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★ -ive （-ative, -sive） e.g. decisive (起决定作用的) productive(富有成效的，多产的) active appreciative (有欣赏力的，感激的) representative (有代表性的，代表的)
Tip ：-able 与-ive 两种构词方式有交叉
2) Abstract (抽象的)
n + -age/ -dom / -ery (-ry)/ -hood/ -ing /-ism /-ship ● wast(e) + age → wastage ● free + dom → freedom ● slave + ry → slavery ● child + hood → childhood ● farm + ing → farming ● terror + ism → terrorism (恐怖主义) ● sportsman + ship → sportsmanship
Thank You
2) Deverbal suffixes
★ -able (-ible) having three meanings 一、be able to do something. e.g. resistible (抵抗得住的，可抵抗的) permissible（可允许的，容许的） 二、be supposed to do something. e.g. supposable . 三、be worthy to do something . e.g. advisable （可取得，明智的）
4) Verbs suffixes
-ate, - en , -(i) fy, -ize (ise). e.g. origin + ate → originate (have …as origin) short + en → shorten （make sth short ） length + en → lengthen (make sth long ) beauty + ify → beautify modern + ize → modernize 尤其要注意-ify 这种构词方式，也 是先要经过一些变化再加-ify. 如： beautify. 以此类推。
2.Adjective suffixes
1) Denominal suffixes: -ed, -ful,-ish,-less, -like, ly, -y . e.g. develop + ed → developed (发达的) help + ful → helpful self + ish → selfish price + less → priceless (无价的) life + like → lifelike (栩栩如生的) friend + ly → friendly blood + y → bloody (流血的)
☆ Suffixes of this group added to verb stems to produce abstract nouns, denoting action, result, process, state, etc:-age, -al, -ance, -ence, -ation (-ition, -tion,-sion,-ion), -ing ,-ment. e.g. link + age → linkage dismiss + al → diamissal attend + ance → attendance exist + ence → existence build + ing → building
Suffixation
英教11301 万红芝
1.Noun suffixes
1) Denominal nouns Ⅰ.Concrete. 如：-eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let 等。 ★ profit + eer → profiteer ( person who makes unfairly large profits) ★ engine + er → engineer ★ host + ess → hostess ( female host) ★ cigar + ette → cigarette ★ book + let → booklet (small book)
的地方。如：appreciative 表“有欣赏力 的”，也表示一种能力。其他的也是如此。
3）Adverb suffixes
-ly, -ward (s), -wise . e.g. calm + ly → calmly natural + ly → naturally home + wards → homewards down + ward → downward clock + wise → clockwise (in the direction in which the hands of the clock move) other + wise → otherwise
Tip : 有的 adj 先要经过一定的变化，如上面
的 happy 变成其名词时先改 y 为i,jective suffixes
A small number of suffixes, when added to stems related to human beings or nationality Names, form words that can be used both as nouns and adjectives: -ese, -an, -ist. e.g. Chinese (中国人；中国的) Japanese（日本人；日本的） Australian (澳大利亚人；澳大利亚的) socialist （社会主义者；社会主义的） violist （中提琴演奏者） Tip ：请注意小提琴家这个单词的写法。
3) De- adjective nouns
form nouns . –ity, -ness. e.g. popular + ity → popularity
☆ Suffixes added to adjective stems to
productive + ity → productivity happy + ness → happiness large + ness → largeness
2）Deverbal nouns
☆ The following suffixes combine with verb stems to create largely nouns denoting people: -ant,-ent ,-ee, -er, or, so on. e.g. assist + ant → assistant respond + ent → respondent ( person who responds) train + ee → trainee employ + er → employer visit + or → visitor
