遗传染色体常见异常报告中英文翻译
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染色体畸变类型和对应英文缩写
以下是染色体畸变类型及其对应的英文缩写:
1. 三体综合症(Down Syndrome,DS):是最常见的染色体畸变现象之一,发生机率随着母亲年龄增长而增加。
这种畸变的主要表现是智力低下、生长迟缓和特征性面容。
2. 爱德华综合症(Edwards Syndrome,ES):是一种比较罕见的染色体畸变,发生率约为每10000个活产婴儿中1-2个。
这种畸变表现为精神发育迟缓、生长缓慢、先天性心脏病等特征。
3. 唐氏综合症(Patau Syndrome,PS):是一种罕见的染色体畸变,发生率约为每10000个活产婴儿中1个。
该症状的表现包括重度智力障碍、脑发育异常、面部畸形等。
4. 克莱因费尔特综合症(Cri-du-chat Syndrome,CDCS):是一种罕见的染色体畸变,发生率约为每50000个活产婴儿中1个。
该症状的表现包括高胎盘、智力障碍、微小头颅、短阔手指等。
5. 伦-费尼-卢卡综合症(Turner Syndrome,TS):是一种仅影响女性的染色体畸变,发生率约为每2000个女性中1个。
该症状的表现包括生长缓慢、生殖系统发育异常、智力略低等。
6. 超敏性X染色体综合症(Fragile X Syndrome,FXS):是继唐氏综
合症后第二常见的遗传性智力障碍疾病,在男性和女性都可能出现。
该症状的表现包括智力低下、自闭症倾向、特殊的面部特征等。
以上是染色体畸变类型及其对应的英文缩写,每种病症都有其特定的表现和发生概率,需要注意。
染色体检查报告单
染色体检查报告单
姓名:XXX 性别:男年龄:35岁
检查日期:2021年1月1日
检查项目:染色体核型分析
检查结果:
核型异常:无
染色体异常:无
检查说明:
经过详细的染色体核型分析,发现患者的染色体结构及数量都处于正常范围内,没有发现任何异常情况。
该结果说明患者的染色体遗传信息无异常,无明显遗传病风险。
染色体检查是一种重要的遗传学检查方法,对于明确染色体异常、遗传性疾病等方面具有重要的意义。
本次检查结果显示患者的染色体核型正常,属于正常范围内,没有发现任何染色体异常。
染色体数目和结构异常是一种常见的染色体异常,如唐氏综合症、爱德华综合症等常见的染色体疾病,都与染色体数目异常有关。
在核型分析中,染色体的数目和结构被精确地检测和分析,以确保准确的诊断结果。
通过对患者血液中的白细胞进行核型分析,我们能够清楚地观察到染色体的结构和数量,从而判断是否存在染色体异常。
在本次检查中,我们对至少20个有形染色体进行了细致的观察和分析,结果显示所有的染色体都处于正常范围内,没有发现任何异常。
虽然本次检查结果显示患者的染色体核型正常,但并不能排除所有遗传性疾病的风险。
染色体异常是多种遗传性疾病的重要因素之一,但并非所有遗传性疾病都与染色体异常有关。
在面对可能存在的遗传疾病风险时,建议患者进行更加全面的遗传咨询和检查,以获得更准确的评估结果。
以上为本次染色体核型分析的检查结果和说明,如果有任何疑问,请及时咨询医生。
染色体结构异常是指染色体在形态、结构或数量上出现异常的情况。
这些异常可能会导致遗传信息的改变,进而引发一系列遗传性疾病或发育异常。
下面是一些常见的染色体结构异常及其解释:
缺失(Deletion):染色体上的一部分基因序列缺失或丢失。
这可能导致缺失区域的基因无法正常表达,从而影响相关功能。
倒位(Inversion):染色体上的一部分区域发生颠倒,即翻转。
这种结构异常通常不引起明显的临床表现,但在某些情况下可能会导致染色体不稳定或基因表达异常。
转座(Translocation):染色体间的片段交换或移动。
这种异常可以是在同一染色体上的内部转座,也可以是在不同染色体间的互换转座。
转座异常可能会导致基因重排和功能异常。
倍体(Polyploidy):染色体数量超过正常的倍数。
最常见的例子是三倍体(3n)或四倍体(4n)。
多数情况下,多倍体会导致胚胎的死亡或不发育。
染色体数目异常(Aneuploidy):染色体数量的异常,即缺失或增加染色体的个数。
最典型的例子是唐氏综合征,即21号染色体三体性(trisomy 21),由于存在额外的21号染色体而导致发育和智力障碍。
染色体报告怎么看
染色体报告是通过对染色体的核型分析得出的结果,其中包含了染色体的数量、结构和异常情况等信息。
下面是染色体报告的一般解读步骤:
1. 核型正常与否:首先查看报告中标明的核型结果,正常的核型结果一般为46,XX(女性)或46,XY(男性),表示染色体数目正常。
如果核型结果为非正常的染色体数目,可能存在染色体异常。
2. 染色体结构:报告中可能还会标注染色体的结构情况,如倒位(inversion)、转位(translocation)、增加(duplication)
和缺失(deletion)等。
这些结构变异可能会导致遗传疾病或
不孕不育等问题。
3. 染色体异常:报告中还会详细列出染色体的异常情况,如染色体缺失、重复、断裂、环形染色体等。
这些异常可能会导致先天性缺陷、智力障碍和其他遗传性疾病。
4. 染色体编号:报告中可能还会提供染色体的具体编号,如1
号染色体、2号染色体等,对于具体研究某个染色体区域的变
异有重要意义。
最重要的是,染色体报告应由专业的遗传学家或医生进行解读,并结合个人临床情况进行综合判断和咨询。
如果对染色体报告结果有任何疑问,应及时与专业医生进行沟通和解答。
遗传算法中英文对照外文翻译文献遗传算法中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Improved Genetic Algorithm and Its Performance AnalysisAbstract: Although genetic algorithm has become very famous with its global searching, parallel computing, better robustness, and not needing differential information during evolution. However, it also has some demerits, such as slow convergence speed. In this paper, based on several general theorems, an improved genetic algorithm using variant chromosome length and probability of crossover and mutation is proposed, and its main idea is as follows : at the beginning of evolution, our solution with shorter length chromosome and higher probability of crossover and mutation; and at the vicinity of global optimum, with longer length chromosome and lower probability of crossover and mutation. Finally, testing with some critical functions shows that our solution can improve the convergence speed of genetic algorithm significantly , its comprehensive performance is better than that of the genetic algorithm which only reserves the best individual.Genetic algorithm is an adaptive searching technique based on a selection and reproduction mechanism found in the natural evolution process, and it was pioneered by Holland in the 1970s. It has become very famous with its global searching,________________________________ 遗传算法中英文对照外文翻译文献 ________________________________ parallel computing, better robustness, and not needing differential information during evolution. However, it also has some demerits, such as poor local searching, premature converging, as well as slow convergence speed. In recent years, these problems have been studied.In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm with variant chromosome length andvariant probability is proposed. Testing with some critical functions shows that it can improve the convergence speed significantly, and its comprehensive performance is better than that of the genetic algorithm which only reserves the best individual.In section 1, our new approach is proposed. Through optimization examples, insection 2, the efficiency of our algorithm is compared with the genetic algorithm which only reserves the best individual. And section 3 gives out the conclusions. Finally, some proofs of relative theorems are collected and presented in appendix.1 Description of the algorithm1.1 Some theoremsBefore proposing our approach, we give out some general theorems (see appendix)as follows: Let us assume there is just one variable (multivariable can be divided into many sections, one section for one variable) x £ [ a, b ] , x £ R, and chromosome length with binary encoding is 1.Theorem 1 Minimal resolution of chromosome isb 一 a2l — 1Theorem 3 Mathematical expectation Ec(x) of chromosome searching stepwith one-point crossover iswhere Pc is the probability of crossover.Theorem 4 Mathematical expectation Em ( x ) of chromosome searching step with bit mutation isE m ( x ) = ( b- a) P m 遗传算法中英文对照外文翻译文献Theorem 2 wi = 2l -1 2 i -1 Weight value of the ith bit of chromosome is(i = 1,2,・・・l )E *)= P c1.2 Mechanism of algorithmDuring evolutionary process, we presume that value domains of variable are fixed, and the probability of crossover is a constant, so from Theorem 1 and 3, we know that the longer chromosome length is, the smaller searching step of chromosome, and the higher resolution; and vice versa. Meanwhile, crossover probability is in direct proportion to searching step. From Theorem 4, changing the length of chromosome does not affect searching step of mutation, while mutation probability is also in direct proportion to searching step.At the beginning of evolution, shorter length chromosome( can be too shorter, otherwise it is harmful to population diversity ) and higher probability of crossover and mutation increases searching step, which can carry out greater domain searching, and avoid falling into local optimum. While at the vicinity of global optimum, longer length chromosome and lower probability of crossover and mutation will decrease searching step, and longer length chromosome also improves resolution of mutation, which avoid wandering near the global optimum, and speeds up algorithm converging.Finally, it should be pointed out that chromosome length changing keeps individual fitness