英语语法全解及长难句

高考英语长难句翻译详解第一种：倒装句和感叹句倒装和感叹都是通过对词序的调整来强调或者感叹，那我们在翻译的过程中，只需要吧句子变为原来的陈述句模式就可以了。

1. 倒装句。

例：Never was his work about the history of Roman Empire valued by contemporary critics.生词：empire n. 帝国contemporary adj. 当代的；同时期的critic n. 批评家这是一个完全倒装句，我们还原语序就可以得到以下句子：His work about the history of Roman Empire was never valued by contemporary critics.再来分析：His work（主语）about the history（定1）of Roman Empire（定2）was never （小状语）valued（谓语）by contemporary critics（小状语）.根据我们之前的翻译规则：定语倒序；小状前置，翻译为“他关于罗马帝国的历史的作品从未被当时的批评家所重视。

”2. 感叹句。

例：What a remarkable day in life it is!生词：remarkable adj. 精彩绝伦的先还原语序：It is a remarkable day in life.再把小状in life前置翻译："这是生命中多么精彩的一天啊！"第二种：名词性从句包含宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句（在翻译是，表语从句可以当作表语从句来看待）我们先看一个简单的例子：I think that the man in the car is Tom.（划线部分为宾语从句）我们先翻译名词性从句部分“车里面的那个男人是Tom”然后，再放到原来的主干里面去翻译“我觉得城里面的那个男人是Tom”所以，我们得出了名词性从句的调整规则：先把名词性从句看做一个单独的句子翻译，然后带入原句即可。

2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语Perhaps we know more about the world than we used to, and insofar as knowledge is prerequisite to understanding, that's all to the good. But knowledge is not as much a prerequisite to understanding as is commonly supposed.【翻译】也许比起过去，我们现在对世界知道得更多了，并且只要知道是理解的前提，那就没啥问题。

但是知道并不像人们通常想像的那样，真的就是理解的前提。

【语法分析】第一句是一个并列复合句。

首先，在大的层面上，它是一个并列句，用and连接起来。

其次，在小的层面上，第一个分句是一个主从复合句，Perhaps we know more about the world 是主句，than we used to是一个比较状语从句。

在这里used to表示“过去曾经”，后面省略了know.所以，这是一个并列复合句。

第二个分句也是主从复合句，that's all to the good是主句，意思是“那就是好的，没问题的”。

主句前面的句子是条件状语从句，insofar as就是in so far as, insofar 是一个介词短语，加上as后，意思是to the extent that，“到......的程度”，“在......的范围内”，我们可以把insofar as看成是一个连词，引导一个条件状语从句。

所以这句话的意思就是“在知道是理解的前提这个范围之内，上面那句话确实是对的。

”并列句与并列复合句的区别，就是并列句的两个分句都是简单句。

而并列复合句是至少有一个分句是主从复合句。

第二句是一个主从复合句。

as is commonly supposed是一个比较状语从句，用as ... as表示比较，前面是主句。

高考英语2025年长难句知识点与语法突破在高考英语中，长难句一直是众多考生面临的挑战之一。

对于即将参加 2025 年高考的同学们来说，掌握长难句的知识点和语法突破技巧显得尤为重要。

长难句不仅在阅读理解中频繁出现，影响对文章的理解，也是在写作中展现语言水平的关键。

接下来，让我们深入探讨一下这一重要的内容。

首先，我们要明确什么是长难句。

长难句通常是指结构复杂、句子成分繁多、修饰语较多的句子。

它们可能包含各种从句、短语以及复杂的语法结构。

理解长难句的关键在于能够准确地划分句子成分，找出主句和从句，并理清各个成分之间的关系。

一、长难句的常见类型1、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。

从句包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

例如：“I know that he is a good student” （宾语从句）“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting” （定语从句）“I will call you as soon as I arrive” （状语从句）2、并列句并列句由两个或多个并列的分句组成，常用的连接词有 and, but, or 等。

例如：“He is tall and she is short” “I like music, but my brother likes sports”3、复杂的简单句有些简单句由于使用了较多的修饰成分，如介词短语、非谓语动词等，也会变得复杂。

例如：“With the developme nt of technology, ourlives have become more convenient” “Faced with difficulties, we should keep calm”二、长难句的语法知识点1、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

在理解和分析长难句时，要能够准确判断出名词性从句的类型和作用。

1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的（后天习得的）Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。

主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语；more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。

微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。

译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。

2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使…适合主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语；动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。

