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第1篇摘要：本文以新西兰一起商场盗窃案为案例，分析了新西兰法律对盗窃罪的规定、犯罪构成要件以及刑罚标准。
通过对案例的深入剖析，旨在为我国法律工作者提供借鉴，并对新西兰法律体系进行了解。
一、案例背景2018年12月，新西兰某大型商场发生一起盗窃案。
犯罪嫌疑人李某（化名）趁商场顾客众多之际，采取隐蔽手段，将价值约2000新西兰元的商品盗走。
商场保安发现后，立即报警。
经过调查，李某对盗窃事实供认不讳。
法院依法审理后，对李某作出如下判决：判处有期徒刑一年，并处罚金2000新西兰元。
二、新西兰法律对盗窃罪的规定1. 定义：新西兰《刑法》第172条规定，盗窃是指非法占有他人财物的行为。
2. 犯罪构成要件：（1）主观方面：具有非法占有他人财物的故意；（2）客观方面：实施了非法占有他人财物的行为；（3）对象：他人财物；（4）时间：犯罪行为发生时。
3. 刑罚标准：新西兰《刑法》第172条规定，盗窃罪的刑罚为罚金、拘役或者有期徒刑。
具体刑罚标准如下：（1）盗窃金额不满1000新西兰元的，处罚金或者拘役；（2）盗窃金额1000新西兰元至5000新西兰元的，处罚金或者拘役，并可以判处有期徒刑；（3）盗窃金额5000新西兰元以上的，处罚金或者拘役，并可以判处有期徒刑。
三、案例分析1. 案例中，李某实施了非法占有他人财物的行为，符合新西兰《刑法》第172条关于盗窃罪的定义。
2. 从犯罪构成要件来看，李某具有非法占有他人财物的故意，实施了非法占有他人财物的行为，对象为他人财物，时间发生在犯罪行为发生时，符合新西兰《刑法》第172条关于盗窃罪的犯罪构成要件。
3. 案例中，李某盗窃的金额为2000新西兰元，根据新西兰《刑法》第172条关于盗窃罪的刑罚标准，李某应被判处罚金或者拘役，并可以判处有期徒刑。
四、结论通过对新西兰一起商场盗窃案的分析，可以看出新西兰法律对盗窃罪的规定较为严格。
在犯罪构成要件和刑罚标准方面，新西兰法律与国际法律接轨，体现了对财产犯罪的严厉打击。
论新西兰的法律渊源作者：刘璐来源：《法制与社会》2010年第11期摘要新西兰作为英联邦的成员国之一,从司法独立之日起便不断在探求其自身的法制系统。
本文通过对新西兰的法律系统的分析并着重探究了该国法律的渊源,向读者展示新西兰的法律现状并从相关层面了解英联邦独立国家的法律特点。
关键词宪政体制法律渊源判例法制定法中图分类号:D9612 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-0592(2010)04-005-02一、政法体制新西兰是拥有独立主权的君主立宪制的国家,是英联邦的成员国之一,由女王任命的总督作为女王代表行使职权。
新西兰的政府组织架构和当今大部分立宪民主国家的宪政体制一样,依据三权分立的原则而建立。
继承于英国「威斯敏斯特政府体制」的新西兰国会主要由国家元首以及众议院组成,其主要立法机关是众议院。
众议院所通过的法案必须经国家元首签署后才生效。
国会除了亲自行使此项权力外,它也可以委托其他如行政会议、政府各部会,以及地方机关等单位,代为行使其立法权,但上述单位不得逾越国会所赋予的立法权限。
针对变迁的社会经济条件,国会除了制定新法外,也对现行法规进行修正。
新西兰宪政体制之行政权主要由三个单位来行使:总理、内阁以及公共部门。
其主要任务有:制定公共政策、起草法案、以及执行法律。
和大部分内阁制国家一样,新西兰所有重要政府决策和立法提案皆来自内阁。
新西兰的司法部门包括两部分,司法部和各级法院。
司法部的主要任务除和其它政府部门共同合作打击国内外犯罪外,还有一项重要功能是提供政府相关的法务立法咨询。
法院系统的关系如下图所示:二、法律渊源新西兰法主要部分以英格兰法为基础(在1840年1月14日所适用的判例法和成文法尽可能适用于新西兰)。
从那时起,新西兰的法律主要来源就是新西兰议会通过颁布的新西兰法律法规和新西兰法院的司法判例。
在一个更根本的层面上,新西兰法律的基础是三个相关的原则是:议会主权;法治;和分权。
现今的新西兰法律与英格兰法许多差异之处,体现了其独特性。
Politics of New ZealandThe Constitution宪法New Zealand has no formal, written constitution, and the constitutional framework consists of a mixture of various documents.新西兰没有成文的宪法。
其宪法是由英国议会和新西兰一会先后通过的一系列法律和修正案以及英国枢密院的某些决定所构成。
Government政府New Zealand is a sovereign independent state, with a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy. Britain’s monarch is also Queen of New Zealand, who is represented by the Governor General, appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.英国国王或女王也是新西兰的国家元首，总督代表英国国王或女王主持政府。
总督在总理的提名下由国王或女王任命。
Cabinet is the most senior policy-making body and is lead by the Prime Minister, who is also, by convention, the Parliamentary leader of the governing party or coalition. The New Zealand Cabinet is responsible to New Zealand Parliament.内阁是最高行政机构，由总理领导，总理是议会多数党的领袖。
新西兰宪法(联合王国)此法案赋予新西兰殖民地一部代宪法。
1852年6月30日序言：由1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第1条废除。
短标题：1852年新西兰宪法。
注：在此次再版中，按照1896年短标题法的规定(联合王国)，“1852年新西兰宪法”短标题中加进了如下规定:在不影响其他引用方式的情况下，可以叫这个名称。
第一至三十一条由1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第1条废除。
第三十二条建立大议会：在新西兰殖民地建立一个大议会，它由总督和众议院组成。
注：根据1950年废除立法委员会法第2条(1)款，“立法委员会”几个字被删去。
根据1907年9月9日发布的王室声明(见1907年新西兰公报第二卷2837和：2901页)，从1902年9月26日起，以“新西兰自治领”的名称代替“新西兰殖民地”。
鉴于其当前的地位，它是英联邦国家的成员(是在1931年议会成文法(联合王国)中表明的)，这个国家现在一般被称为新西兰。
关于对“总督”一词的解释见其第80条及其注。
第三十三条由1891年立法委员会法(新西兰)第10条及1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第l条废除。
第三十四条由1891年立法委员会法(新西兰)第10条及1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第1条废除。