unchanged, hence it does not affect select ion ( with roulette wheel selection) .2.3 Description of the algorithmOwing to basic genetic algorithm not converging on the global optimum, while the genetic algorithm which reserves the best individual at current generation can, our approach adopts this policy. During evolutionary process, we track cumulative average of individual average fitness up to current generation. It is written as1 X G x(t)= G f vg (t)t=1where G is the current evolutionary generation, 'avg is individual average fitness.When the cumulative average fitness increases to k times ( k> 1, k £ R) of initial individual average fitness, we change chromosome length to m times ( m is a positive integer ) of itself , and reduce probability of crossover and mutation, which_______________________________ 遗传算法中英文对照外文翻译文献________________________________can improve individual resolution and reduce searching step, and speed up algorithm converging. The procedure is as follows:Step 1 Initialize population, and calculate individual average fitness f avg0, and set change parameter flag. Flag equal to 1.Step 2 Based on reserving the best individual of current generation, carry out selection, regeneration, crossover and mutation, and calculate cumulative average of individual average fitness up to current generation 'avg ;f avgStep 3 If f vgg0 三k and Flag equals 1, increase chromosome length to m times of itself, and reduce probability of crossover and mutation, and set Flag equal to 0; otherwise continue evolving.Step 4 If end condition is satisfied, stop; otherwise go to Step 2.2 Test and analysisWe adopt the following two critical functions to test our approach, and compare it with the genetic algorithm which only reserves the best individual:sin 2 弋 x2 + y2 - 0.5 [1 + 0.01( 2 + y 2)]x, y G [-5,5]f (x, y) = 4 - (x2 + 2y2 - 0.3cos(3n x) - 0.4cos(4n y))x, y G [-1,1]22. 1 Analysis of convergenceDuring function testing, we carry out the following policies: roulette wheel select ion, one point crossover, bit mutation, and the size of population is 60, l is chromosome length, Pc and Pm are the probability of crossover and mutation respectively. And we randomly select four genetic algorithms reserving best individual with various fixed chromosome length and probability of crossover and mutation to compare with our approach. Tab. 1 gives the average converging generation in 100 tests.In our approach, we adopt initial parameter l0= 10, Pc0= 0.3, Pm0= 0.1 and k= 1.2, when changing parameter condition is satisfied, we adjust parameters to l= 30, Pc= 0.1, Pm= 0.01.From Tab. 1, we know that our approach improves convergence speed of genetic algorithm significantly and it accords with above analysis.2.2 Analysis of online and offline performanceQuantitative evaluation methods of genetic algorithm are proposed by Dejong, including online and offline performance. The former tests dynamic performance; and the latter evaluates convergence performance. To better analyze online and offline performance of testing function, w e multiply fitness of each individual by 10, and we give a curve of 4 000 and 1 000 generations for fl and f2, respectively.(a) onlineFig. 1 Online and offline performance of fl(a) online (b) onlineFig. 2 Online and offline performance of f2From Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, we know that online performance of our approach is just little worse than that of the fourth case, but it is much better than that of the second, third and fifth case, whose online performances are nearly the same. At the same time, offline performance of our approach is better than that of other four cases.3 ConclusionIn this paper, based on some general theorems, an improved genetic algorithmusing variant chromosome length and probability of crossover and mutation is proposed. Testing with some critical functions shows that it can improve convergence speed of genetic algorithm significantly, and its comprehensive performance is better than that of the genetic algorithm which only reserves the best individual.AppendixWith the supposed conditions of section 1, we know that the validation of Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 are obvious.Theorem 3 Mathematical expectation Ec(x) of chromosome searching step with one point crossover isb - a PEc(x) = 21 cwhere Pc is the probability of crossover.Proof As shown in Fig. A1, we assume that crossover happens on the kth locus, i. e. parent,s locus from k to l do not change, and genes on the locus from 1 to k are exchanged.During crossover, change probability of genes on the locus from 1 to k is 2 (“1” to “0” or “0” to “1”). So, after crossover, mathematical expectation of chromosome searching step on locus from 1 to k is1 chromosome is equal, namely l Pc. Therefore, after crossover, mathematical expectation of chromosome searching step isE (x ) = T 1 -• P • E (x ) c l c ckk =1Substituting Eq. ( A1) into Eq. ( A2) , we obtain 尸 11 b - a p b - a p • (b - a ) 1 E (x ) = T • P • — •• (2k -1) = 7c • • [(2z -1) ― l ] = ——— (1 一 )c l c 2 21 — 121 21 — 1 21 21 —1 k =1 lb - a _where l is large,-——-口 0, so E (x ) 口 -——P2l — 1 c 21 c 遗传算法中英文对照外文翻译文献 厂 / 、 T 1 T 1 b — a - 1E (x )="—w ="一• ---------- • 2 j -1 二 •ck2 j 2 21 -1 2j =1 j =1 Furthermore, probability of taking • (2k -1) place crossover on each locus ofFig. A1 One point crossoverTheorem 4 Mathematical expectation E m(")of chromosome searching step with bit mutation E m (x)—(b a)* P m, where Pm is the probability of mutation.Proof Mutation probability of genes on each locus of chromosome is equal, say Pm, therefore, mathematical expectation of mutation searching step is一i i - b —a b b- aE (x) = P w = P•—a«2i-1 = P•—a q2,-1)= (b- a) •m m i m 21 -1 m 2 i -1 mi=1 i=1一种新的改进遗传算法及其性能分析摘要:虽然遗传算法以其全局搜索、并行计算、更好的健壮性以及在进化过程中不需要求导而著称,但是它仍然有一定的缺陷,比如收敛速度慢。
染色体微阵列检测报告
姓名:
性别:
出生日期:
检验日期:
送检单位:
临床诊断:
样本编号:
检验方法:
本检验采用Affymetrix CytoScan HD芯片进行染色体微阵列检测。
检验结果:
本次检测结果显示患者存在染色体异常,具体如下:
1. 13q31.3-q3
2.1区域缺失,大小为14.9 Mb,涉及基因296个;
2. Xp22.33-p22.31区域多余,大小为6.2 Mb,涉及基因2063个。
以上异常均已被报道为与智力障碍、发育迟缓等疾病相关的基
因区域。
结论:
根据本次染色体微阵列检测结果,患者存在13q31.3-q32.1区域缺失和Xp22.33-p22.31区域多余,建议结合临床表现综合分析,
制定相应的诊疗方案。
附语:
1. 本报告仅供临床医生参考,不得作为临床诊断的唯一依据;
2. 本报告数据仅供一次使用,未经本公司同意,不得进行复制、转载、传播等行为。
常用遗传学中英文词汇近端着丝粒染色体(Acrocentric chromosome)--着丝粒靠近染色体端部的染色体。
加和原则(Additivity principle)--如果两个事件相互排斥,那么获得其中一个或另一个的概率为它们的各自概率之和。
等位基因(Allele)--在一既定基因座上一个基因的替换形式。
等位基因特异性寡核苷酸(Allele-specific oligonucleotide,ASO)--设计合成的寡核苷酸,可在适当条件下与特异序列杂交而不与其相关的序列杂交。
用针对每个等位基因序列设计的ASO甚至可容易地检出单个核苷酸的变异。
在几种设计相似、用来区分密切相关等位基因的方法中,ASO还可用作PCR引物。
等位基因异质性(Allelic heterogeneity)--在同一遗传基因座上,由不同的突变等位基因引起的相同或相似的表型。
