低旋转点的隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复前足背侧缺损创面
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中国修复重建外科杂志2008年11月第22卷第11期·1285·低旋转点的隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复前足背侧缺损创面陈玉兵徐永清陆声【摘 要】目的探讨低旋转点隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复前足背侧缺损创面的术式,并总结其临床效果。
方法 2005年1月-2007年8月,应用低旋转点的隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复前足背侧皮肤软组织缺损创面6例。
男4例,女2例;年龄28~53岁。
左足2例,右足4例。
重物压砸伤5例,车祸伤1例。
患足均伴肌腱、骨外露或坏死皮肤软组织切除后肌腱、骨外露。
急诊手术2例,择期手术4例。
清创后创面缺损为7.0 cm × 5.0 cm~9.0 cm × 5.5 cm。
皮瓣旋转点位于内踝上1~3 cm处,切取皮瓣大小为8.0 cm × 6.0 cm~13.0 cm × 6.5 cm。
其中2例将皮瓣内隐神经近断端和创面内足背内侧皮神经残端吻合。
供区创面中厚皮片植皮修复。
结果4例术后皮瓣顺利成活;2例术后2 d皮瓣远端出现肿胀、水疱,经对症处理后愈合。
供区植皮全部成活。
6例患者均获随访,随访时间6~18个月。
皮瓣厚薄、颜色及质地接近受区。
术中吻合神经的2例皮瓣痛、温觉恢复,两点辨别觉分别为8 mm和9 mm;未吻合神经的4例皮瓣恢复保护性感觉。
患足负重行走正常,皮瓣无皮肤破溃。
结论低旋转点的隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣血供可靠,是修复前足背侧缺损创面的一种较好方法。
【关键词】隐神经前足软组织缺损皮瓣修复中图分类号:R622.1 R658.3 文献标志码:ADISTALLY BASED SAPHENOUS NEUROCUTANEOUS FLAP OF LOWER ROTATING POINT REPAIRING SOFT TISSUE DEFECT IN DORSUM OF FOREFOOT/CHEN Yubing, XU Yongqing, Lu Sheng. Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command and Clinical Institution of Kunming Medical College, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P.R.China. Corresponding author: CHEN Yubing, E-mail: chenyubingsd@【Abstract】Objective To investigate the surgical methods and clinical results of reconstructing soft tissue defects in dorsum of forefoot with distally based saphenous neurocutaneous fl ap of lower rotating point. Methods From January 2005to August 2007, 6 cases of soft tissue defects in dorsum of forefoot, including 4 males and 2 females aged 28-53 years, were treated with the distally based saphenous neurocutaneous fl aps of lower rotating point. The soft tissue defect was in left foot in 2 cases andin right foot in 4 cases. Five cases of soft tissue defects were caused by crush, and 1 case was caused by traffi c accident. Tendons and bones were exposed in all cases. The defects after debridement were 7.0 cm × 5.0 cm to 9.0 cm × 5.5 cm in size. Emergency operation was performed in 2 cases and selective operation in 4 cases. Rotating point of the fl aps was from 1 to 3 cm above medial malleolus. The size of the fl aps ranged from 8.0 cm × 6.0 cm to 13.0 cm × 6.5 cm. Neuroanastomosis was performed in 2 cases of the fl aps. Skin defects in donor site were repaired with thickness skin graft. Results Four cases of the transferred fl aps survived completely and the other 2 cases began to swell and emerge water blister from the distant end of the fl ap after operation, which resulted in distal superfi cial necrosis of fl aps, healing was achieved after change dressings and skin grafted. Skin graft in donor site survived completely in all cases. All cases were followed up from 6 to 18 months. The color and texture and thickness of thefl aps were similar to recipient site. Pain sensation and warmth sensation of the 2 fl aps whose cutaneous nerve were anastomosed recovered completely, two point discrimination were 8 mm and 9 mm respectively. Sensation and warmth sensation of the 4fl aps whose cutaneous nerve were not anastomosed recovered partly. All patients returned to their normal walking and running activities and no ulceration occurred. No donor site morbidity was encountered. Conclusion Blood supply of the distally based saphenous neurocutaneous fl ap of lower rotating point is suffi cient, the fl ap is especially useful for repair of soft tissue defects in dorsum of forefoot.【Key words】 Saphenous nerve Forefoot Soft tissue defect Flap Repair作者单位:1成都军区昆明总医院全军骨科中心昆明医学院临床学院(昆明,650032)通讯作者:陈玉兵,主治医师,研究方向:四肢创伤修复与重建、脊柱解剖与临床,E-mail: chenyubingsd@自Masquelet(1992年)首次报道隐神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖学基础及临床应用经验以来,其在临床应用逐渐增多[1-5]。
但既往文献中该皮瓣的旋转点主要根据胫后动脉最低皮穿支位置确定,多选内踝上5~7 cm处[1-5]。
由于皮瓣旋转点位置较高,主要用于Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, November 2008, V ol. 22, No.11·1286·修复小腿下段及踝足部皮肤软组织缺损创面,无法修复前足缺损创面。
目前,低旋转点的隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣已有解剖学方面的研究[6-9],但临床应用报道较少。
2005年1月-2007年8月,我们应用低旋转点的隐神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复6例前足背侧皮肤软组织缺损创面,效果满意。
报告如下。
1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男4例,女2例;年龄28~53岁。
左足2例,右足4例。
重物压砸伤5例,车祸伤1例。
6例均为前足背侧皮肤软组织缺损,其中2例合并跖跗关节骨折脱位,2例合并跖骨骨折。
患足均伴肌腱、骨外露或坏死皮肤软组织切除后肌腱、骨外露。
本组2例伤后6 h 内入院,创面污染较轻,入院后行急诊手术;4例伤后7~21 d入院,曾于外院行清创缝合,其中2例同时行跖骨骨折切开复位克氏针内固定,术后前足背侧皮肤坏死,转入我院;入院时创面炎性反应较明显,X线片示骨折对位、对线好,无骨痂形成,经换药及抗生素治疗3~5 d创面炎症消退后手术治疗。
1.2手术方法采用硬膜外麻醉,取仰卧位,上气囊止血带,切除坏死组织,彻底清创。
本组皮肤软组织缺损范围为7.0 cm × 5.0 cm~9.0 cm × 5.5 cm。
跖跗关节骨折脱位者行复位并克氏针内固定,于外院行内固定的2例患者跖骨骨折位置尚好,未重新处理。
根据缺损创面位置及大小,在小腿内侧下1/2段设计皮瓣,以内踝前方与胫骨内髁中点连线为皮瓣轴心线,皮瓣旋转点在内踝上1、2、3 cm处各2例,皮瓣面积一般较缺损创面宽约1 cm。
先切开蒂部皮肤至真皮下,向两侧真皮下游离3~4 cm,切开皮瓣近端及两侧皮肤,于深筋膜下切取皮瓣(皮瓣切取时保留胫后动脉于内踝上5~7 cm处向皮瓣内发出的皮穿支),蒂部保留宽3~4 cm的筋膜组织,蒂内包含隐神经、大隐静脉及深、浅筋膜。