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制动系统课件一、引言制动系统是汽车的重要组成部分，其性能直接关系到行车安全。
本课件旨在对制动系统进行全面、系统的介绍，帮助大家了解制动系统的原理、组成、类型及维护要点，提高行车安全意识。
二、制动系统原理1.制动系统的作用制动系统的主要作用是使汽车减速或停车，确保行车安全。
在行驶过程中，驾驶员通过踩踏制动踏板，将制动力传递到车轮，使车轮减速或停止转动，从而实现减速或停车。
2.制动力产生原理制动系统利用摩擦原理产生制动力。
当驾驶员踩踏制动踏板时，通过一系列传动装置，将制动力传递到车轮。
车轮与地面之间的摩擦力使车轮减速或停止转动，从而实现减速或停车。
三、制动系统组成1.制动踏板制动踏板是驾驶员操作制动系统的部件，通过踩踏制动踏板，将制动力传递到车轮。
2.制动主缸制动主缸是制动系统的核心部件，将驾驶员踩踏制动踏板产生的力转换为液压信号，传递到制动器。
3.制动器制动器是产生制动力的部件，根据类型不同，可分为鼓式制动器和盘式制动器。
4.制动助力器制动助力器是辅助驾驶员减小踩踏制动踏板力的装置，提高制动效果。
5.制动液制动液是传递制动力的介质，具有良好的热稳定性和抗压缩性。
6.制动片和制动鼓（或制动盘）制动片与制动鼓（或制动盘）之间的摩擦产生制动力，使车轮减速或停止转动。
四、制动系统类型1.鼓式制动系统鼓式制动系统采用制动鼓和制动片，通过摩擦产生制动力。
鼓式制动系统结构简单，制造成本低，但散热性能较差，适用于小型车辆。
2.盘式制动系统盘式制动系统采用制动盘和制动片，通过摩擦产生制动力。
盘式制动系统散热性能好，制动稳定性高，适用于高速行驶和大型车辆。
3.驻车制动系统驻车制动系统用于固定车辆位置，防止车辆在停车时意外滑动。
驻车制动系统通常采用机械式制动器，如手刹。
五、制动系统维护要点1.定期检查制动液制动液是传递制动力的介质，应定期检查其液位和品质。
若制动液不足或品质不佳，应及时补充或更换。
2.定期更换制动片和制动盘（或制动鼓）制动片和制动盘（或制动鼓）是产生制动力的关键部件，磨损程度会影响制动效果。
制动系统学习课件contents •制动系统概述•制动器类型与特点•液压与气压传动在制动系统中应用•制动系统关键零部件详解•故障诊断与排除方法•维护与保养注意事项•总结回顾与拓展延伸目录01制动系统概述定义与功能定义制动系统是一套使行驶中的汽车按照驾驶员的要求进行强制减速甚至停车的装置，或者使已停驶的汽车在各种道路条件下（包括在坡道上）稳定驻车，使下坡行驶的汽车速度保持稳定。
功能制动系统的主要功能是使行驶中的汽车减速甚至停车，保持下坡汽车的速度稳定，以及使已停驶的汽车保持不动。
产生制动动作、控制制动效果并将制动能量传输到制动器的各个部件，如制动踏板、制动主缸等。
制动操纵机构制动器制动传动装置产生阻碍车辆的运动或运动趋势的力（制动力）的部件，包括鼓式制动器和盘式制动器等。
将制动能量从制动操纵机构传输到制动器的部件，如制动油管、制动分泵等。
030201制动系统组成工作原理及过程工作原理驾驶员通过踩踏制动踏板，使制动主缸内的制动液产生压力，这个压力通过制动油管传递到各个制动分泵，推动制动分泵活塞向外移动，进而推动制动蹄或制动盘与车轮产生摩擦，实现减速停车的目的。
工作过程当驾驶员踩下制动踏板时，制动主缸内的活塞开始移动，将制动液压入制动油管中。
制动液在油管中传递压力，推动各个制动分泵的活塞向外移动。
活塞的移动使得制动蹄或制动盘与车轮产生摩擦，从而减缓车轮的旋转速度，实现车辆的减速或停车。
02制动器类型与特点结构简单，制造成本低鼓式制动器主要由制动鼓、制动蹄、制动底板等部件组成，结构相对简单，易于制造和维修。
制动效能稳定鼓式制动器在制动过程中，制动蹄与制动鼓的接触面积较大，能够产生稳定的制动力矩，使车辆平稳减速。
热衰退性能较差由于制动鼓散热性能不佳，长时间或频繁制动时，制动鼓容易过热，导致制动效能下降。
盘式制动器的制动盘暴露在空气中，散热面积大，散热性能好，不易出现热衰退现象。
散热性能好盘式制动器的制动钳能够迅速夹紧制动盘，产生制动力矩，使车辆快速减速。
LOCO CHINEBRAKE SYSTEMHXD2 LocomotivesJune 2007General data of the locomotiveNormal service : 2 locomotives coupled togetherLocomotive 1 : master(generator of BP pressure active)Locomotive 2 : slave(generator of BP pressure no active)June 2007Type of brakes•Pneumatic friction brake•Electro-dynamic brake•Automatic parkingbrakeThe pneumatic friction brake is controlled by the driver’s brake valve (Eurotrol).June 2007Brake systemsDual brake pipe modes•Passengers (brake pipe 6 bar)•Freight (brake pipe 5 bar )Dual brake modes•Gradual control•Direct mode releaseJune 2007Brake commandsJune 2007LOCOTROL System•Multiple unit control system, installed on all units (leading & remote)•All traction and braking commands on the leading locomotive are transmitted to the others through the LOCOTROL systemJune 2007June 2007•Generic hardware & software platform called Gemini II •Controls the pneumatic equipment of the Eurotrol •Interfaced through :– A FIP bus to the train computer– A RS422 link to the LOCOTROL•Based on :–Time dependent inputs from the indirect brake manipulator –Brake demand from LOCOTROL systemBCUBCUJune 2007Brake system •dcwvJune 2007Brake system •Block schemeJune 2007June 2007•Receives its input from the BCU •Modulates the BP pressure–Calculates the internal pressure valve RE–Activates the control valves in a closed loop to obtain the desired pilotpressure REEUROTROLEUROTROL •First brake step pressureJune 2007EUROTROL •Brake applicationJune 2007EUROTROL •Brake releaseJune 