α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-Antitrypsin)--是抑制弹性蛋白酶活性的一种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,该抑制剂的缺乏(如α1-抗胰蛋白酶不足)将导致严重的慢性肺和肝脏疾病。
Alu重复序列(Alu repetitive sequence)--位于基因间或内含子DNA中的中等重复序列,含有限制性内切酶AluⅠ的识别位点,这些序列长约300bp,并在人类基因组中重复出现约500,000次。
羊膜穿刺术(Amniocentesis)--一种产前诊断的方法,通常在妊娠4至6月抽取羊膜囊内婴儿四周的羊水进行。
扩增(Amplification)--一段DNA序列多个拷贝的产生。
非整倍体(Aneuploid)--指单倍体非整倍数的任何染色体数目。
通常非整倍体是指单条染色体的额外拷贝(三体性),或缺少单条染色体(单体性)。
由减数分裂或有丝分裂过程中染色体不分离所致。
早现遗传(Anticipation)--指一种遗传性疾病在较早年龄发病或在连续后代中严重程度增加。
DNA反义链(Antisense strand of DNA)--指DNA双链中的非编码链,它与mRNA互补,是mRNA合成的模板。
遗传学Genitics :研究生物界遗传变异的生物现象的科学遗传病inherited disease :指遗传物质发生突变所引起的疾病先天性疾病congenital disease :指婴儿出生时即显示出临床性状的疾病家族性疾病familial disease :指有家族聚集现象的一类疾病染色体病chromosome disorders :生殖细胞和受精卵早期发育过程中出现了差错,表现为先天发育异常单基因病monogenic disorders :单个基因突变所致,按照单纯的孟德尔方式遗传,主要发生在新生儿和幼儿阶段多基因病poly-genic disorders :由遗传因素和环境因素所致,包括一些先天性发育异常和一些常见病。
有家族聚集现象,但无单基因病那样明显的家系传递格局线粒体病mitochondrial genetic disorders :线粒体染色体上基因突变所致,通常影响神经和肌肉的能量产生,在细胞衰老中起作用,母系方式遗传体细胞遗传病somatic cell genetic disorders :只在特定的体细胞中发生,例如肿瘤,其恶性表型的发展通常是控制细胞生长的基因发生突变所致细胞遗传学cytogenetics :用形态学的方法研究人类染色体的结构,异常(或畸变)的类型,发生频率以及其与疾病的关系基因组genome :有机体全部DNA序列,是基因和非基因的DNA序列的总和核型karyotype :将一个体细胞的全套染色体根据相对恒定形态特征,依次分组排列形成的图像染色体显带技术chromosome ban di ng : 用特定的染料和处理技术,来使染色体出现深浅或明暗带纹以鉴别染色体的技术(四种方法:显示QGRC带)染色体畸变chromosome aberration :指染色体数目和结构上的改变数目畸变numerical aberration :以二倍体为标准,若出现染色体数目单条,多条或成倍增减称为染色体数目畸变结构畸变structural aberration :指染色体发生断裂和再结合而形成各种重组的结果整倍体euploid :细胞的染色体数目以n为基数成倍增加,称为整倍体核内复制endoreduplication :—次细胞分裂时,染色体不是复制一次,而是复制两次,因此每个染色体形成四条染色体,又称双倍染色体核内有丝分裂endomitosis :在细胞分裂时,染色体正常复制一次,至分裂中期时,核膜仍未破裂,消失,无纺锤丝形成无后期胞质分离超二倍体hyperdiploid :指一个细胞中染色体的数目增加了一个或数个亚二倍体hypodiploid :指一个细胞中染色体的数目减少了一个或数个假二倍体pseudodiploid :只某对染色体减少一个,同时另一对染色体增加一个,染色体的数目保持不变嵌合体mosaic :—个个体内同时有两种或两种以上不同核型的细胞系重复duplicati on :指同源染色体中的一条断裂后,其断片连接到另一条同源染色体的相应部位,结果导致一条同源染色体的部分基因重复,相应的另一条同源染色体部分缺失倒位inversion :染色体发生两处断裂后,中间的断片倒转后重接易位translocation :染色体的节段位置发生改变,即一条染色体断裂后片段接到同一条染色体的另一处或另一条染色体上罗伯逊易位Robertsonian translocation :是一种涉及两条近段着丝粒的染色体的易位类型,其断裂发生在着丝粒部位或着丝粒附近位置,整个染色体臂发生了相互易位,形成两个中着丝粒染色体,其中由染色体短臂形成的小染色体往往丢失环形染色体ring chromosome :由于断裂发生在染色体两臂远端,随后这两臂的断裂端彼此黏着形成环形结构等臂染色体isochromosome :着丝粒发生横裂,形成两条只具有长臂或只具有短臂的染色体亲代印迹parental imprinting :同一基因来自父方或母方而有不同的遗传性状表现,这是由于基因在生殖细胞分化过程中受到不同程度的修饰的结果外显率penetranee :指一群具有某种致病基因的人中,出现相应病理表现型的人数百分比表现度expressivity :指基因表达的程度,大致相当于临床严重程度,分为重型,中型,轻型和顿挫型顿挫型forme frust :当一种畸形疾病或综合征的表现极为轻微而无临床意义时,称为顿挫型基因多效性pleiotropy : 一个或一对突变基因产生的多种继发效应限性遗传sex-limited inheritanee :常染色体致病基因的表达仅限于一种性别受累者偏性遗传sex- in flue need in herita nee :虽非伴性遗传的疾病,但在两性中的表达其程度和频率均有不同亲缘系数kin ship coefficie nt :只有共同祖先的两个人在某一位点上具有同一基因的频率近亲婚配consanguineous :指两个配偶在三代以内曾有共同的祖先遗传异质性genetic heterogeneity :有些临床症状相似的疾病,可有不同的遗传基础遗传早现genetic anticipation :有些遗传病在世代传递过程中有发病年龄逐渐超前和病情症状逐渐加剧的现象拟表型phe no copy :环境因素引起的疾病模拟了由遗传决定的表现型易感性susceptibility :由遗传素质决定一个个体得多基因遗传病的风险易患性liability :—个个体由遗传素质和环境条件共同作用所决定得多基因遗传病的风险阈值threshold :由易患性所导致的多基因遗传病的最低发病限度遗传度heritability :在多基因疾病中,易患性高低受遗传因素和环境因素双重影响,其中由遗传因素在决定多基因遗传病表现型中所起的作用大小称为遗传度杂合子优势heterozygote advantage :在某些隐性遗传病中,在特定的条件下杂合子可能比正常纯合子个体更有利于生存和繁衍后代遗传漂变genetic drift :小群体或隔离的人群中,基因频率的随机波动称为遗传漂变移码突变frame-shift mutation :插入或缺失的碱基不是三的倍数,造成突变部位以后的密码子均要发生改变,导致移码突变标记染色体marker chromosome :染色体的畸变与某种疾病有特定的联系,则这种畸变的染色体就成为标记染色体临症诊断symptomatic diagnosis :指在遗传病的临床症状出现后所作的诊断出生前诊断prenatal diagnosis :是以羊膜穿刺和绒毛膜取样术为主要手段,对羊水,羊水细胞及绒毛膜进行遗传学分析,以判断胎儿的染色体或基因等是否正常原发性预防primary prevention :异常基因型出现以前所作的预防,一般通过遗传咨询的方法继发性预防secondary prevention :带有某种致病基因的个体在出现临床表现之前所作的预防,如出生前筛查,新生儿筛查,携带者检出等。
A 腺嘌呤(adenine)abortive transduction 流产转导:转导的DNA片段末端掺入到受体的染色体中,在后代中丢失。
acentric chromosome 端着丝粒染色体:染色体的着丝粒在最末端。
Achondroplasia 软骨发育不全:人类的一种常染色体显性遗传病,表型为四肢粗短,鞍鼻,腰椎前凸。
acrocetric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体:着丝粒位于染色体末端附近。
active site 活性位点:蛋白质结构中具有生物活性的结构域。
adapation 适应:在进化中一些生物的可遗传性状发生改变,使其在一定的环境能更好地生存和繁殖。
adenine 腺嘌呤:在DNA中和胸腺嘧啶配对的碱基。
albino 白化体:一种常染色体隐性遗传突变。
动物或人的皮肤及毛发呈白色,主要因为在黑色素合成过程中,控制合成酪氨酸酶的基因发生突变所致。
allele 等位基因:一个座位上的基因所具有的几种不同形式之一。
allelic frequencies (one frequencies)在群体中存在于所有个体中某一个座位上等位基因的频率。
allelic exclusion 等位排斥:杂合状态的免疫球蛋白基因座位中,只有一个基因因重排而得以表达,其等位基因不再重排而无活性。
allopolyploicly 异源多倍体:多倍体的生物中有一套或多套染色体来源于不同物种。
Ames test 埃姆斯测验法:Bruce Ames 于1970年人用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(大鼠)肝微粒体法来检测某些物质是否有诱变作用。
amino acids 氨基酸:是构成蛋白质的基本单位,自然界中存在20种不同的氨基酸。
aminoacyl-tRNA 氨基酰- tRNA:tRNA的氨基臂上结合有相应的氨基酸,并将氨基酸运转到核糖体上合成蛋白质。
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨基酰- tRNA合成酶:催化一个特定的tRNA结合到相应的tRNA分子上。
常见染色体报告的解读
染色体报告是一种通过检查染色体结构和数量的方法,用于诊断和评
估染色体异常和遗传性疾病的方法。
下面是染色体报告常见的解读:
1.染色体数目正常:正常人的染色体数目为46,其中有两对性染色
体(性别决定染色体)和22对常染色体。
染色体数目正常的报告意味着
患者没有明显的染色体数目异常。
2.染色体数目异常:染色体数目异常是指患者的染色体数目不正常,
比如染色体数目增加(如47、48个染色体)或减少(如45、44个染色体)。
这种异常可能导致染色体疾病,如唐氏综合征(三体综合征)和爱
德华兹综合征(18号染色体三体综合征)等。
3.结构异常:染色体结构异常是指染色体的部分区域发生改变,如染
色体上的片段缺失、重复、倒位或转位等。
这种异常可能导致遗传性疾病
或不孕症等问题。
4.染色体畸形:染色体畸形是指染色体的形态异常,如染色体的长度、臂长比例和着丝点位置等发生改变。
常见的染色体畸形包括“V”形染色体、“Y”形染色体和环染色体等。
染色体畸形可能与一些遗传性疾病有关。
5.染色体重排:染色体重排是指染色体内部的片段发生重组,导致染
色体上的基因顺序改变。
常见的染色体重排类型包括平衡易位、倒位和倒
位易位等。
染色体重排可能与一些遗传性疾病有关,但染色体结构正常。
6. 染色体异常检测:染色体报告通常还会提供染色体异常的检测结果,如滴壶白血病基因(BCR-ABL)融合基因的检测、Philadelphia染色
体的检测等。
这些异常可能与特定类型的癌症或遗传疾病有关。
基因变异报告技术的术语及解读1. Variant: A variant refers to a specific change or alteration in a gene's DNA sequence. It can be a single nucleotide substitution, an insertion or deletion of nucleotides, or a larger structural rearrangement.中文回答:1. 变异体: 变异体指的是基因的DNA序列中的具体变化或改变。
它可以是单个核苷酸的替代,核苷酸的插入或删除,或更大的结构重排。
英文回答:2. Mutation: A mutation refers to a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. It can be caused by various factors, such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens, or inherited genetic abnormalities.中文回答:2. 突变: 突变指的是基因的DNA序列的永久性改变。
它可以由多种因素引起,例如DNA复制过程中的错误,暴露于诱变剂,或遗传性基因异常。
英文回答:3. SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism): A SNP is a variation in a single nucleotide at a specific position in the DNA sequence. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation, and they can be used as markers for studying genetic traits and diseases.中文回答:3. SNP(单核苷酸多态性): SNP是指在DNA序列中特定位置的单个核苷酸的变异。