第三十五至三十九条由1891年立法委员会法(新西兰)第10条及1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第l条废除。
第四十条由1902年选举法第224条废除。
第四十一、四十二条由1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第l条废除。
第四十三条由1881年选举条例法(新西兰)第77条和1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第1条废除。
第四十四条举行大议会会议的时间和地点：新西兰大议会会议要在总督用公告的形式随时指定的时间、在新西兰境内某个地方举行；总督可以按其意愿中止或解散大议会会议。
第四十五条由1892年成文法修正案(联合王国)第1条废除。
第四十六条效忠宣誓：在未向总督或其他任何被授权主持这种宣誓的人进行宣誓并签署誓词之前，不允许众议院的任何议员就职或参加表决，誓词如下：我，×××，诚恳地保证并宣誓，决心忠实地效忠于女王维多利亚陛下。
new zealand ncriminal record摘要：一、新西兰犯罪记录概述二、新西兰犯罪率及其影响因素三、新西兰犯罪记录对移民和签证申请的影响四、如何查询新西兰犯罪记录五、减少犯罪率的对策和建议正文：一、新西兰犯罪记录概述新西兰，这个位于南太平洋的美丽国家，以其独特的自然风光和和谐的社会环境吸引了世界各地的游客和移民。
然而，就像任何国家一样，新西兰也有自己的犯罪问题。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨新西兰的犯罪记录，包括犯罪率、影响因素以及犯罪记录对移民和签证申请的影响。
二、新西兰犯罪率及其影响因素尽管新西兰的犯罪率相对较低，但仍然存在一定的犯罪问题。
根据新西兰统计局的数据，2019年，新西兰的犯罪率为每10万人中有4983起犯罪案件。
新西兰的犯罪类型主要包括盗窃、抢劫、欺诈、家庭暴力等。
影响新西兰犯罪率的因素有很多，包括社会经济因素、教育水平、家庭背景、心理健康等。
此外，种族歧视和贫困问题也在一定程度上导致了犯罪行为的产生。
三、新西兰犯罪记录对移民和签证申请的影响对于打算移民或访问新西兰的人来说，犯罪记录是一个重要的考量因素。
根据新西兰移民局的规定，有意申请签证的人需要提供无犯罪记录的证明。
这意味着，如果有犯罪记录，可能会影响到签证的申请。
此外，已经在新西兰生活和工作的人，如果犯罪记录较多，可能会受到就业、租房等方面的限制。
因此，保持良好的犯罪记录对于在新西兰生活和事业的成功至关重要。
四、如何查询新西兰犯罪记录查询新西兰犯罪记录主要有以下几种途径：1.新西兰警察局：可以提供个人的犯罪记录查询服务。
只需携带有效身份证件前往当地警察局即可。
2.新西兰内政部：提供在线犯罪记录查询服务，只需填写相关表格并提交申请。
3.第三方服务机构：有一些第三方机构可以代为查询个人的犯罪记录，但需支付一定费用。
五、减少犯罪率的对策和建议1.提高社会经济水平：改善贫困地区的生活条件，减少犯罪诱因。
2.加强教育：提高教育水平，尤其是弱势群体的教育投入，以提高他们的道德观念和法律意识。
南半球上看东西新西兰的医疗事故和意外伤害的赔偿其实这个问题我过去就写过。
今天早上一个国内的朋友问我，说是她先生看到一则消息，说是新西兰的医疗事故，造成一个婴儿的脑瘫。
然后她问，如果是医疗事故，那么谁来赔偿，是个人吗？现在来说一说新西兰的医疗事故赔偿问题。
早在1974年，新西兰就推出了意外事故补偿法，该法实行无过失责任原则，即只要有伤害，有因果关系，受害人就可以得到赔偿。
新西兰的医疗意外事故的赔偿涵盖了所有的意外事故所造成的人身伤害，当然也包括医疗事故。
也就是说，新西兰全民都加入到了这个医疗系统的保障体系。
这个补偿法经过1992年的修订，补充了医疗事故的两个方面，一个是将医疗意外事故专门放在一个审理单位，二是将医疗事故分成医疗不幸和医疗失当，采用不同的赔偿方式。
另外一个保障体系是意外伤害保障体系，简称ACC，这部分的赔偿不是从医疗保障体系支出，而是政府支出。
不过新西兰所有的公司都必须缴纳ACC的费用，每年一次，也是取之于民用之于民。
在新西兰，不会发生因为医疗事故造成医院或者个人倾家荡产的事情。
而意外伤害无论是否有责任，都会得到国家的赔偿，甚至不限于新西兰人，连海外的旅游者到新西兰来旅游发生了意外，都会得到赔偿。
我们家两个同学都深得到过这样的好处，一个是拐哥哥，9岁的时候出车祸，费用也是ACC承担，另外一个是黄老爸，做花园的时候腰扭到了，也是ACC付款，得到免费治疗。
下面，让我们一起看看新西兰意外伤害赔偿局的详细情况吧。
这是从他们的网站上看来的。
从这里你可以看出，新西兰的意外伤害赔偿是多么到位，甚至连因为意外伤害导致不能工作了，没有工资收入了，都可以得到赔偿。
ACC （意外伤害赔偿局）的职能我们的工作就是帮助预防意外伤害的发生，同时帮助那些已经意外受伤的人士尽快恢复工作和日常生活。
在纽西兰的任何人都可以申请ACC的帮助——无论伤者年龄大小、在职或退休、是学生还是领取福利的人士。
多数情况下，也与受伤的原因和场所无关——在家里、在工作场所、在路途或运动中发生的大多数意外伤害，我们都能提供赔偿。
新西兰宪法（英文版）首页教学团队课程概况课堂教学实践教学教学成果教学资源教学互动教学评估您的位置: 教学资源>>法律法规>>宪法 > 字体大中小新西兰宪法（英文版）New Zealand - Constitution Act 1986{ Adopted on: 1 Jan 1987 }{ In force since: 1 Jan 1987 }{ ICL Document Status: 3 Aug 1999 }{ Editor,s Note:The consolidated ICL edition does not contain the schedules orreferences to old law, but includes changes by the ConstitutionAmendment Act 1987. Furthermore, the Constitution Amendment Act 1999 (3Aug 1999) has been included into this ICL edition (new Sections 3A, 3B,9A, 9B, and 9C). For an official source of legislativedocuments seethe New Zealand Legislation project. }[Preamble]An Act to reform the constitutional law of New Zealand, to bring togetherinto one enactment certain provisions of constitutional significance, andto provide that the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 of the Parliament ofthe United Kingdom shall cease to have effect as part of the law of NewZealandBE IT ENACTED by the General Assembly of New Zealand in Parliamentassembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:[Part 0 Short Title and Commencement]Section 1 Short Title and commencement(1) This Act may be cited as the Constitution Act 1986.