难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。

从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。

从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。

从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。

非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。

由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。

英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。

1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。

长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。

英语语法长难句与必背英语句型英语长难句分析之基础语法名词性从句之名词性从句主语从句可以按其引导词的不同分为三类：第一类,用从属连词that 引导的主语从句,例如：That we shall be late is certain.That the driver could not control his car was obvious.这种结构主要是对that 从句的内容进行强调,属正式文体,连词that 不可以省略;但是在一般情况下,往往使用先行it 结构,即用it 作形式主语,而把that 从句放到后面,这时,在口语中,连词that 有时则可以省略.所以上述两句可以改为：It is certain that we shall be late.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.如果整个句子是疑问形式,就只能用先行it 结构,例如：Is it true that he would take the risk?Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?常使用先行it 结构,用that 从句作主语的句子有下列几个句型：1、It + be + 形容词+ that 从句：It is clear that he was telling the truth.It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.2、It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句：It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.3、It + 及物动词+ 宾语+ that 从句：It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.It shocked m e that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.4、It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句：It is said that he has been there many times.5、It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词+ that 从句：It seems that he has lost something.注意：在上述第1 和第2 两种句型中,that 从句前置与使用先行it,that 从句后置在意义上没有什么差异;但使用先行it 结构较为常见.在第3 种句型中,that 从句前置在语法上是可能的,但实际上并不常见,通常总是使用先行it 结构.第4 种句型实质上是被动结构,由于that 从句不可以位于句首作被动句的主语,所以只能使用先行it 结构.第5 种句型已经形成了固定的搭配关系,that 从句不能前置,只能使用先行it 结构,不过,这种结构可以转换为带有不定式的简单句,例如：It happened that I had no money with me that day.→ I happened to have no money with me that day.第二类,用连接代词who、whose、which、what,连接副词when、where、how、why,以及连词whether(或if)引导的主语从句,例如：Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.→ It is not yet c lear who was responsible for the accident.What he did is not yet known.→ It is not yet known what he did.Whether it is true remains a problem.→ It remains a problem whether / if it is true.从以上例句可以看出,这类主语从句可以直接放在句首作主语,也可以使用先行it 结构,把主语从句放在后面,两种结构可以互换,意义上无差异,但用if 引导主语从句时,只能采取先行it 结构,也就是说if 不可以引导置于句首的主语从句.第三类,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever 等代词引导的主语从句,例如：What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.这类从句一般相当于带有定语从句所修饰的名词词组,即在结构上相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句,例如：What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.→ The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.→ Anyone who breaks the law i s sure to be punished.切记,这类主语从句不可以使用先行it 结构.上述第二类主语从句与第三类主语从句尽管在形式上十分相似,但实际上是不同的.第二类结构中用连接代/副词引导的从句系由特殊疑问句转化而来,以whether/if 引导的从句系由一般疑问句转化而来,自然含有疑问的意味,例如： When they will have the sports meet is still a question.→ When will they have t he sports meet?Who he is doesn’t concern me.→ Who is he?Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.→ Will he join us?而第三类结构中的主语从句则没有疑问的意味.试比较下列各句：① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.② What caused the accident was a broken bottle.③ What she looks like doesn’t matter.④ What she’d like is a digital watch.上述各句中尽管都有一个以what 引导的主语从句,但其意义不尽相同;第①和③句中的主语从句系由“What causedthe accident?”和“What does she look like?”转化而来,所以可以改成：It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.It doesn’t matter what she looks like.第②④句中的主语从句含义分别为“The thing that caused the accident”和“The thing which she’d like”,所以不含疑问意味,因此不可以说：It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.It is a digital watch what she’d like.但是可以说：It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.It is a digital watch that she’d like.不过,这已不是主语从句,而是强调结构了.学好初中英语的必背句型句型31：keep sb. / sth. +adj/doing/介词短语/advYou must keep your room clean.你们必须保持房间干净。

大学英语核心语法及长难句精讲班引言：1.为什么学语法？语法（英语：Grammar）是指任意自然语言中控制子句、词组以及单词等结构的规则。

2.怎么学语法？at table at the tablein prison in the prisonat school at the schoolout of question out of the questionWe have been roasting the chicken for over 30 years.I really can’t imagine how crisp it will be.第一章动词概述一、谓语动词英语时态The first president of the US was George Washington, the second was John Adams, the third was Thomas Jefferson, and the sixteenth was Abraham Lincoln.Who is the president of the US?George WashingtonAbraham LincolnThomas JeffersonNone of the above某一时间某一动作所呈现的状态。

我们学英语。

我们学过英语。

我们在学英语。

我们将学英语。

一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every …, sometimes, at …, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning, twice a week.我每天早晨7点离开家去学校，一周两次。

2) 客观事实，普遍真理。

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。

英语长难句分析长句25个1. Although he was tired and hungry, John continued to work late into the night.分析：主句为John continued to work late into the night，although引导让步状语从句，he was tired and hungry为从句主语，tired和hungry为从句谓语补足语。

3. She couldn't find her keys, which she had left on the kitchen counter.分析：主句为She couldn't find her keys，which引导非限制性定语从句，she had left on the kitchen counter为从句谓语。

4. It was not until the storm had passed that the rescue team could begin their work.分析：主句为the rescue team could begin their work，it为形式主语，not until引导倒装的时间状语从句，the storm had passed为从句主语。

6. Having studied for many hours, he felt prepared for the exam.分析：主句为he felt prepared for the exam，having studiedfor many hours为现在分词短语作原因状语。

7. In order to succeed, you must work hard and never give up.分析：主句为you must work hard and never give up，in order to引导目的状语从句。