绪论及单基因病1、单基因遗传病(monogenic disorders)2、常染色体显性遗传病(autosomal dominant inheritancedisease,AD病)3、完全显性遗传(complete dominant inheritance)4、不完全显性遗传(incomplete domina inheritance)5、共显性遗传(codominant inheritance)6、条件显性遗传(conditional dominant inheritance)7、延迟显性遗传(delayed dominant inheritance)8、常染色体隐性遗传病(autosomal recessive inheritance disease, AR 病)9、X-连锁隐性遗传病(X-linked recessive inheritance disease, XR病)10、交叉遗传(criss-corss inheritance)11、X-连锁显性遗传病(X-linked dominant inheritance,XD病)12、Y-连锁遗传病(Y-linked inherifance disease)13、医学遗传学(Medical Genetics)14、多基因遗传病(Polygenic disorder)生化遗传1、血红蛋白病(hemoglobinopathy disease)2、融合基因(fusion gene)3、镰状细胞贫血(sickle cell anemia,Hb S病)4、分子病(molecular disease)肿瘤遗传1.新生物neoplasm2.癌家族cancer family3.家族性癌familial cancer4.遗传性肿瘤hereditary tumor5.视网膜母细胞瘤retinoblastoma6.着色性干皮病xeroderma pigmentosum7.干系stem line8.众数modal number9.旁系side line10.癌基因oncogene11.生长因子growth factor12.信息转导蛋白single transduction protein13.蛋白激酶protein kinase14.核内转录因子transcription factor15.原癌基因proto oncogene16.肿瘤抑制基因tumor suppressor gene17.抗癌基因anti-oncogene18.隐性癌基因recessive oncogene19.肿瘤转移基因tumor metastatic gene20.肿瘤转移抑制基因tumor metastatic suppressor gene多基因遗传病1.多基因遗传病Polygenic disorder2.数量性状quantitative character3.质量性状qualitative character4.多基因假说polygenehypothesis群体遗传学1.群体遗传学populationgenetics2.群体population3.遗传平衡定律law of genetic equilibrium4.基因突变gene mutation5.自然选择natural selection染色体病1、染色体chromosome2、染色单体chromatid3、着丝粒centromere4、主缢痕primary constriction5、次缢痕secondary constriction6、随体satellite7、端粒telomere8、核型karyotype9、核型分析karyotype analysis10、常染色体autosome11、性染色体sex chromosome12、带型banding pattern13、染色体畸变(chromosomal aberration)14、整倍体(euploid)15、双雄受精(diandry) 双雌受精(digyny)16、超二倍体(hyperdiploid) 亚二倍体(hypodiploid)17、单体型(monosomy) 三体型(trisomy) 多体型(ploysomy):18、减数分裂染色体不分离(meiotic non-disjunction)19、后期延迟(anaphase lag)20、嵌合体(mosaic) 衍生染色体(derivative chromosome):21、缺失(deletion,del) 部分单体型(partial monosomy) 末端缺失(terminal deletion)22、中间缺失(interstitial deletion) 环状染色体(ring chromosome,r)23、重复(duplication,dup)——部分三体型(partial trisomy)24、倒位(inversion,inv) 臂内倒位(paracentric inversion) 臂间倒位(pericentric inversion)25、易位(translocation,t) 相互易位(reciprocal translocation) 罗伯逊易位(robertsonian translocation)26、等臂染色体(isochromosome,i)27、先天愚形(21三体综合征,Down syndrome)28、18三体综合征(Edwards syndrome)29、13三体综合征(Patau syndrome)30、5p-综合征(猫叫综合征,Cri-du-chat syndrome)31、先天性睾丸发育不全综合征(Klinefelter syndrome,克氏综合症)。
医学英语(下)重点单词和句子翻译unit1hemoglobin血红蛋白polycythemia红血球增多症hypertrophy肥大,过度增大atrophy萎缩mutate改变,使突变anomaly异常,不规则congenitaldefect先天性缺陷lesion损害,机能障碍infectiousagent传染剂pathogenesis发病原diagnosis诊断prognosis预后autopsy尸体解剖heredity遗传hemophilia血友病syndrome综合征alcoholism 酗酒anemia 贫血pregnancy怀孕delivery 分娩,交付leukemia白血病malnutrition营养不良hyperactivethyroid活跃甲状腺hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进mongolism先天愚型urinalysis尿分析physician内科医生surgeon外科医生remission缓解relapse复发complication并发症pneumonia肺炎sequela后遗症paralysis麻痹polio 小儿麻痹fallopiantubes输卵管alleviate减轻masterpiece 杰作defective有缺陷的deficient不足的concurrent并发的respectively分别地utilize利用perceive察觉terminal末端,晚期的severity严重fracture破裂prostate前列腺transmit传输,遗传trigger引发,触发protrude 突出,伸出counteract抵消,中和prescribe开处方,规定exacerbate使加剧aggravate恶化,加重resemble类似subside平息,沉淀onset开始,着手confinedto只限于compensate补偿,赔偿traumatize使。
染色体异常的缩写及符号
在遗传学中,染色体异常是指染色体的数目或结构发生改变,导致个体的基因组与正常人不同。
为了方便描述染色体异常,科学家们设计了一套缩写和符号表示方法。
1. 染色体数目异常的表示方法
染色体数目异常通常用“n”表示染色体数目,其后跟随一个数字表示具体的染色体数目。
例如,人类正常情况下有 46 条染色体,如果某个人体内有 45 条染色体,则可以用“n=45”来表示。
2. 染色体结构异常的表示方法
染色体结构异常通常用符号来表示。
以下是一些常见的染色体结构异常及其对应的符号:
- 缺失 (deletion):用“del”表示
- 重复 (duplication):用“dup”表示
- 倒位 (inversion):用“inv”表示
- 易位 (translocation):用“t(X;Y)”表示,其中 X 和 Y 表示易位的两条染色体
3. 常见染色体异常类型及其符号表示
以下是一些常见的染色体异常类型及其对应的符号表示:
- 唐氏综合征 (Down syndrome):用“DS”表示,其特征是染色体 21 三体性,即有三条 21 号染色体。
- 猫叫综合征 (Cri du chat syndrome):用“CdCS”表示,其特征是染色体 5 缺失一部分。
- 性染色体异常:包括克氏综合征 (Klinefelter syndrome,男性多一个 X 染色体,用“XXY”表示) 和特纳综合征 (Turner syndrome,女性缺少一个 X 染色体,用“XO”表示)。
总结起来,用于描述染色体异常的缩写及符号非常重要,能够简洁明了地表示染色体异常的类型和特征。
中英文对照的分子育种相关名词3'untranslated region (3'UTR) 3'非翻译区5'untranslated region (5; UTR) 5'非翻译区A chromosome A 染色体AATAAA 多腺苷酸化信号aberration 崎变abiogenesis 非生源说accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory nucleus 副核accessory protein 辅助蛋白accident variance 偶然变异Ac-Ds system Ac-Ds 系统acentric chromosome 无着丝粒染色体acentric fragment 无着丝粒片段acentric ring 无着丝粒环achromatin 非染色质acquired character 获得性状acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体acrosyndesis 端部联会activating transcription factor 转录激活因子activator 激活剂activator element 激活单元activator protein( AP)激活蛋白activator-dissociation system Ac-Ds 激活解离系统active chromatin 活性染色质active site 活性部位adaptation 适应adaptive peak 适应高峰adaptive surface 适应面addition 附加物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive effect 加性效应additive gene 加性基因additive genetic variance 加性遗传方差additive recombination 插人重组additive resistance 累加抗性adenosine 腺昔adenosine diphosphate (ADP )腺昔二鱗酸adenosine triphosphate( ATP)腺昔三憐酸adjacent segregation 相邻分离A-form DNA A 型DNAakinetic chromosome 无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment 无着丝粒片断alien addition monosomic 外源单体生物alien chromosome substitution 外源染色体代换alien species 外源种alien-addition cell hybrid 异源附加细胞杂种alkylating agent 焼化剂allele 等位基因allele center 等位基因中心allele linkage analysis 等位基因连锁分析allele specific oligonucleotide(ASO)等位基因特异的寡核苷酸allelic complement 等位(基因)互补allelic diversity 等位(基因)多样化allelic exclusion 等位基因排斥allelic inactivation 等位(基因)失活allelic interaction 等位(基因)相互作用allelic recombination 等位(基因)重组allelic replacement 等位(基因)置换allelic series 等位(基因)系列allelic variation 等位(基因)变异allelism 等位性allelotype 等位(基因)型allohaploid 异源单倍体allopatric speciation 异域种alloploidy 异源倍性allopolyhaploid 异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid 异源多倍体allosyndesis 异源联会allotetraploid 异源四倍体alloheteroploid 异源异倍体alternation of generation 世代交替alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation 可变转录起始Alu repetitive sequence, Alu family Alu 重复序列,Alu 家族ambiguous codon 多义密码子ambisense genome 双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义RNAaminoacyl-tRNA binding site氨酰基tRNA接合位点aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨酰基tRNA连接酶amixis 无融合amorph 无效等位基因amphipolyploid 双多倍体amplicon 扩增子amplification 扩增amplification primer 扩增引物analysis of variance 方差分析anaphase (分裂)后期anaphase bridge (分裂)后期桥anchor cell 锚状细胞androgamete 雄配子aneuhaploid 非整倍单倍体aneuploid 非整倍体animal genetics 动物遗传学annealing 复性antibody 抗体anticoding strand 反编码链anticodon 反密码子anticodon arm 反密码子臂anticodon loop 反密码子环antiparallel 反向平行antirepressor 抗阻抑物antisense RNA 反义RNAantisense strand 反义链apogamogony 无融合结实apogamy 无配子生殖apomixis 无融合生殖arm ratio (染色体)臂比artificial gene人工基因artificial selection 人工选择asexual hybridization 无性杂交asexual propagation 无性繁殖asexual reproduction 无性生殖assortative mating 选型交配asynapsis 不联会asynaptic gene 不联会基因atavism 返祖atelocentric chromosome 非端着丝粒染色体attached X chromosome 并连X 染色体attachment site 附着位点attenuation 衰减attenuator 衰减子autarchic gene 自效基因auto-alloploid 同源异源体autoallopolyploid 同源异源多倍体autobivalent 同源二阶染色体auto-diploid 同源二倍体;自体融合二倍体autodiploidization 同源二倍化autoduplication 自体复制autogenesis自然发生autogenomatic 同源染色体组autoheteroploidy 同源异倍性autonomous transposable element 自主转座单元autonomously replicating sequence(ARS)自主复制序列autoparthenogenesis 自发单性生殖autopolyhaploid 同源多倍单倍体autopolyploid 同源多倍体autoradiogram 放射自显影图autosyndetic pairing 同源配对autotetraploid 同源四倍体autozygote 同合子auxotroph 营养缺陷体B chromosome B 染色体B1,first backcross generation 