语和较长的后置定语(如人物身份,句子中间的非限制性定语从句),很长的专有名词(如机构名称)等。
这些信息需要用跳读(skip)的方法,略去不读。
在文章里,经常会出现此类文字信息,目的是为了干扰视线。
实际,没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授,也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思,因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。
做题时即使需要此类信息,利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。
例如:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的)behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)A recent study, published in last week‟s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)划线部分的信息可以一扫而过,目光不需要在上面停留细读。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析manage to doIf he can manage to acquire that greater understanding, he is reading in the second sense. He has indeed elevated himself by his activity, though indirectly, of course, the elevation was made possible by the writer who had something to teach him.【翻译】如果他成功地获得了那份更深刻的理解,那么他的阅读就是在第二个意义上进行的。
他通过自己的阅读,切实提升了自己。
当然间接地来看,他的提升之所以成为可能,是有东西要教他的作者帮他实现的。
【语法分析】这两都句是主从复合句。
先看第一句。
逗号之前是条件状语从句,逗号之后是主句。
在if从句中动词用的是manage to do something,意思是成功的做到了。
manage to do和try to do意思是有区别的。
try to do是设法做,但没做到。
而manage to do则是做到了,有结果。
大家一定要牢记这两个词的意思的区别,不能用错了。
再看第二句,主句在前面,He(主)has indeed elevated(谓)himself(宾)by his activity(方式状语)。
从句是though引导的让步状语从句。
不过在连词though和它引导的从句之间有两个插入语indirectly和of course. 也就是说连词后面应该紧跟一个句子(主语+谓语等),这里却没有跟主语即名词或代词,被这两个词隔开了。
这样就可以判断,它们是插入语。
插入语使句子显得很啰嗦、琐碎、打破了意思的连贯性,但也更严谨、丰富。
在让步状语从句中,动词用的是被动语态the elevation was made possible by the writer. 其中形容词possible是主语elevation的补足语。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well, just as a book that is capable of increasing our understanding can also be read purely for the information it contains. (This proposition cannot be reversed: it is not true that every book that can be read for entertainment can also be read for understanding.)【翻译】实际上任何一本为了理解或者是为了信息而阅读的书也都可以为了娱乐而阅读。
正如一本能够增进理解力的书也可以纯粹用来为它所包含的信息而阅读一样。
(这个命题是无法逆转的,也就是说,我们不能说,任何一本用来娱乐的书,也可以用来增进理解力。
)【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
它的主干是any book can be read for entertainment.that can be read for understanding or information是定语从句,修饰先行词book.as well的意思是“也”,表示追加,作状语。
它的用法可以参考系列文章的第(26)篇。
just as 引导的句子是方式状语从句,just as是连词,意思是“正如......”方式状语从句表示的是主句里的谓语动词表示的动作发出时的状态或方式。
再如: He treated her as if she were his sister(他对待她的样子,似乎她是他的妹妹。
高三语法填空—长难句分析Despit the sever challenges ______(bring) by natural disasters, China has managed to ensure enough food for over 1.4 billion people through its own efforts, making a positive contribution to global food security.这个句子一看很长,但是只要厘清结构也很容易得出答案。
despite是介词,所以结构就是:介词+名词+非谓语(后置定语),主语+谓语。
以下就是更多相似的例子。
1. Among the girls _________ (face) with challenges, she ______(be) the braverest one.答案:faced, was/is解析:among是介词,后面加名词girl, 由于girl不是做主语,后面的face自然也不能做谓语,而是当非谓语,考虑到考查的是be faced with在这个结构,所以填feace, 后面she是主语,所以be要做谓语,没有具体时间限制,填was,is都可以。
2.From desert to rainforest________ (house) all sorts of creatures, i _________ (travel) all over the past two years.答案:housing,have travelled解析:from...to...是介词,后面加名词rainforest, 由于rainforest不是做主语,后面的house(动词,意为:保存,拥有)也不能做谓语,而是当非谓语,考虑到考查的是Ahouse B(A拥有B)这个结构,所以填housing, 后面I是主语,所以travel要做谓语,有具体时间over the past 2 years限制,填have travelled。
2025年高考英语长难句结构分析十三1. A lot of people in poverty were infected with the deadly disease, so the experienced doctor of honor volunteered to serve the poor, and operated on them free of charge.许多穷困的人都染上了这种致命疾病,因此那个经验丰富的荣誉医生主动救助那些穷人,免费为他们手术。
●结构分析:⑴连词2个① so 引导结果状语从句② and连接并列谓语动词volunteered 和operated on⑵五种简单句结构有3个:① A lot of people were infected with the deadly disease,主谓宾(be infected with看作整体)② the experienced doctor volunteered to serve the poor,主谓宾③ the experienced doctor operated on them,主谓宾(operate on看作整体)⑶本句没有非谓语动词★本句为精华版,基本不可缩简●词汇短语① poverty n. 贫穷,贫困,贫乏,短缺,劣质Many elderly people live in poverty.许多老年人生活于贫困之中。
Britain has suffered from a poverty of ambition. 英国一直缺乏远大理想。
② infect vt. 传染,使感染(某种感情),使感染(计算机病毒),使携带病菌infection n. 传染,(身体某部位的)感染,传染病infectious adj. 传染性的,感染的(尤指通过呼吸),患有传染病,有传染力A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.一只蚊子就可以感染很多人。
高考英语长难句语法解析与翻译第1句时间状语从句,定语从句1. When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析:(1) When 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) He had seen: 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语,因此省略了关系代词that。
注意:先行词为不定代词everything时,关系代词不可使用Which;(3) To the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语;(4) Describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译: 当他回来时,这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句目的状语从句,宾语从句2. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析:(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句,so 前面的句子是主句,that 后面的句子是目的状语从句;(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语,it 是指示代词, 指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语;(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法;长句翻译:机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序,这样它才能知道它要做什么。