2007EUROTROL •Stabilisation after braking or releasingJune 2007EUROTROL •Quick releaseJune 2007EUROTROL •Emergency brakeJune 2007EUROTROL •NeutralisationJune 2007June 2007•One distributor valve group per locomotive •This module :–Realises the automatic pneumatic brake,–Distributes air in the RADistributor valve group•Distributor SW4 G/P mode •Operation mode lever (management of BP reference pressure) :–M (freight) position : P BP = 500kPa–V (passenger) position : P BP = 600kPa•2 release modes : gradual & direct release ( RB(IS)RC cock position )June 2007•Cock RB(IS)RC open (switch closed)•Carried out in large flow (manipulator in GD position)•Only if P BP > 300kPa •If VV(RT)RC detectsa ΔP > 20kPabetween BP & R(T)↘RC discharge itselfinside BP↘The distributor is able to release the brake more quickly Direct release modeBrake releaseDirect release mode Brake releaseJune 2007Direct release mode Brake applicationJune 2007•Cock RB(IS)RC closed (switch open)Gradual release mode Brake applicationJune 2007LOCO CHINE DJ4Gradual release modeBrake releaseJune 2007HXD2 LocomotiveBrake releaseFor dynamic brake applicationJune 2007DIRECT BRAKEmanipulator•Controlled by the BCU onrequest of the LOCOTROLsystem, on the remotelocomotiveJune 2007DIRECT BRAKE •Brake applicationJune 2007DIRECT BRAKE •Release positionJune 2007DIRECT BRAKE •Brake cylinder pressure maintainingJune 2007HXD2 LocomotiveEMERGENCY BRAKE•Venting of the RE pilot pressure& of the brake pipeJune 2007EMERGENCY BRAKE•Action on the cabin’s emergencyequipment (push buttons)•Fast venting of the BPthrough a big hole(ø= 25mm)June 2007EMERGENCY BRAKE•Emergency brakingdone by the safety equipmentJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •Spring applied /pressure released type •Under the RA controlJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •The parking brake ventingJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •The parking brake ventingJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •The parking brake isolatingJune 2007Isolation •Parking brake isolationJune 2007•Parking brake isolationJune 2007Isolation •Direct brake isolationJune 2007•Direct brake isolationJune 2007•Brake cylinder isolationJune 2007•Brake cylinder isolationJune 2007Isolation •EUROTROL / CG isolating module (master / slave)June 2007•Eurotrol isolationJune 2007Isolation •Distributor / MP isolationJune 2007Isolation •Distributor / BP isolationJune 2007•MP/CG isolationJune 2007BRAKE PANEL •June 2007BRAKE PANEL •June 2007BRAKE PANEL (prototype)•June 2007。
LOCO CHINEBRAKE SYSTEMHXD2 LocomotivesJune 2007General data of the locomotiveNormal service : 2 locomotives coupled togetherLocomotive 1 : master(generator of BP pressure active)Locomotive 2 : slave(generator of BP pressure no active)June 2007Type of brakes•Pneumatic friction brake•Electro-dynamic brake•Automatic parkingbrakeThe pneumatic friction brake is controlled by the driver’s brake valve (Eurotrol).June 2007Brake systemsDual brake pipe modes•Passengers (brake pipe 6 bar)•Freight (brake pipe 5 bar )Dual brake modes•Gradual control•Direct mode releaseJune 2007Brake commandsJune 2007LOCOTROL System•Multiple unit control system, installed on all units (leading & remote)•All traction and braking commands on the leading