温州大学研究生入学考研真题【2013】——824物理化学试题A

2013年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题科目代码及名称:621英语基础适用专业：英语语言文学（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）A卷Part One Blank-filling20%For each of the blanks in the following passage you are allowed to fill in only one word.Professor Bill Morse was my instructor for a seminar in John Milton during the first_1_-of my sophomore year at Holy Cross.Truth be told,I had no business_2_the upper-level class,and my presence there was largely due to a registrar mishap,_3_for some reason,Bill let me stay.I was scared that first day when he told us to_4_our chairs in a circle.You can’t hide in a circle.And_5_I looked around for someone who lived in my dorm,I quickly_6_I was outranked here.The fact that I was allowed to stay,_7_the ranking,inspired me.Perhaps Bill saw_8_in me during those first few classes.Or perhaps he noticed all the Post-it_9_and hi-lighting I had done in my Milton handbook.Regardless,his confidence in me was inspiring.I spent most of my days preparing for that weekly_10_.I read the assigned reading.I read the_11_reading.I read supporting texts and notable opinions.And then I began to_12_my own.I was the first to enter the circle each week and the last to leave_13_.My friends dreaded dinners in Kimball dining hall with me that year,because I would often ask them what they thought of the_14_of Eve and what it meant to them when she crouched by the river’s_15_to see her own_16_I asked them if they thought the theory of the dialectic could be applied to our own trivial lives, and if they felt more passionate_17_life when they thought about it within the_18_of dying.These questions proved to be table-clearing topics,and it’s quite surprising that I ended that semester with any friends at all. But I couldn’t_19_my enthusiasm.Professor Morse had triggered something in me.He had_20_an independence of thought that I hadn’t yet found in myself.Part Two Reading Comprehension40%When Wenzhou SneezesWenzhou is known for making shoes,buttons,eyeglasses,electric switches,water valves and 70%of the world's cigarette lighters.But its most famous product is entrepreneurs.(1)Hemmed in by mountains and with little arable land,this city on China's southeastern coast has relied on trade for centuries.Even in the Maoist era,when capitalism came under sustained and violent attack,private enterprise was never entirely extinguished there.So after China began market reforms in the late1970s,Wenzhou flourished."The Wenzhou Model"of small,low-costcompanies,and its businessfolk have invested across the country in everything from real estate to mining.The city is the locus and symbol of private enterprise in China.But in recent weeks,the reputation of Wenzhou's entrepreneurs has taken a serious hit.Dozens of factory bosses have fled(2)bad debts,and at least two have committed suicide.Part of the cause is the challenging operating environment for manufacturers.Demand from export markets like the U.S.and Europe is weak,wage and materials costs at home are rising,and China's currency,the renminbi,has been steadily(3)appreciating,making Chinese goods more expensive abroad."Orders have been down this year and last—that causes a lot of pressure,"says Cai Jianguo.He started his Wenzhou eyeglass company,Zhengshi Optical,with just$1,200and eight employees in1997.Today he has more than100employees churning out some30,000pairs of plastic frames a month,mostly for export.But he's(4)feeling the pinch."For small businesses like ourselves,survival itself is a big challenge."The main cause of Wenzhou's ills is far more explosive,however,and lies in the local tradition of private lending.Because Chinese banks prefer to lend to larger,state-owned enterprises that are ultimately backed by the central government,Wenzhou's entrepreneurs have long turned to one another for financing."Private lending and private enterprises are a natural couple,"says Hu Zhenhua,a professor of economics at Wenzhou University."One cannot exist without the other." That relationship has come under extreme strain.The central government's efforts to control inflation over the past year have restricted bank credit,(5)driving up the demand for underground loans even more.In Wenzhou,local investors,including a significant share of the town's businesses,have been chasing(6)hefty earnings through making private loans that have interest rates as high as60%.But such levels of return are unsustainable,and over the past month the credit market has collapsed.In a town where almost everyone has lent or borrowed through the informal networks,the pain has been severe.Wenzhou entrepreneurs'ability to access nonbank credit may have been one of the sources of the city's success,but it now threatens to bring the local economy down.And given the extent to which local entrepreneurs have invested throughout China,the shocks will likely be felt nationwide.Shanghai Daily calls the Wenzhou meltdown"China's subprime crisis."Cai's anxieties about(7)slim margins in the eyeglass business are almost mundane compared with those of another Wenzhou entrepreneur known as the Kid.