(2) This Act shall come into force on the 1st day of January 1987.Part I The SovereignSection 2 Head of State(1) The Sovereign in right of New Zealand is the head of State of NewZealand, and shall be known by the royal style and titles proclaimed fromtime to time.(2) The Governor-General appointed by the Sovereign is the Sovereign,srepresentative in New Zealand.Section 3 Exercise of royal powers by the Sovereign or the Governor-General(1) Every power conferred on the Governor-General by or under any Act is aroyal power which is exercisable by the Governor-General on behalf of theSovereign, and may accordingly be exercised either by the Sovereign inperson or by the Governor-General.(2) Every reference in any Act to the Governor-General in Council or anyother like expression includes a reference to the Sovereign acting by andwith the advice and consent of the Executive Council.Section 3A Advice and consent of Executive Council(1) The Sovereign or the Governor-General may perform afunction or duty,or exercise a power, on the advice and with the consent of the ExecutiveCouncil if that advice and consent are given at a meeting of the ExecutiveCouncil at which neither the Sovereign nor the Governor-General is presentif the Sovereign or the Governor-General is prevented from attending themeeting by some necessary or reasonable cause.(2) The performance of the function or duty, or the exercise of the powertakes effect from the date of the meeting unless another time is specifiedfor the performance of the function or duty, or for the exercise of thepower, to take effect.(3) Neither the validity of the performance of the function or duty, northe validity of the exercise of the power, can be challenged in any legalproceedings on the ground that the Sovereign or the Governor-General wasnot prevented from attending the meeting of the Executive Council by somenecessary or reasonable cause.Section 3B Exercise of powers and duties by Administrator(1) The Administrator of the Government may perform a function or dutyimposed on the Governor-General, or exercise a power conferred on theGovernor-General, if--(a) The office of Governor-General is vacant; or(b) The Governor-General is unable to perform the function or duty orexercise the power.(2) The performance or exercise by the Administrator of the Government ofa function or duty imposed, or a power conferred, on the Governor-Generalis conclusive evidence of the authority of the Administrator to performthe function or duty or exercise the power.Section 4 Regency(1) Where, under the law of the United Kingdom, the royal functions arebeing performed in the same and on behalf of the Sovereign by a Regent,the royal functions of the Sovereign in right of New Zealand shall beperformed in the name and on behalf of the Sovereign by that Regent.