第3句定语从句3. The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.长句分析:(1) 并列连词but 链接了两并列句,前面一个句子为复合句;(2) Jackie chose: 是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词company的,由于定语从句中缺少宾语,所以该定语从句省略了关系代词that/which;(3) Choose: 选择;选取;挑选;决定;过去式:chose, 过去分词:chosen;(4) Plan to do something: 计划做某事;(5) More than + 数量词: 超过,多余,相当于over;(6) Apply for : 提出申请;申请…职位;请求;长句翻译: 杰基选择的那家公司只打算雇用一个人,但有二十多个人申请了这份工作。
2015考研英语基础班讲义(语法长难句部分)考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型,它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外,定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系,说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise插入语或隐性定, market- oriented economy 分译in which在这种经济中consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.合译例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.观众从网上知道了这则消息:几天前,西安发生了一起严重的爆炸事故。
例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.她和她男朋友私奔的谣言根本站不住脚,例3.However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)在贫穷国家,为了促进经济的快速发展,教育应该是最优先考虑的方面之一,然而这个传统的观点是错的。
三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。
倒装有两种。
将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(complete inversion)。
如Then began a bitter war between the two countries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(partial inversion)。
如At no time was the entrance left unguarded.入口无时无人把守。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误,后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
例1介词短语提前(Among the advantages (that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips)(that定从) are (that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information)that主语从句, making them faster than today’s semiconductor devices.例2This is the world out of which grows the hope(the hope grows), for the first time in history(插入语), of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.注意:调整语序,加强语气。
以There be引出的倒装句a. There seem to be many good candidates in the district.b. There exist many problems among the present day students.c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance.以副词here, there, then, now, next引出的倒装句a. Here come the rest of the party.b. Now comes your turn.c. Then followed the discovery of a new compound.d. Next came Edward with his wife.以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句a. At the school gate stood a guard.b. Under the tree are sitting some students.c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten.主语为代词时,不用倒装Behind the counter he stood.Behind the counter stood a man with glasses.以表方位的副词引出的倒装句a. Up went the arrow into the air.b. Down fell a dozen apples.c. Off went the horse.not短语置于句首a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact.b. Not a moment did she waste on campus.c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructive.no短语置于句首a. By no means should he be left alone.b. In no way are can we allow this to continue.c. In no case are you to leave your post.d. On no account should we follow blindly.e. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.f. No longer are they staying with us.g. No sooner had she finished the poem than the students began go ask her questions.only置于句首a. Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively.b. Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak.c. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.比较状语从句中的倒装a. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.b. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.c. The greater the number of the free electrons in a material, the better is the conductivity of the material.让步状语从句中的倒装a. Small as atoms, electrons are still smaller.b. Complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was invented in China over 800 years ago, is a relatively simple device.c. Hard as I tried to explain it to him, he still didn’t understand.d. Much as I disagree with you, I yet respect you.e. Vague though its category (is), it is without doubt an essay.f. Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.四、考研英语长难句之被动语态1.变为汉语的主动形式e.g. In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century: the art of the primitive, of symbol, and of imagination.e.g. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be tested either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.e.g. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.e.g. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.2.被动结构的表语化,可译为:“是…的”,“由…的”等。