回交第一代B2,second backcross generation 回交第二代back mutation 回复突变backcross 回交backcross hybrid 回交杂种backcross parent 回交亲本backcross ratio 回交比率background genotype 背景基因型bacterial artification chromosome( BAC )细菌人工染色体Bacterial genetics 细菌遗传学Bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced lethal 平衡致死balanced lethal gene 平衡致死基因balanced linkage 平衡连锁balanced load 平衡负荷balanced polymorphism 平衡多态现象balanced rearrangements 平衡重组balanced tertiary trisomic 平衡三级三体balanced translocation 平衡异位balancing selection 平衡选择band analysis 谱带分析banding pattern (染色体)带型basal transcription apparatus 基础转录装置base analog 碱基类似物base analogue 类減基base content 减基含量base exchange 碱基交换base pairing mistake 碱基配对错误base pairing rules 碱基配对法则base substitution 减基置换base transition 减基转换base transversion 减基颠换base-pair region 碱基配对区base-pair substitution 碱基配对替换basic number of chromosome 染色体基数behavioral genetics 行为遗传学behavioral isolation 行为隔离bidirectional replication 双向复制bimodal distribution 双峰分布binary fission 二分裂binding protein 结合蛋白binding site 结合部位binucleate phase 双核期biochemical genetics 生化遗传学biochemical mutant 生化突变体biochemical polymorphism 生化多态性bioethics 生物伦理学biogenesis 生源说bioinformatics 生物信息学biological diversity 生物多样性biometrical genetics 生物统计遗传学(简称生统遗传学) bisexual reproduction 两性生殖bisexuality 两性现象bivalent 二价体blending inheritance 混合遗传blot transfer apparatus 印迹转移装置blotting membrane 印迹膜bottle neck effect 瓶颈效应branch migration 分支迁移breed variety 品种breeding 育种,培育;繁殖,生育breeding by crossing 杂交育种法breeding by separation 分隔育种法breeding coefficient 繁殖率breeding habit 繁殖习性breeding migration 生殖回游,繁殖回游breeding period 生殖期breeding place 繁殖地breeding population 繁殖种群breeding potential繁殖能力,育种潜能breeding range 繁殖幅度breeding season 繁殖季节breeding size 繁殖个体数breeding system 繁殖系统breeding true 纯育breeding value 育种值broad heritability 广义遗传率bulk selection 集团选择C0,acentric 无着丝粒的Cl,monocentric 单着丝粒C2, dicentric双着丝粒的C3,tricentric 三着丝粒的candidate gene 候选基因candidate-gene approach 候选基因法Canpbenmodel坎贝尔模型carytype染色体组型,核型catabolite activator protein 分解活化蛋白catabolite repression 分解代谢产物阻遏catastrophism 灾变说cell clone 细胞克隆cell cycle 细胞周期cell determination 细胞决定cell division 细胞分裂cell division cycle gene(CDC gene) 细胞分裂周期基因ceU division lag细胞分裂延迟cell fate 细胞命运cell fusion 细胞融合cell genetics 细胞的遗传学cell hybridization 细胞杂交cell sorter细胞分类器cell strain 细胞株cell-cell communication 细胞间通信center of variation 变异中心centimorgan(cM) 厘摩central dogma 中心法则central tendency 集中趋势centromere DNA 着丝粒DNAcentromere interference 着丝粒干扰centromere 着丝粒centromeric exchange ( CME)着丝粒交换centromeric inactivation 着丝粒失活centromeric sequence( CEN sequence)中心粒序列character divergence 性状趋异chemical genetics 化学遗传学chemigenomics 化学基因组学chiasma centralization 交叉中化chiasma terminalization 交叉端化chimera异源嵌合体Chi-square (x2) test 卡方检验chondriogene 线粒体基因chorionic villus sampling 绒毛膜取样chromatid abemition染色单体畸变chromatid break染色单体断裂chromatid bridge 染色单体桥chromatid interchange 染色单体互换chromatid interference 染色单体干涉chromatid tetrad 四分染色单体chromatid translocation 染色单体异位chromatin agglutination 染色质凝聚chromosomal aberration 染色体崎变chromosomal assignment 染色体定位chromosomal banding 染色体显带chromosomal disorder 染色体病chromosomal elimination 染色体消减chromosomal inheritance 染色体遗传chromosomal interference 染色体干扰chromosomal location 染色体定位chromosomal locus 染色体位点chromosomal mutation 染色体突变chromosomal pattern 染色体型chromosomal polymorphism 染色体多态性chromosomal rearrangement 染色体质量排chromosomal reproduction 染色体增殖chromosomal RNA 染色体RNA chromosomal shift 染色体变迁,染色体移位chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome arm 染色体臂chromosome banding pattern 染色体带型chromosome behavior 染色体动态chromosome blotting 染色体印迹chromosome breakage 染色体断裂chromosome bridge 染色体桥chromosome coiling 染色体螺旋chromosome condensation 染色体浓缩chromosome constriction 染色体缢痕chromosome cycle 染色体周期chromosome damage 染色体损伤chromosome deletion 染色体缺失chromosome disjunction 染色体分离chromosome doubling 染色体加倍chromosome duplication 染色体复制chromosome elimination染色体丢失chromosome engineering 染色体工程chromosome evolution 染色体进化chromosome exchange 染色体交换chromosome fusion 染色体融合chromosome gap 染色体间隙chromosome hopping 染色体跳移chromosome interchange 染色体交换chromosome interference 染色体干涉chromosome jumping 染色体跳查chromosome knob 染色体结chromosome loop 染色体环chromosome lose染色体丢失chromosome map 染色体图chromosome mapping 染色体作图chromosome matrix 染色体基质chromosome mutation染色体突变chromosome non-disjunction染色体不分离chromosome paring染色体配对chromosome polymorphism 染色体多态性chromosome puff染色体疏松chromosome rearrangement染色体质量排chromosome reduplication 染色体再加倍chromosome repeat染色体质量叠chromosome scaffold 染色体支架chromosome segregation 染色体分离chromosome set 染色体组chromosome stickiness染色体粘性chromosome theory of heredity 染色体遗传学说chromosome theory of inheritance 染色体遗传学说chromosome thread 染色体丝chromosome walking 染色体步查chromosome-mediated gene transfer 染色体中介基因转移chromosomology 染色体学CIB method CIB法;性连锁致死突变出现频率检测法circular DNA 环林DNAcis conformation 顺式构象cis dominance 顺式显性cis-heterogenote顺式杂基因子cis-regulatory element 顺式调节兀件cis-trans test 顺反测验cladogram 进化树cloning vector 克隆载体C-meiosis C减数分裂C-metaphase C 中期C-mitosis C有丝分裂code degeneracy 密码简并coding capacity 编码容量coding ratio 密码比coding recognition site 密码识别位置coding region 编码区coding sequence 编码序列coding site 编码位置coding strand 密码链coding triplet 编码三联体codominance 共显性codon bias 密码子偏倚codon type 密码子型coefficient of consanguinity 近亲系数coefficient of genetic determination 遗传决定系数coefficient of hybridity 杂种系数coefficient of inbreeding 近交系数coefficient of migration 迁移系数coefficient of relationship 亲缘系数coefficient of variability 变异系数coevolution 协同进化coinducer 协诱导物cold sensitive mutant 冷敏感突变体colineartiy 共线性combining ability 配合力comparative genomics 比较基因组学competence 感受态competent cell感受态细胞competing groups 竞争类群competition advantage 竞争优势competitive exclusion principle 竞争排斥原理complementary DNA (cDNA)互补DNA complementary gene 互补基因complementation test 互补测验complete linkage 完全连锁complete selection 完全选择complotype 补体单元型composite transposon 复合转座子conditional gene 条件基因conditional lethal 条件致死conditional mutation 条件突变consanguinity 近亲consensus sequence 共有序列conservative transposition 保守转座constitutive heterochromatin 组成型染色质continuous variation 连续变异convergent evolution 趋同进化cooperativity 协同性coordinately controlled genes 协同控制基因core promoter element 核心启动子core sequence 核心序列co-repressor协阻抑物correlation coefficient相关系数cosegregation 共分离cosuppression 共抑制cotranfection 共转染cotranscript共转录物cotranscriptional processing共转录过程cotransduction 共转导cotransformation 共转化cotranslational secrection 共翻译分泌counterselection 反选择coupling phase 互引相covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)共价闭合环状DNA covariation 相关变异criss-cross inheritance 交叉遗传cross 杂交crossability 杂交性crossbred 杂种cross-campatibility 杂交亲和性cioss-infertility 杂交不育性crossing over 交换crossing-over map 交换图crossing-over value 交换值crossover products 交换产物crossover rates 交换率crossover