(For his safety,he asked that his real name and some identifying details not be divulged.)The Kid is a private moneylender.Some would call him a loan shark.He pools money from local investors and loans it out to businesses that need cash.He started lending in2007with about$1million of his own,bank loans against family property and money from hundreds of investors.A year later,when the global financialcrisis hit,the Chinese government initiated a$586billion economic-stimulus package and ordered banks to flood the market with credit,all in an effort—ultimately successful—to keep the domestic economy(8)humming.But even amid that sea of credit,SMEs in places like Wenzhou still found it difficult to get bank loans because state enterprises were soaking up most of the money.For private firms,the stimulus was"like the rain that never reached the land—it was intercepted in mid-air,"the Kid says."So the land had to draw water from underground." That underground supply did not come cheap.The Kid made loans at2.5%monthly interest, or about34.5%annualized,far higher than the7%to8%charged to those getting bank loans. Things really took off for him over the past year as the central government tightened credit, raising benchmark interest rates and upping banks'reserve requirements."You've got an environment where growth for the past few years has been driven by almost limitless easy credit,"says Patrick Chovanec,an associate professor at Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management in Beijing."When the People's Bank of China began to impose limits on credit in order to rein in inflation,that demand for limitless credit as a driver of GDP growth didn't go away."Rather than squelching the demand for credit,those actions shifted it to the informal market.For a while,business was very good for the Kid.His fund grew to$15million at its peak. Borrowers were paying back their debts quickly.In one week in May,for instance,the Kid took in nearly$8million in repaid loans and interest.Many of the borrowers were small-scale real estate developers who needed money to fund projects—but that's precisely why the Kid and others like him face problems now.Continued economic uncertainties and tighter mortgage policies have made property buyers increasingly cautious,and real estate sales have slowed dramatically.The people of Wenzhou"plowed their money into high-interest loans,"says Victor Shih,a political scientist at Chicago's Northwestern University who studies China's financial system."That was unsustainable because the high-interest loans went back into real estate projects.Eventually all of them will go bust."For Wenzhou exporters facing ever narrowing margins,the temptation to put money into high-interest,informal(9)syndicated loans has been especially high.Cai,the eyeglassmaker, resisted."I never wanted that kind of money,"he says."It was too dangerous."But many others went ahead.The government estimated earlier this year that60%of Wenzhou businesses and an astonishing90%of households were involved in some form of private lending.Problems began to really emerge in late summer,when some large borrowers stopped repaying.In September,Hu Fulin,president of Xintai Group,another eyeglass manufacturer,fled to the U.S.to escape some $300million in debts.He has since returned,but the situation remains dire—some90othercompany heads have absconded.The Kid collected about$3million in August and early September,but says he recovered a mere$50,000between late September and late October."Everyone is hoarding money,"he says. "Once they get it back,nobody lends it out again—not even to their closest friends."The Wenzhou bubble has burst.Everything appears normal in Wenzhou.The streets leading from the city center to the surrounding factory districts are jammed as usual with trucks and delivery vans,new Range Rovers and dilapidated Citroen taxis.Beneath the surface,however,a mad race to collect debts is under way.For much of October,the Kid says he slept only two or three hours a night as he pondered how to claw back(10)outstanding loans."If people could get their money back just by holding other people at gunpoint,there would have been a riot in Wenzhou,"he says."It seems calm on the surface,but the chaos is underneath."In early October,Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visited Wenzhou,where he ordered local banks to lend more and promised a crackdown on abusive underground lending.The local government has organized a$160million fund to help overstretched businesses,and the fund is likely to grow.The big issue,says Professor Hu,is what happens in January,ahead of the Chinese New Year, when Wenzhou's private lenders traditionally call in their outstanding loans.To come up with cash,indebted locals may unload real estate at discounted rates,which could truly burst the property bubble not just at home but also in Shanghai,Beijing and other cities where they have invested."Should the liquidity chain in Wenzhou collapse to spark either sell-offs in the property market or the cutoff of liquidity for manufacturing or mining,this local crisis could evolve into a national problem,"Xianfang Ren,Beijing-based senior economist for consultancy IHS Global Insight,wrote in mid-October.Still,Wenzhou accounts for just1%of China's GDP.Manufacturer Cai says he plans to keep on churning out eyeglass frames,despite his ever tightening margins."What else would I do?" he asks.And the Kid,if he can ever climb out of the massive hole he's dug,says he'll continue too."When the market recovers,I'll still be willing to put30%of my assets in private lending," he says."If a Wenzhou person has10million renminbi,he wouldn't deposit it all in the bank. He'd at least spend3.5million on some kind of investment.Wenzhou people aren't stupid."The rest of China fervently hopes so.Language Work(1)Explain the underlined parts above on the answer sheet(from number1--10)(20)(2)Explain the following two statements in relation to the article.(20)(a):“When Wenzhou Sneezes”(b):“Wenzhou people aren't stupid”Part Three Translation work40%Put the following passage into English.若遇着晴天，人的影子迅速地在路上移动着，好像看电影似的，非常有趣；雨天，路太坏了，不但感不到什么好处，而且非常恨这块地方。