(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section limits, in relation to anypower of the Sovereign in right of New Zealand, the authorityof theGovernor-General to exercise that power.Section 5 Demise of the Crown(1) The death of the Sovereign shall have the effect of transferring allthe functions, duties, powers, authorities, rights, privileges, anddignities belonging to the Crown to the Sovereign,s successor, asdetermined in accordance with the enactment of the Parliament of Englandintituled The Act of Settlement (12 & 13 Will. 3, c. 2) and any other lawrelating to the succession to the Throne, but shall otherwise have noeffect in law for any purpose.(2) Every reference to the Sovereign in any document or instrument inforce on or after the commencement of this Act shall, unless the contextotherwise requires, be deemed to include a reference to the Sovereign,sheirs and successors.Part II The ExecutiveSection 6 Ministers of Crown to be members of Parliament(1) A person may be appointed and may hold office as a member of theExecutive Council or as a Minister of the Crown only if that person is amember of Parliament.(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) of this section,(a) A person who is not a member of Parliament may be appointed and mayhold office as a member of the Executive Council or as a Minister of theCrown if that person was a candidate for election at the general electionof members of the House of Representatives held immediately preceding thatperson,s appointment as a member of the Executive Council or as a Ministerof the Crown but shall vacate office at the expiration of the period of 40days beginning with the date of the appointment unless, within thatperiod, that person becomes a member of Parliament; and(b) Where a person who holds office both as a member of Parliament and asa member of the Executive Council or as a Minister of the Crown ceases tobe a member of Parliament, that person may continue to hold office as amember of the Executive Council or as a Minister of the Crown until theexpiration of the 28th day after the day on which that person ceases to bea member of Parliament.Section 7 Power of member of Executive Council to exercise Minister,spowersAny function, duty, or power exercisable by or conferred on any Ministerof the Crown (by whatever designation that Minister is known) may, unlessthe context otherwise requires, be exercised or performed by any member ofthe Executive Council.Section 8 Appointment of Parliamentary Under-Secretaries(1) The Governor-General may from time to time, by warrant under theGovernor-General,s hand, appoint any member of Parliament to be aParliamentary Under-Secretary in relation to such Ministerial office oroffices as are specified in that behalf in the warrant of appointment.(2) A Parliamentary Under-Secretary shall hold office as such during thepleasure of the Governor-General, but shall in every case vacate thatoffice within 28 days of ceasing to be a member of Parliament.Section 9 Functions of Parliamentary Under-Secretaries(1) A Parliamentary Under-Secretary holding office as such in respect ofany Ministerial office shall have and may exercise or perform under thedirection of the Minister concerned such of the functions, duties, andpowers of the Minister of the Crown for the time being holding that officeas may from time to time be assigned to the Parliamentary Under-Secretaryby that Minister.