reducer 交换抑制因子crossover suppressor 交换抑制因子crossover unit 交换单位crossover value 值crossover-type gamete 交换型配子C-value paradox C 值悖论cybrid 胞质杂种cyclin 细胞周期蛋白cytidme 胞苷cytochimera 细胞嵌合体cytogenetics 细胞遗传学cytohet 胞质杂合子cytologic 细胞学的cytological map 细胞学图cytoplasm细胞质cytoplasmic genome 胞质基因组cytoplasmic heredity 细胞质遗传cytqplasmic incompatibility 细胞质不亲和性cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传cytoplasmic male sterility 细胞质雄性不育cytoplasmic mutation 细胞质突变cytofdasmic segregation 细胞质分离cytoskeleton 细胞骨架Darwin 达尔文Darwinian fitness 达尔文适合度Darwinism 达尔文学说daughter cell 子细胞daughter chromatid 子染色体daughter chromosome 子染色体deformylase 去甲酰酶degenerate code 简并密码degenerate primer 简并引物degenerate sequence 简并序列degenerated codon 简并密码子degeneration 退化degree of dominance 显性度delayed inheritance 延迟遗传deletant 缺失体deletion 缺失deletion loop 缺失环deletion mapping 缺失作图deletion mutation 缺失突变denatured DNA 变性DNA denatured protein 变性蛋白denaturing gel 变性胶denaturing gel electrophoresis 变性凝胶电泳denaturing gradient polyacrylamide gel 变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心density gradient separation 密度梯度分离deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶derived line 衍生系derived type 衍生类型developmental genetics 发育遗传学developmental pathway 发育途径dicentric bridge 双粒染色体桥dicentric chromosome 双着丝粒染色体differential staining technique 显带技术differentiation center 分化中心dihaploid 双单倍体,dihybrid 双因子杂种dihybrid cross 双因子杂交dimorphism 二态性diploidization 二倍化diploidize 二倍化diploidized haploid 二倍化的单倍体direct cross 正交direct repeat 同向重复(序列)direct selection 正选择directed mutagenesis 正向突变discontinuous variation 不连续变异distant hybrid 远缘杂种distant hybridization 远缘杂交diversity center 多样性中心diversity curve 多样性曲线diversity gene ( D gene) D 基因diversity indices 多样性指数diversity of species 种的多样性diversity region ( D region) D 区;多变区DNA alkylation DNA 烧化DNA amplification DNA 扩增DNA amplification in vitro DNA 体外扩增DNA amplification polymorphism DNA 扩增多态性DNA breakage DNA 断裂DNA database DNA 数据库DNA degradation DNA 降解DNA denaturation DNA 变性DNA detection DNA 检测DNA distortion DNA 变形DNA duplex DNA 双链体DNA duplicase DNA 复合酶DNA element DNA 单元DNA evolution DNA 进化DNA fingerprint DNA 指纹DNA fingerprinting DNA 指纹分析DNA homology DNA 同源性DNA hybridization DNA 杂交DNA jumping technique DNA 跳查技术DNA melting DNA 解链DNA methylation DNA 甲基化DNA modification DNA 修饰DNA modification restriction system DNA 修饰限制系统DNA nicking DNA 切口形成DNA oxidation DNA 氧化DNA packaging DNA 包装DNA pairing DNA 配对DNA pitch DNA 螺距DNA polymorphism DNA 多态性DNA probe DNA 探针DNA puff DNA 泡DNA purification DNA 纯化DNA recombination DNA 重组DNA redundant 多余DNADNA repair DNA 修复DNA replication DNA 复制DNA replication enhancer DNA 复制增强子DNA replication origin DNA 复制起点DNA replication site DNA 复制点DNA sealase DNA 连接酶DNA sequence analysis DNA 序列分析DNA sizing gene DNA大小决定基因DNA strand exchange DNA 链交换DNA strand separation DNA 链分离DNA strand transfer protein DNA 链转移蛋白DNA template DNA 模板DNA thermal cycler DNA 热循环仪DNA topoisomerase DNA 拓扑异构酶DNA transcript DNA 转录物DNA transposon DNA 转座子DNA twist DNA 扭曲DNA typing DNA 分型DNA untwisting DNA 解旋DNA unwinding enzyme DNA 解旋酶DNA unwinding protein DNA 解旋蛋白DNA-agar technique DNA 琼脂技术DNAase I footprinting DNA 酶I 足迹法DNAase-free reagent 无DNA 酶试剂DNA-binding domain DNA 结合域DNA-binding motif DNA 结合基序DNA-binding protein DNA 结合蛋白DNA-polymerase DNA 聚合酶DNA-protein complex DNA -蛋白质复合体DNA-protein interaction DNA _ 蛋白质相互作用DNA-restriction enzyme DNA 限制酶DNA-RNA hybrid DNA-RNA 杂交体DNase-free 不含DNA 酶的dominance 显性dominance type 优势型dominance variance 显性方差dominant allele 显性等位基因dominant effect 显性效应dominant gene 显性基因dominant gene mutation 显'性基因突变dominant lethal 显性致死dominant phenotype 显性表型donor DNA 供体DNAdonor organism 供体生物dosage compensation 剂量补偿作用dotting blotting 点溃法double crossing over 双交换double fertilization 汉受精duplicate genes 重复基因duplication重复duplicon 重复子dyad 二分体dynamic selection 动态选择ecological genetics 生态遗传学ecological isolation 生态隔离ecological niche 生态小境ectopic expression 异位表达ectopic integration 异位整合effective population size 有效群体大小embryoid 胚状体embryonic stem cells( ES cells)胚胎干细胞endocrine signal 内分泌信号endogamy 近亲繁殖endomitosis 核内有丝分裂endonuclease 内切核酸酶endopolyploidy 核内多倍体environment 环境environmental variance 环境方差environmental variation 环境变异epigenesis 后成说epigenetic inheritance 后生遗传epigenetically silenced 后生沉默episome 附加体epistasis 上位性epistatic dominance 超显性epistatic gene 上位基因equal segregation 均等分离equational division 均等分裂equilibrium population 平衡群体Expressed Sequence Tag(EST)表达序列标签euchromatin 常染色质euchromatin常染色质eugenics 优生学euhaploid 整单倍体eukaryote 真核生物eukaryotic chromosome 真核染色体eukaryotic cell 真核细胞eukaryotic organism 真核生物eukaryotic vector 真核载体euphenics 优型学euploid 整倍体evolutional load 进化负荷evolutionary divergence 进化趋异evolutionary genetics 进化遗传学evolutionaiy rate 进化速率excision repair 切除修复exconjugant 接合后体excretion vector 分泌型载体exit site 萌发点exogenote 外基因子exogenous gene 外源基因exonuclease 外切核酸酶expression cloning 表达克隆expression library 表达文库expression mutation 表达突变expression plasmid 表达质粒expression product 表达产物expression screening 表达筛选extinguisher loci 消失基因座,灭绝基因座extirpated species 绝迹种extrachromosomal inheritance 染色体外遗传extra-chromosome超数染色体,额外染色体extranuclear inheritance 核外遗传F1 generation F1代,子一代F2 generation F2 代,子二代facultative heterochromatin 兼性异染色质familial trait 家族性状family selection 家系选择feedback suppression 反馈抑制female gamete 雌配子fertility factor 致育因子filial generation 子代fingerprint 指纹finite population 有限群体first division segregation 第一次分裂分离first division segregation pattern 第一次分裂分离模式flanking sequence 侧翼序列flow cytometry 流式细胞仪fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH )荧光原位杂交fluorescent primer 荧光引物fluorescent probe 荧光探针formyl methionine (fMet)甲酰甲硫氨酸foot printing 足迹法foreign DNA 外源DNAforward genetics 正向遗传学forward mutation 正向突变forward primer 正向引物founder effect 建立者效应four strand double crossing over 四线双交换full-sib 全同胞functional genomics 功能基因组学functional RNA 功能RNAgain-of-function mutation 功能获得性突变gamete 配子gametic 配子的gametic incompatibility 配子不亲和性gametic lethal 配子致死gametic linkage 配子连锁gametic meiosis 配子减数分裂gametic ratio 配子分离比gametoclonal variation 配子无性系变异gametophyte 配子体G-band G带;中期染色体带GC box GC 框GC tailing GC 加尾gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳gemetic sterility 配子不育gene activation 基因激活gene activity 基因活性gene amplification 基因扩增gene analysis 基因分析gene arrangement 基因排列gene balance 基因平衡gene basis 基因基础gene batteries 基因群gene block 基因区段gene carrier 基因携带者gene center theory 基因中心学说gene cluster 基因簇gene combination 基因重组gene complex 基因复合体gene content 基因含量gene conversion 基因转换gene distribution 基因分布gene diversity 基因多样性gene dosage 基因剂量gene dosage compensation 基因剂量补偿gene dosage effect 基因剂量效应gene duplication 基因重复gene element 基因元件gene exchange 基因交流gene expression 基因表达gene expression system 基因表达系统gene family 基因家族gene fixation 基因固定gene