2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题科目代码及名称: 818 普通物理 适用专业：物理学、学科教学（物（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）1.（15分）已知一质点的运动方程为22(2),,r ti t j r t =+-分别以m 和s 为单位，求:(1) 质点的轨迹方程； (2) t=0s 和t=2s 时刻的位置矢量； (3) t=0s 到t=2s 质点的位移r ∆和平均速度v ；(4) t=2s 时质点的速度。

2.（15分）一质点沿半径为 1 m 的圆周运动，运动方程为332t +=θ，式中θ以弧度计，t 以秒计，求：(1)t ＝2s 时，质点的切向和法向加速度；(2)当加速度的方向和半径成45°角时，其角位移是多少?3.（15分）质量为10kg 的质点，沿x 轴无摩擦地做直线运动。

设t=0时，质点位于原 点，速度为零（即初始条件为：）。

问： (1)设质点在F=3+4t 牛顿力的作用下运动了3秒，它的速度和加速度增为多大？(2)设质点在F=3+4x 牛顿力的作用下移动了3米，它的速度和加速度增为多大？4. (15分)如图所示，一个长为l 、质量为M 的匀质杆可绕支点o自由转动.一质量为m 的子弹以一定的初速度与水平方向成60角的方向射入杆内距支点为a 处，使杆的偏转角为30问子弹的初速率为多少？5．（15分）一列平面余弦波沿x 轴正向传播，波速为5m/s ，，波长为2m ，原点处质点的振动曲线如图所示。

(1)写出波动方程；(2)求距离波源0.5m 处质点的振动方程并做出振动曲线。

第 1 页，共 2 页ABoε126. （15分）半径为1R和2R(2R＞1R)的两无限长同轴圆柱面，内外圆柱面单位长度带有电量分别为λ和-λ,试求:(1)r＜1R；(2)1R＜r＜2R；(3) r＞2R处各点的电场强度（大小及方向）。