(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section limits the authority of anyMinister of the Crown to exerciseor perform personally any function,duty, or power.(3) The fact that any person holding office as a ParliamentaryUnder-Secretary in respect of any Ministerial office purports to exerciseor perform any function, duty, or power of the Minister concerned shall beconclusive evidence of that person,s authority to do so.Section 9A Solicitor-General may perform functions ofAttorney-GeneralThe Solicitor-General may perform a function or duty imposed, or exercisea power conferred, on the Attorney-General.Section 9B Appointment of person to act in place of Solicitor-General(1)The Governor-General may appoint a barrister or solicitor of at least 7years, practice to act--(a) In place of, or for, the Solicitor-General during the absence fromoffice of the Solicitor-General or if the Solicitor-General isincapacitated in a way that affects the performance of his or her duties;or(b)During a vacancy in the office of Solicitor-General.(2) The performance of a function or duty or the exercise ofa power by aperson appointed under subsection (1) is, in the absence of proof to thecontrary, sufficient evidence of the authority of that person to do so.Section 9C Delegation of powers of Attorney-General and Solicitor-General(1) The Solicitor-General may, with the written consent of theAttorney-General, in writing delegate to a Deputy Solicitor-General, anyof the functions or duties imposed, or powers conferred, on theAttorney-General.(2) The Solicitor-General may in writing delegate to a DeputySolicitor-General any of the functions or duties imposed, or powersconferred, on the Solicitor-General, except for the power to delegateconferred by this subsection.(3) A delegation is revocable and does not prevent the Attorney-General orthe Solicitor-General from performing the function or duty or exercisingthe power.(4) A delegation may be made on conditions specified in the instrument ofdelegation.Part III The Legislature[Chapter 1] The House of RepresentativesSection 10 House of Representatives(1) There shall continue to be a House of Representatives for New Zealand.(2) The House of Representatives is the same body as theHouse ofRepresentatives referred to in section 32 of the New Zealand ConstitutionAct 1852 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.(3) The House of Representatives shall be regarded as always in existence,notwithstanding that Parliament has been dissolved or has expired.(4) The House of Representatives shall have as its members those personswho are elected from time to time in accordance with the provisions of theElectoral Act 1956, and who shall be known as "members of Parliament".Section 11 Oath of allegiance to be taken by members of Parliament(1) A member of Parliament shall not be permitted to sit or vote in theHouse of Representatives until that member has taken the Oath ofAllegiance in the form prescribed in section 17 of the Oaths andDeclarations Act 1957.