主动语态和被动语态的转换

第 1 页 主动语态和被动语态的转换

语态 (Voice) 是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态 (Passive Voice) 表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。主动语态则表示主语是动作的执行者。

（1）各种时态的被动语态

1）一般现在时的被动语态

We sweep the floor every day. The floor is swept every day by us .

We clean the windows every week. The windows are cleaned every week by us.

2）现在进行时的被动语态

Miss Chen is teaching me English now. I am being taught English by Miss Chen now.

I am writing my homework. My homework is being written by me.

The girl is watering flowers. The flowers are being watered by the girl.

3）现在完成时的被动语态

We have bought a new house recently. A new house has been bought recently by us.

We have planted a lot of flowers in the classroom.

A lot of flowers have been planted in our classroom.

4）一般将来时的被动语态

I shall/will do a better job next time. A better job will be done next time.

My father is going to stop smoking. Smoking is going to be stopped by my father.

He is going to help me tomorrow. I am going to be helped by him tomorrow.

Where are you going to put these tables? Where are these tables going to be put by you?

You are to deliver these flowers before ten. These flower were to be delivered before ten.

I am to find an interesting story. An interesting story was to be found .

Many people are about to lose their jobs. Their jobs ____________________ lost.

I am about to finish my homework when he comes in.

My homework ________________________when he comes in.

一般将来时的动词形式

1.主动语态：shall/will +v. 被动语态：shall/will be +v-ed.

2.主动语态：am/is /are going to +v. 被动语态：am/is /are going to be +v-ed.

3.主动语态：am/is /are to +v. 被动语态：am/is/are to be +v-ed.

4.主动语态：am/is /are about to +v. 被动语态：am/is/are about to be +v-ed.

注意:只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。

5）一般过去时的被动语态 哪些句子可以变成被动语态？

A ram(公羊) saw a fence built with bamboo and wood in front. The fence blocked its way. It

cast a sidelong glance at the fence, lowered its neck and lunged(刺) at the fence, hoping to knock

it down. The fence remained intact but the ram injured its own horns.

A ram(公羊) saw a fence built with bamboo and wood .

A fence built with bamboo and wood was seen by a ram.

The fence blocked its way. Its way was blocked by the fence.

It cast a sidelong glance at the fence. A sidelong glance was cast at the fence by it.

The ram injured its own horns. The ram’s horns were injured by itself.

6）过去进行时的被动语态

He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. His car was being cleaned by him then.

第 2 页 I was doing my lessons then. My homework was being done then .

7）过去完成时的被动语态

They had already opened the new railway. The new railway had alredy been opened.

The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked (cook) for too long.

8）过去将来时的被动语态

He knew his mother would punish him for it. He knew ______________________ for it.

She said _________________________ you. She said you would be looked after by her.

Judy was going to meet us, but she was ill and couldn’t come.

Her mother was going to take care of her.

花在十点前送到。You were to deliver these flowers before ten.

These flowers were to be delivered before ten.

I was to find an interesting story. An interesting story ______________________.

Many people were about to lose their jobs. Their jobs __________________________lost.

过去将来时的动词形式

1.主动语态：would +v. 被动语态：would be +v-ed.

2.主动语态：was/were going to +v. 被动语态：was/were going to be +v-ed.

3.主动语态：was/were to +v. 被动语态：was/were to be +v-ed.

4.主动语态：was/were about to +v. 被动语态：was/were about to be +v-ed.

（2）含情态动词的被动语态

You _________more trees in this area. The trees must be planted in this area.

You mustn’t pick the flowers in the park. The flowers __________________in the park.

We should improve the environment. The environment ______________________ .

（3）什么时候用被动语态：

1）不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。Many houses will be built here.

2）说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣(这时可用by引导出动作的执行者)。

The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.

3）动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。

You are requested to attend the meeting.

4）出于礼貌, 不愿意说出动作的执行者。

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.

填空：

1. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States.

2.Nowadays, English __________ (find) very useful.

3.The work ______________ (finish) tomorrow.

4.The flowers _______________ (water) by them now.

5.The railway ______________ (build) this time last year.

6.The railway ______ already _________ (build).

7.The new railway ____________ (build) by the end of last year.

8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month.

（4）不能用于被动语态的情况

1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have, fit, suit, hold(容纳), cost, suffer, last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。