7．（15分）已知一球形电容器，内球壳半径为R1，外球壳半径R2，两球壳间充满了介电常数为ε的各向同性均匀电介质。

温州大学考研真题温州大学是位于中国浙江省温州市的一所综合性大学。

自1999年开始，温州大学每年都会举行考研入学考试，以选拔优秀的研究生。

考研真题是考试前真实的试题，通过对真题的复习和解析，考生可以更好地了解考试形式和内容，提高备考效果。

本文将从历年的温州大学考研真题中选取几道典型题目，进行解析和讲解。

一、英语专业硕士(MA)考研真题阅读理解：Passage 1The United States has developed a new system to predict tornadoes.Research by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shows that its new method forecasts the intensity and duration of tornadoes with an accuracy of up to 90%.The system, called High-Resolution Rapid Refresh, uses the current weather data and computer modeling to predict the pattern of tornadoes. The research team analyzed 147 tornadoes in the US Midwest last year to validate their predictions.According to the NOAA's prediction, there will be an 80% chance of severe weather conditions, including tornadoes, in parts of Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.NOAA scientist Steve Weiss said, "The method has been used in predictions for only a year, and its performance has been outstanding."Tornadoes usually occur in the US Midwest in the late spring and early summer. In recent years, tornadoes have caused significant damage and lossof life in the region. With the new prediction system, it is hoped that the people in tornado-prone areas can be better prepared and protected.1. What is the new method developed by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)?A) A method to analyze tornado patterns.B) A method to predict severe weather conditions.C) A method to forecast tornado intensity and duration.D) A method to validate weather predictions.答案：C) A method to forecast tornado intensity and duration.解析：根据Passage 1中的第一段和第三段可以得知，NOAA开发了一种新的系统，用于预测龙卷风的强度和持续时间，所以答案是C。

2011年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题A科目代码及名称: 818物理化学Ⅰ适用专业：物理化学、有机化（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）注意事项：（1）有关的常数：R=8.314 J·mol-1·K-1；k=1.38×10-23J·K-1；F=96500 C·mol-1；h=6.63×10-34J·s；L=6.02×1023 mol-1。

（2）标准压力p=100 kPa或101.325 kPa。

（3）允许使用计算器、直尺。

一、单项选择题（共15题，每题2分，共30分）1、理想气体在恒定外压p=101.325 kPa下，从10 dm3膨胀到16 dm3，同时吸热126 J，则过程的ΔU为多少？（A）-284 J （B）842 J （C）-482 J （D）482 J2、下列宏观过程：①p和273.15K下冰融化为水；②电流流过铜线发热；③往车胎内打气；④水在p和373.15K下蒸发。

可视为可逆过程的是哪几个？（A）①和④（B）②和③（C）①和③（D）②和④3、对封闭系统，在指定的始末态之间，可能的绝热可逆途径有几条？（A）0条（B）1条（C）2条（D）至少3条4、物质A和B混合形成理想液态混合物，则此过程的Δmix S大小如何？（A）Δmix S>0 （B）Δmix S<0 （C）Δmix S=0 （D）无法判断5、某化学反应A→B，消耗掉四分之三的A所需时间是其半衰期的2倍，则该反应是几级？（A）零级（B）一级（C）二级（D）其它级数6、左右水平放置的粗细均匀、内壁清洁的毛细玻璃管中有一段连续的汞柱，当在该汞柱右端的玻璃管外稍稍加热时，管中汞柱将如何移动？（A）左移（B）右移（C）不动（D）无法判断7、20℃时，浓度均为10 mmol·kg-1的LaCl3、CaCl2、NaCl三种水溶液，离子平均活度因子γ±由大到小的顺序为：（A）LaCl3>CaCl2>NaCl （B）LaCl3> NaCl > CaCl2（C）CaCl2>LaCl3>NaCl （D）NaCl >CaCl2> LaCl3第1页，共 5 页（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）8、某水溶液中有n种溶质，若用一种只能让水分子通过的半透膜将此溶液与纯水隔开，当达到渗透平衡时，纯水一侧水面外压为p w，溶液一侧液面外压为p s，则该体系的自由度f是多少？（A）f=n（B）f=n+1 （C）f=n+2 （D）f=n+39、某化学反应速率系数与其各基元反应速率系数之间的关系式为k2(k1/2k4)1/2，则该反应的表观活化能E a与各其基元反应的活化能之间的关系式为：（A）E a=E2+E1/2-E4（B）E a=E2+(E1-E4)/2 （C）E a=E2+(E1-2E4)1/2（D）E a=E2+E1-2E410、二组分凝聚体系（A+B）的温度（T）-组成（w B%）相图如下所示。