(2) The oath to be taken under this section shall be administered by theGovernor-General or a person authorised by the Governor-General toadminister that oath.Section 12 Election of SpeakerThe House of Representatives shall, at its first meeting after any generalelection of its members, and immediately on its first meeting after anyvacancy occurs in the office of Speaker, choose one of its members as itsSpeaker, and every such choice shall be effective on being confirmed bythe Governor-General.Section 13 Speaker to continue in office notwithstanding dissolution orexpiration of ParliamentA person who is in office as Speaker immediately before the dissolution orexpiration of Parliament shall, notwithstanding that dissolution orexpiration, continue in office until the close of polling day at the nextgeneral election unless that person sooner vacates office as Speaker.[Chapter 2] ParliamentSection 14 Parliament(1) There shall be a Parliament of New Zealand, which shall consist of theSovereign in right of New Zealand and the House of Representatives.(2) The Parliament of New Zealand is the same body as that which beforethe commencement of this Act was called the General Assembly (asestablished by section 32 of the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 of theParliament of the United Kingdom) and which consisted of theGovernor-General and the House of Representatives.Section 15 Power of Parliament to make laws(1) The Parliament of New Zealand continues to have full power to makelaws.(2) No Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed after thecommencement of this Act shall extend to New Zealand as part of its law.Section 16 Royal assent to BillsA Bill passed by the House of Representatives shall become law when theSovereign or the Governor-General assents to it and signs it in token ofsuch assent.Section 17 Term of Parliament(1) The term of Parliament shall, unless Parliament is sooner dissolved,be 3 years from the day fixed for the return of the writs issued for thelast preceding general election of members of the House of Representatives, and no longer.(2) Section 189 of the Electoral Act 1956 shall apply in respect ofsubsection (1) of this section.Section 18 Summoning, proroguing, and dissolution of Parliament(1) The Governor-General may be Proclamation summon Parliament to meet atsuch place and time as may be appointed therein, notwithstanding that whenthe Proclamation is signed or when it takes effect Parliament standsprorogued to a particular date.(2) The Governor-General may by Proclamation prorogue or dissolveParliament.(3) A Proclamation summoning, proroguing, or dissolving Parliament shallbe effective(a) On being gazetted; or(b) On being publicly read, by some person authorised to do so by theGovernor-General, in the presence of the Clerk of the House ofRepresentatives and 2 other persons, whichever occurs first.(4) Every Proclamation that takes effect pursuant to subsection (3) (b) ofthis section shall be gazetted as soon as practicable after it is publiclyread.Section 19 First meeting of Parliament after general election After any general election of members of the House of Representatives,Parliament shall meet not later than 6 weeks after the day fixed for thereturn of the writs for that election.Section 20 Carrying over of Parliamentary businessWhere the House of Representatives resolves that any Bill, petition, orother business before it or any of its committees be carried over to thenext session of Parliament (whether the same Parliament ornot), thatBill, petition, or other business shall not lapse upon the prorogation ordissolution or expiration of the Parliament in being when that resolutionis passed but shall be carried over accordingly.