flow 基因流gene frequency 基因频率gene fusion 基因融合gene inactivation 基因失活gene inoculation 基因接种gene interaction 基因相互作用gene isolation 基因分离gene knockout 基因敲除gene knock-out 基因失效法gene linkage 基因连锁gene localization 基因定位gene location 基因位置gene locus 基因位点gene magnification 基因扩增gene manipulation 基因操作gene map 基因图谱gene mapping 基因作图gene multiplication 基因重复gene mutation 基因突变gene mutation rate 基因突变频率gene order 基因次序gene organization 基因组构gene pool 基因库gene position effect 基因位置效应gene probe 基因探针gene product 基因产物gene rearrangement 某因重排gene reassortment 基因重新配对gene replication 基因复制gene repression 基因抑制gene resortment 基因重配gene silencing 基因沉默gene splicing 基因剪接gene string 基因线gene structure 基因结构gene substitute 基因置换gene substitution 基因置换gene suppression 基因抑制gene synthesis 基因合成gene tagged 基因标签gene tagging 基因标签gene targeting 基因导向,基因寻靶gene transfer 基因转移gene transfer agent 基因传递因子gene transfer vector 基因转移载体gene transposition 基因转座genealogical classification 系谱分类genera 属general transcription factor ( GTF )通用转录因子generalized transduction 普遍性转导generation 世代generative cell 生殖细胞generative reproduction 有性繁殖generic coefficient 种属系数generic cross 属间杂交generic name 属名genes in common 共同基因gene-specific transcription factor 基因特异性转录因子genetic ablation 基因缺损genetic advance 遗传进度genetic algebra 遗传代数genetic analysis 遗传分析genetic background 遗传背景genetic balance 遗传平衡genetic block 遗传性阻碍genetic compensation 遗传补偿genetic complementation 遗传互补genetic composition 遗传组成genetic continuity 遗传连续性genetic control 遗传控制genetic covariance 遗传协方差genetic cross 杂交genetic database 遗传数据库genetic death 遗传性死亡genetic deficiency 遗传缺损genetic deformity 基因变型genetic determinant 遗传决定因子genetic dimorphism 遗传二型现象genetic distance 遗传距离genetic divergence 遗传趋异genetic diversity 遗传多样性genetic dominance 遗传优势genetic donor 基因供体genetic drift 遗传漂变genetic element遗传因子,遗传成分genetic engineering 遗传工程genetic equilibrium 遗传平衡genetic erosion 遗传冲刷,遗传蚀变genetic expression 遗传表达genetic extinction 遗传灭绝genetic facilitation 遗传促进作用genetic factor 遗传因子genetic feedback 遗传反馈genetic fingerprint 遗传指纹genetic fingerprinting 遗传指纹分析genetic fitness 遗传适合度genetic flexibility 遗传可塑性genetic gain 遗传获得量genetic heterogeneity 遗传异质性genetic homology 遗传同源genetic immunity 遗传免疫genetic imprinting 遗传印记genetic inertia 遗传惰性genetic information 遗传信息genetic inoculation 基因接种genetic instability 遗传不稳定性genetic continuity 遗传连续性genetic control 遗传控制genetic covariance 遗传协方差genetic cross 杂交genetic database 遗传数据库genetic death 遗传性死亡genetic deficiency 遗传缺损genetic deformity 基因变型genetic determinant 遗传决定因子genetic dimorphism 遗传二型现象genetic distance 遗传距离genetic divergence 遗传趋异genetic diversity 遗传多样性genetic dominance 遗传优势genetic donor 基因供体genetic drift 遗传漂变genetic element遗传因子,遗传成分genetic engineering 遗传工程genetic equilibrium 遗传平衡genetic erosion 遗传冲刷,遗传蚀变genetic expression 遗传表达genetic extinction 遗传灭绝genetic facilitation 遗传促进作用genetic factor 遗传因子genetic feedback 遗传反馈genetic fingerprint 遗传指纹genetic fingerprinting 遗传指纹分析genetic fitness 遗传适合度genetic flexibility 遗传可塑性genetic gain 遗传获得量genetic heterogeneity 遗传异质性genetic homology 遗传同源genetic immunity 遗传免疫genetic imprinting 遗传印记genetic inertia 遗传惰性genetic information 遗传信息genetic inoculation 基因接种genetic instability 遗传不稳定性genetic interaction 遗传相互作用genetic isolating factor 遗传隔离因子genetic isolation 遗传隔离genetic knock-out experiment 基因失效试验genetic linkage 遗传连锁genetic linkage map 遗传连锁图谱genetic load 遗传负荷genetic manipulation 遗传操作genetic map 遗传图谱genetic mapping 遗传作图genetic marker 遗传标记genetic masking 基因组掩饰genetic material 遗传物质genetic mobilization 遗传转移genetic modification 遗传修饰genetic module 遗传组件genetic nomenclature 遗传命名法genetic parameter 遗传参数genetic polarity 遗传极性genetic polymorphism 遗传多样性genetic population 遗传群体genetic potential 遗传潜力genetic process 遗传过程genetic property 遗传特'性genetic ratio 遗传比genetic reactivation 遗传复活genetic reassortment 遗传重排genetic recipient 基因受体genetic recombination 遗传重组genetic regulation 遗传调节genetic relationship 亲缘关系genetic repair mechanism 遗传修复机制genetic replication 遗传复制genetic risk 遗传危险性genetic screening 遗传筛查genetic segregation 遗传分离genetic selection 遗传选择genetic sex 遗传性别genetic shift 遗传漂移genetic stability 遗传稳定性genetic sterility 遗传性不育genetic strain 遗传品系genetic suppression 遗传抑制genetic switch 遗传开关genetic system 遗传体系genetic transcription 遗传转录genetic transformation 遗传转换genetic translation 遗传翻译genetic transmission 遗传传递genetic typing 遗传分型genetic unit 遗传单位genetic value 遗传值genetic variability 遗传变异性genetic variance 遗传方差genetic vulnerability 遗传易损性genetic“hot spot” 遗传“热点”genetical marker 遗传标记genetical non-disjunction 遗传不分离genetical population 遗传群体genetically heterogeneous 遗传异质的genetically modified organism 基因修饰生物genetics correction 遗传修正genetics of resistance 抗性遗传genetype 基因型genic balance 基因平衡genome allopolyploid 基因组异质多倍体genome amplification 基因组扩增genome evolution 基因组进化genome mapping 基因组作图genome project 基因组计划genome rearrangement 基因组重排genome sequencing 基因组测序genomic exclusion 基因组排斥genomic fingerprinting 基因组指纹分析genomic footprinting 基因组足迹分析genomic imprinting 基因组印记genomic instability 基因组不稳定性genomic library 基因组文库genomic walking 基因组步查genotypic frequency 基因型频率genotypic ratio 基因型比值genotypic value 基因型值genotypic variance 基因型方差geographic speciation 地理型新种形成geographical isolation 地理隔离geographical polymorphism 地理多态现象germ layer 胚层germ line 种系germ nucleus 生殖核germ plasm 种质germinal mutation 生殖细胞突变germ-line gene therapy 种系基因治疗giant chromosome 巨型染色体global homology 总体同源性global region 全局调节子globular protein 球蛋白group selection 集团选择growth factor 生长因子GT-AG rule mRNA剪接识别信号规则gynandromorphy 雌雄嵌合体hairpin loop 发夹环hairpin structure 发夹结构half life 半寿期half sib mating 半同胞交配haplogenotypic 单倍基因型的haploid 单倍体haploidization 单倍体化haplotype 单元型hapostatic gene 下位基因Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 哈迪-温伯格平衡heat shock gene 热激基因heat sock protein 热激蛋白heavy chain 重链helical structure 螺旋结构。