locomotive are transmitted to the others through the LOCOTROL systemJune 2007June 2007•Generic hardware & software platform called Gemini II •Controls the pneumatic equipment of the Eurotrol •Interfaced through :– A FIP bus to the train computer– A RS422 link to the LOCOTROL•Based on :–Time dependent inputs from the indirect brake manipulator –Brake demand from LOCOTROL systemBCUBCUJune 2007Brake system •dcwvJune 2007Brake system •Block schemeJune 2007June 2007•Receives its input from the BCU •Modulates the BP pressure–Calculates the internal pressure valve RE–Activates the control valves in a closed loop to obtain the desired pilotpressure REEUROTROLEUROTROL •First brake step pressureJune 2007EUROTROL •Brake applicationJune 2007EUROTROL •Brake releaseJune 2007EUROTROL •Stabilisation after braking or releasingJune 2007EUROTROL •Quick releaseJune 2007EUROTROL •Emergency brakeJune 2007EUROTROL •NeutralisationJune 2007June 2007•One distributor valve group per locomotive •This module :–Realises the automatic pneumatic brake,–Distributes air in the RADistributor valve group•Distributor SW4 G/P mode •Operation mode lever (management of BP reference pressure) :–M (freight) position : P BP = 500kPa–V (passenger) position : P BP = 600kPa•2 release modes : gradual & direct release ( RB(IS)RC cock position )June 2007•Cock RB(IS)RC open (switch closed)•Carried out in large flow (manipulator in GD position)•Only if P BP > 300kPa •If VV(RT)RC detectsa ΔP > 20kPabetween BP & R(T)↘RC discharge itselfinside BP↘The distributor is able to release the brake more quickly Direct release modeBrake releaseDirect release mode Brake releaseJune 2007Direct release mode Brake applicationJune 2007•Cock RB(IS)RC closed (switch open)Gradual release mode Brake applicationJune 2007LOCO CHINE DJ4Gradual release modeBrake releaseJune 2007HXD2 LocomotiveBrake releaseFor dynamic brake applicationJune 2007DIRECT BRAKEmanipulator•Controlled by the BCU onrequest of the LOCOTROLsystem, on the remotelocomotiveJune 2007DIRECT BRAKE •Brake applicationJune 2007DIRECT BRAKE •Release positionJune 2007DIRECT BRAKE •Brake cylinder pressure maintainingJune 2007HXD2 LocomotiveEMERGENCY BRAKE•Venting of the RE pilot pressure& of the brake pipeJune 2007EMERGENCY BRAKE•Action on the cabin’s emergencyequipment (push buttons)•Fast venting of the BPthrough a big hole(ø= 25mm)June 2007EMERGENCY BRAKE•Emergency brakingdone by the safety equipmentJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •Spring applied /pressure released type •Under the RA controlJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •The parking brake ventingJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •The parking brake ventingJune 2007PARKING BRAKE •The parking brake isolatingJune 2007Isolation •Parking brake isolationJune 2007•Parking brake isolationJune 2007Isolation •Direct brake isolationJune 2007•Direct brake isolationJune 2007•Brake cylinder isolationJune 2007•Brake cylinder isolationJune 2007Isolation •EUROTROL / CG isolating module (master / slave)June 2007•Eurotrol isolationJune 2007Isolation •Distributor / MP isolationJune 2007Isolation •Distributor / BP isolationJune 2007•MP/CG isolationJune 2007BRAKE PANEL •June 2007BRAKE PANEL •June 2007BRAKE PANEL (prototype)•June 2007。