[Chapter 3] Parliament and Public FinanceSection 21 Bills appropriating public moneyThe House of Representatives shall not pass any Bill providing for theappropriation of public money or for the imposition of any charge upon thepublic revenue unless the making of that appropriation or the impositionof that charge has been recommended to the House of Representatives by theCrown.Section 22 Parliamentary control of public financeIt shall not be lawful for the Crown, except by or under an Act ofParliament,(a) To levy a tax; or(b) To raise a loan or to receive any money as a loan from any person; or(c) T o spend any public money.Part IV The JudiciarySection 23 Protection of Judges against removal from officeA Judge of the High Court shall not be removed from office except by theSovereign or the Governor-General, acting upon an address of the House ofRepresentatives, which address may be moved only on the grounds of thatJudge,s misbehaviour or ofthat Judge,s incapacity to discharge thefunctions of that Judge,s office.Section 24 Salaries of Judges not to be reducedThe salary of a Judge of the High Court shall not be reduced during thecontinuance of the Judge,s commission.Part V Miscellaneous ProvisionsSection 25 General Assembly Library to be known as the ParliamentaryLibrary(1) The Library heretofore known as the General Assembly Library shall, asfrom the commencement of this Act, be known as the Parliamentary Library.(2) The officer heretofore known as the Chief Librarian of the GeneralAssembly Library shall be known, as from the commencement of this Act, asthe Parliamentary Librarian.(3) Subject to section 27 of this Act, all references to the GeneralAssembly Library or to the Chief Librarian of the General Assembly Libraryin any other enactment or in any document whatsoever shall hereafter,unless the context otherwise requires, be read as references to theParliamentary Library and to the Parliamentary Librarian respectively.Section 26 United Kingdom enactments ceasing to have effect as part ofthe law of New Zealand(1) As from the commencement of this Act the following enactments of theParliament of the United Kingdom, namely,(a) The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 (15 and 16 Vict., c. 72); and(b) The Statute of Westminster 1931 (22 Geo. V, c. 4); and(c) The New Zealand Constitution (Amendment) Act 1947 (11 Geo. VI, c. 4),shall cease to have effect as part of the law of New Zealand.(2) The provisions of sections 20, 20A, and 21 of the Acts InterpretationAct 1924 shall apply with respect to the enactments specified insubsection (1) of this section as if they were Acts of the Parliament ofNew Zealand that had been repealed by that subsection.