语态变化主动与被动的转换

【 导语】英语中的语态体系浩如烟海，⾥⾯学问很⼤，掌握语态的⽤法对学习英语有很⼤的意义。今天，©⽆忧考⽹为同学们带来了相当丰富的与被动语态的⽤法相关的语法，⼀起来看看吧！

⼀、主动语态和被动语态概说

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表⽰主语是动作的执⾏者，⽽被动语态则表⽰主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybody likes him. ⼤家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)

He is liked by everybody. 他受到⼤家的喜欢。(被动语态)

⼆、主动语态变被动语态的⽅法1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本⽅法

将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中⽤作状语)：He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不强调动词执⾏者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：He was born in 1986. 他⽣于1986年。

What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花？

2. 双宾动词的被动语态

双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指⼈)变为被动语态的主语，⽽把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，⽽把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底⽤to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配⽤介词to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配⽤介词for)

友益英语学校 初三（上） 被动语态专练 姓名： ____________ 日期： ____________ 分数：_________

一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,每空一词.

1 English ______ ________ (speak) here.

2 Jay Zhou _______ ______ (love) by lots of his fans.

3 The room ________ _______ ________ (paint) now.

4 Listen! Who _______ _______ (cry) in the next room?

5 The computer _____ ______ ______ (can use) in the room.

6 My grandpa’s ______ ______ ______ (die) for three years.

7 The novel _______ ________ _______ (translate) into

many languages since it was published.

8 The cake which my mother made ______ (smell) nice.

9 The football match ______ ________ _______ (show)

again sometime next week.

10 The book _______ (sell) well.

11. ________ these trees _______ ________ (plant) on the hill

tomorrow?

12. The work can ______ ________ ________ (finish) the day

主动语态与被动语态

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1 主动语态与被动语态

(VOICES) 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。

1. 英语的被动语态常用于以下场合:

(1) 强调/突出动作的承受者(可带by短语):

例:Much of the country is covered by forests, and wood is cut and sold all over the world.

整个国家的大部分地区都被森林所覆盖，木材被砍下来销售到世界各地。

(2) 不知道或无须说出动作的执行者(不带by短语): 例:Your letter has been received. 你的来信已经收到了。

(3) 为使句子结构简练和紧凑,上下连贯.

例:For centuries after Jia Sixie died, it was studied by Chinese farmers and students of farming.

在贾思勰去世后的许多世纪中，中国农民和农业研究工作者还在学习他的这本书。

(4) 在科技文献中，为了客观地描述事物及其过程，常使用被动语态.

例: Cars of this kind were made in the eighties. 这种小汽车是80年代制造的。

(5) 在新闻报道中,为了体现新闻的客观性.

例:Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds---- 一千五百万棵树被剧风刮倒----

常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成

1 一般现在时 am/are/is + v.pp. 6 过去进行时 was/were being + v.pp.

2 一般过去时 was/were + v.pp. 7 现在完成时 have /has been + v.pp.

主动语态与被动语态句型转换

一、主动语态与被动语态相互转换，每空一词（含缩写）。

56. We call maths the language of science. （改为被动句）

Maths _________ _________ the language of science.

57. Where did they plant trees （改为被动句）

Where _________ trees _________

58. You can borrow two books at a time.（改为被动句）

Two books _________ _________ _________ at a time.

teacher made the students copy the text.改为被动句

The students _________ _________ _________ copy the text.

60. They produce silk in Suzhou.（改为被动句）

Silk _________ _________ in Suzhou.

61. They built a bridge between the two islands last year. （改为被动句）

A bridge ________ ________ between the two islands last year.

62. A birthday party will be given tomorrow. （改为主动句）

We _________ _________ a birthday party tomorrow.

63. John was seen to cross the street just now by someone.（改为主动句）