检验报告英文翻译①免疫球蛋白G immunoglobulin G (Ig G)免疫球蛋白A immunoglobulin A (Ig A)免疫球蛋白M immunoglobulin M (Ig M)补体C3complementC3补体C4complementC3C反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)KAP轻链KAP light chainLAM轻链LAM light chainK轻链/L轻链KAP light chain/LAM light chain血β2微球蛋白β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)②巨细胞病毒IgM抗体GMVIgM单纯疱疹病毒1/2型IgM抗体herpes simplex virus IgM (HSV1/2IgM)风疹病毒IgM抗体rubella virus IgM (rv-IgM)弓形体抗体IgM TOXO IgM微小病毒B19IgM抗体microvirus B19IgM微小病毒IgG抗体microvirus IgG antibody巨细胞病毒IgG抗体Cytomegalovirus IgG antibody(GMV IgG)单纯疱疹病毒1/2型IgG抗体herpes simplex virusIgG (HSV1/2IgG)风疹病毒IgG抗体Rubella virus IgG antibody弓形体抗体IgG TOXO IgG③腺病毒Adenovims (ADV)呼吸道合胞病毒IgM抗体Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgM(RSV-IgM)Q热立克次体Q fever rickettsia甲型流感病毒IgM抗体Influenza a virus IgM antibody乙型流感病毒IgM抗体Influenza b virus IgM antibody副流感病毒IgM抗体Parainfluenza IgM antibody支原体IgM抗体Mycoplasma IgM antibody衣原体IgM抗体Chlamydia IgM antibody嗜肺军团菌血清型抗体Eosinophilic lung legionella serotype antibodies ④抗EB病毒衣壳抗原CA抗体IgM EB virus capsid antigen CA IgM antibody抗EB病毒衣壳抗原CA抗体IgG EB virus capsid antigen CA IgG antibody抗EB病毒早期抗原EA-D抗体Ig Early against EB virus antigen antibody Ig EA - D 抗EB病毒抗原NA-1抗体Ig G EB virus antigen antibody Ig NA - 1 G抗EB病毒抗体IgG高亲和力EB virus antibody IgG high affinity 抗EB病毒抗体IgG低亲和力EB virus antibody IgG low affinity ⑤CD3+淋巴细胞计数CD3 + lymphocyte countCD3+CD8+/CD3+CD3+CD8+淋巴细胞计数CD3 + CD8 + lymphocytes countCD3+CD4+/CD3+CD3+CD4+淋巴细胞计数CD3 + CD4 + lymphocytes countCD3+CD4+CD8+/CD3+CD3+CD4+CD8+淋巴细胞计数CD3+CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes countCD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+BUN/CR⑧红细胞red blood cel(RBC)白细胞white blood cel(WBC)血红蛋白含量hemoglobin红细胞压积HCT( hematokrit)平均红细胞体积mean corpuscular volume(MCV)平均RBC血红蛋白含量The average RBC hemoglobin content 平均RBC血红蛋白浓度The average RBC hemoglobin concentration 血小板计数blood platelet count(PLT)血小板平均体积mean platelet volume(MPV)血小板体积分布宽度Platelet distribution width血小板比积platelet hematocrit中性粒细胞数NEUT淋巴细胞数lymphocyte count单核细胞数monocytes嗜酸细胞数Acidophil number嗜碱细胞数absolute basophil count中性粒细胞百分比neutrophilic granulocyte percentage淋巴细胞百分比LY单核细胞百分比MO嗜酸细胞百分比Acidophilic cell percentage嗜碱细胞百分比Basophilic cell percentage红细胞分布广度-SD Red blood cell distribution width - SD红细胞分布广度-CV Red blood cell distribution width - CV血小板容积platelet volume⑨α-L-岩藻糖苷酶测定Alpha L - fucus glycosidase determination 阴离子间隙anion gap(AG)腺苷脱氨酶测定adenosine deaminase血清胆碱酯酶测定CHE渗透压osmotic pressure超敏C反应蛋白测定hs-CRP血清胱抑素Cystatin血视黄醇结合蛋白Serum retinol binding protein总胆红素total bilirubin直接胆红素direct bilirubin间接胆红素indirect bilirubin总蛋白测定total protein白蛋白测定albumin球蛋白globulin白球比谷丙转氨酶glutamic-pyruvic transaminase谷草转氨酶glutamic oxalacetic transaminase谷草比谷丙γ-谷氨酰转肽酶Gamma GGTP (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase)碱性磷酸酶AKP尿素氮urea nitrogen肌酐creatinineBUN/CR尿酸UA( Uric Acid)酸性磷酸酶acid phosphatase( ACP)空腹血糖FBG( fasting blood-glucose)果糖胺fructosamine高密度脂蛋白胆固醇high density lipoprotein cholesterol( hdl-c)总胆固醇total cholesterol低密度脂蛋白胆固醇low density lipoprotein cholesterin甘油三酯triglyceride脂蛋白a lipoprotein A肌酸激酶CK( creatine kinase)肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB乳酸脱氢酶lactic dehydrogenaseα-羟丁酸脱氢酶alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase HBDH/LDH钾K钠Na氯Cl总二氧化碳total carbon dioxide无机磷inorganic phosphorus镁Mg总胆汁酸total bile acid。
外周血:(Peripheral blood):外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果为男性核型,没有发现染色体数目或结构有明显的异常。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and no obvious anomalies were found on chromosome number or structure.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果为女性核型,没有发现染色体数目或结构有明显的异常。
The chromosome detection showed female karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and no obvious anomalies were found on chromosome number or structure.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示为男性核型,所分析的分裂相中均见Y染色体大于或等于18号染色体。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the phenomenon (Y chromosome ≥ chromosome 18) was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示为男性核型,所分析的分裂相中均见Y染色体小于或等于22号染色体。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the phenomenon(Y chromosome≤ chromosome22)was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示为男性核型,所分析的分裂相中均见Y染色体长臂异染色质区长度的增加。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the abnormal increase in length of Y chromosome heterochromatin was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示为男性核型,所分析的分裂相中均见Y染色体长臂异染色质区长度的减少。
建议做Y染色体微缺失分子检测。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the abnormal decrease in length of Y chromosome heterochromatin was found on all the analytical metaphase cells. It is recommended to do Y chromosome microdeletion detection.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相中均见一条16号染色体长臂异染色质区长度的增加及一条22号染色体随体柄长度的增加,属于染色体的多态性。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and increase in length of the heterochromatin on the long arm of a chromosome 16 and satellite stalk of a chromosome 22was found on all the analytical metaphase cells. It belonged to chromosome polymorphism.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相中均见一条13号染色体短臂的增加,属于染色体的多态性。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytesand increase in length of the short arm of a chromosome 13was found on all the analytical metaphase cells. It belonged to chromosome polymorphism.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相中均见一条14号染色体随体的增加,属于染色体的多态性。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and increase in length of the satellite of a chromosome 14was found on all the analytical metaphase cells. It belonged to chromosome polymorphism.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相中均见一条21号染色体着丝粒异染色质区长度的增加,属于染色体的多态性。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and increase in length of the heterochromatin on thecentromere of a chromosome 21was found on all the analytical metaphase cells. It belonged to chromosome polymorphism.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相中均见一条22号染色体短臂的减少。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and decrease in length of the short arm of a chromosome 22was found on all the analytical metaphase cells..外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相均呈45,X核型,提示Turner综合征。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and 45,X karyotype was found on all the analytical metaphase cells,indicating Turner syndrome.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示,所分析的分裂相均呈47条XXY核型,提示Klinefelter综合征。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and 47,XXY karyotype was found on all the analytical metaphase cells,indicating Klinefeltersyndrome.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果为女性核型,所分析的分裂相均存在一条1号和一条2号染色体相互易位。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and a reciprocal translocation between a chromosome 1 and a chromosome 2 was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果为男性核型,所分析的分裂相均存在一条3号染色体臂内倒位。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and aparacentric inversion of chromosome 3 was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果为男性核型,所分析的分裂相均存在一条4号染色体臂间倒位。
1号至22号染色体请分别用英文表达The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and apericentric inversion of chromosome 4 was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示为男性核型,所分析的分裂相中均见一条11号衍生染色体,由11号染色体和22号染色体易位形成。
The chromosome detection showed male karyotype by culturing the peripheral blood lymphocytes and a derivative chromosome 11 derived from a translocation between chromosome 11 and chromosome 22 was found on all the analytical metaphase cells.外周血细胞培养染色体检查结果显示为女性核型,所分析的分裂相中均见一条13号染色体和一条14号染色体发生罗伯逊易位。