2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析nothing butThus we can roughly define what we mean by the art of reading as follows: the process whereby a mind with nothing to operate on but the symbols of the readable matter, and with no help from outside, elevates itself by the power of its own operations. The mind passes from understanding less to understanding more. The skilled operations that cause this to happen are the various acts that constitute the art of reading.【翻译】因此我们可以把阅读的艺术大致定义如下: 阅读的艺术是一个过程，通过这个过程，人的大脑只依靠自己对可以阅读的材料上的文字符号进行操作，也不需要来自外部的帮助，通过自己的操作能力就能够提升自己。

人的大脑从懂得更少逐渐过渡到懂得更多。

促使这件事情发生的技术操作就构成了阅读艺术的各种行动。

【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。

主句是We can roughly define，从句是what we mean by the art of reading，作define的宾语。

as follows作状语。

这里的follows是一个名词，复数。

冒号后面的the process是同位语，作follows的同位语，具体解释follows的内容。

在the process的后面跟的是一个定语从句，修饰process. 定语从句的主干是whereby a mind elevates itself(大脑通过这个过程提升了自己)。

2023高中英语三年必考高考英语长难句语法解析与翻译第1句时间状语从句，定语从句1. When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析：(1) When 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) He had seen: 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语，因此省略了关系代词that。

注意：先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词不可使用Which；(3) To the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语；(4) Describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译: 当他回来时，这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。

2第2句目的状语从句，宾语从句2. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析：(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句，so 前面的句子是主句，that 后面的句子是目的状语从句；(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语，it 是指示代词，指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语；(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法；长句翻译：机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序，这样它才能知道它要做什么。

3第3句定语从句3. The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.长句分析：(1) 并列连词but 链接了两并列句,前面一个句子为复合句;(2) Jackie chose: 是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词company的,由于定语从句中缺少宾语,所以该定语从句省略了关系代词that/which;(3) Choose: 选择；选取；挑选；决定;过去式:chose, 过去分词:chosen;(4) Plan to do something: 计划做某事;(5) More than + 数量词: 超过,多余,相当于over;(6) Apply for : 提出申请；申请…职位；请求;长句翻译: 杰基选择的那家公司只打算雇用一个人，但有二十多个人申请了这份工作。

2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析in a certain lightThere is clearly no difficulty of an intellectual sort about gaining new information in the course of reading if the new facts are of the same sort as those you already know. A person who knows some of the facts of American history and understands them in a certain light can readily acquire by reading, in the first sense, more such facts and understand them in the same light.【翻译】如果新的事实和你已经知道的事实都是同一类型的，那么你在阅读的过程中获取新信息显然就没有什么智力上的困难了。

一个知道一些美国的历史事实，并在某种程度上理解这些事实的人，可以在第一个意义上，通过阅读，马上轻易地获取更多这样的事实，并且以同样的理解程度理解这些事实。

【语法分析】第一句话是一个主从复合句，包含好几个层次。

总的来说，if之前是主句，if之后是条件状语从句。

主句部分的主干是，There's no difficulty about gaining information.of an intellectual sort是介词短语，作定语，修饰difficulty（属于智力类型的困难）。

In the course of reading也是介词短语，但是它作的是状语，修饰动名词gaining (在阅读的过程中获取新信息)。

在if引导的条件状语从句中使用了句型the same... as...。

一、名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句，常用的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的成分，常用连词有：that, whether, what, who, which等。

例如：(1) That you failed the exam disappoints me.(2) Whether he will come to the party is still uncertain.2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的成分，常用连词有：that, whether, if, what, who, whom, which等。

例如：(1) She asked me if/whether I was available on that day.(2) The teacher told us what we should pay attention to.3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的成分，常用连词有：that, whether, what等。

例如：(1) The question is whether we can finish the project on time.(2) His problem is that he is not motivated enough.4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来对某个名词或代词进行说明、解释或补充，置于该名词或代词之后，常用连词有：that, whether, what等。

例如：(1) The news that he got admitted to the top university excited his parents.(2) The fact that she lied to us made us lose trust in her.二、定语从句定语从句是修饰某个名词或代词的从句，常用的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等。

1. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。

【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。

【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品）Over the last few years tourism here has developed considerably.在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。

The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。

常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。

如：The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned.办公室看起来很干净。

它刚被打扫过。

The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已修了两小时了。

2020年高考英语语法填空原文.译文.长难句解析及答案详解第一部分：语法填空原文和译文China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The umiiainied Chang 匕・4 probe (探［则器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 6Itouched_ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin・ Landing on the moon's far side is _62extremely_ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon'sbody blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _63where_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64interes(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)z more so 65than_ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instnunents onboard Chang^e-466to find一(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, " because it _67means_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68is construeted_ (construct) " Data about the moon^s composition, such as how69much_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _70it‘ s_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical. 中国已经成为首个让飞行器在月球背而着陆的国家。

考研英语长难句经典200 句解析1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”结构分析：本句的主干是elders used to say…。

直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。

参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。

”2．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.结构分析：这句话是and 连接的两个并列句。

在第一个分句中，as 是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire 和a blueprint of a house 相比较。

第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。

第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。

这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。

参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。

实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。

3 ．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。