(3) Without limiting the provisions of subsection (2) of this section, itis hereby declared that the effect of section 11 of the Statute ofWestminster 1931 (22 Geo. V, c. 4) (which section declared that theexpression "Colony" shall not, in any Act of the Parliament of the UnitedKingdom passed after the commencement of the Statute of Westminster 1931,include a Dominion or any Province or State forming part of a Dominion)shall not be affected by virtue of the Statute of Westminster 1931ceasing, by virtue of subsection (1) of this section, to have effect aspart of the law of New Zealand.Section 27 Consequential amendments to other enactmentsThe enactments specified in the First Schedule to this Act are herebyamended in the manner indicated in that Schedule.Section 28 Repeals(1) The enactments specified in the Second Schedule to this Act are herebyrepealed.(2) The Regulations Amendment Act 1962 is hereby consequentially repealed.(3) Section 2 (2) of the Primary Products Marketing Amendment Act 1977 ishereby consequentially repealed.(4) Section 5 of the Civil List Amendment Act 1985 is herebyconsequentially repealed.Section 29 Transitional and consequential provisions relating toParliament(1) The Parliament in being at the commencement of this Act (before thecommencement of this Act called the General Assembly) shall continue inaccordance with and subject to the provisions of this Act.(2) As from the commencement of this Act, every reference to the GeneralAssembly or to the General Assembly of New Zealand in any enactment passedbefore the date of commencement of this Act and in any document executedbefore that date shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be read asa reference to the Parliament of New Zealand.(3) Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply in respect of the ActsInterpretation Act 1924.更新日期:2010-3-20阅读次数:-816上一条: 埃及宪法（英文版）下一条: 巴基斯坦宪法【打印本页】【关闭窗口】==本栏目相关文章==哥伦比亚宪法（英文版）最高人民法院关于行政案件管辖若干问题的规定滕州市人民政府关于扶持生猪生产加快畜牧业标准化建设的意见中华人民共和国政府和罗马尼亚社会主义共和国政府科学技术合作协定中华人民共和国国家安全法实施细则廉政公署部門的組織及運作（澳门）厦门经济特区鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑保护条例>>> 更多中心简介 | 联系我们 | 加入收藏夹 | 设为主页Copyright 中国人民大学行政法与行政诉讼法精品课程网2005-2010 All rights reserved.。
新西兰的继承制度
新西兰的继承制度主要以《继承法令》（The Administration Act）为基础。
根据继承法令，无论公民是否具有遗嘱，其财产都将根据特定规定进行分配。
如果遗嘱有效，遗产将按照遗嘱中的指示进行分配。
这包括指定特定资产给特定人，确定继承人和遗嘱执行人等。
然而，无论是否具有遗嘱，遗产的分配都受到特定规定和限制。
如果公民没有留下遗嘱或者遗嘱无效，就会按照《继承法令》中的规定进行继承。
继承权首先由遗嘱执行人持有，随后是遗产的婚姻伴侣或者合法子女。
如果没有婚姻伴侣或合法子女，则遗产将分配给其他直系亲属，如父母、兄弟姐妹等，直到找到合法的继承人。
在继承分配中，新西兰的继承法令也规定了一定的比例和优先级。
例如，婚姻伴侣有优先权继承一定比例的遗产，并享有固定的权益。
此外，继承人可以根据自己的意愿放弃继承权，或者通过法律程序争取继承权。
总之，新西兰的继承制度通过《继承法令》确立了遗产分配的规则和原则，旨在保护继承人的权益，并确保公正和公平的分配遗产。
第1篇一、背景介绍新西兰是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，其法律体系以英国普通法为基础，同时也吸收了部分大陆法的特点。
在新西兰，盗窃罪是一项严重的犯罪行为，根据新西兰《刑法》第160条的规定，盗窃罪是指非法占有他人财物的行为。
本文将通过对一起新西兰盗窃罪的案例分析，探讨新西兰法律在处理盗窃罪方面的原则和规定。
二、案件事实2019年6月，新西兰奥克兰市发生了一起盗窃案。
被告人John Smith（化名）因涉嫌盗窃罪被奥克兰高等法院审判。
以下是案件的基本事实：1. 被告人John Smith，男，32岁，无业。
2. 2019年5月，被告人John Smith在奥克兰市某商场盗窃了一部价值3000新西兰元的手机。
3. 被告人John Smith在作案过程中被商场保安发现，随后被警方逮捕。
4. 被告人John Smith对自己的犯罪行为供认不讳，并主动退还了被盗手机。
三、案件审理1. 审判程序被告人John Smith被奥克兰高等法院审理。
在审理过程中，法院依法进行了以下程序：（1）起诉书送达：法院依法向被告人送达了起诉书，告知其犯罪事实和罪名。
（2）法庭调查：法院依法对被告人进行了法庭调查，包括询问被告人、证人、检查现场等。
（3）辩论阶段：双方律师分别对案件进行了辩论。
（4）判决：法院依法对被告人进行了判决。
2. 法院判决奥克兰高等法院认为，被告人John Smith的行为构成盗窃罪，根据新西兰《刑法》第160条的规定，判处被告人John Smith有期徒刑一年，并处罚金1000新西兰元。
四、案例分析1. 犯罪构成本案中，被告人John Smith的行为符合盗窃罪的构成要件。
首先，被告人John Smith非法占有他人财物，即盗窃了手机；其次，被告人的行为具有非法性，即未经手机主人同意而占有手机；最后，被告人具有故意，即明知自己的行为是非法的，却仍然实施。
2. 刑罚适用根据新西兰《刑法》第160条的规定，盗窃罪的刑罚为有期徒刑一年以下。
