主动语态变被动语态的方法

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主动语态变被动语态的方法

班级_____________ 学号 ______ 姓名 __________

一、主动语态和被动语态概说

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：

Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)

He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)

二、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法

将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：

He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：

He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。

What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花？

2. 双宾动词的被动语态

双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配用介词to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配用介词for)

有时以上两种方式均可用：

He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.

3. 被动语态的时态

被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：

★(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：am [is, are]+过去分词

English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。

We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。

★★(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was [were]+过去分词

He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。

The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。

★(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词

A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。

The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。

(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：have [has]been+过去分词 学习必备

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All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。

Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗？

(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词

He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。

(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：am [is, are] being+过去分词

My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。

The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。

(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：was [were] being+过去分词

He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。

He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。

(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词

He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。

★★4. 含有情态动词的被动形式

若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”：

Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.

请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：

This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。

Can this be done by machine? 这可以由机器来做吗?

The work must be done at once. 这工作必须马上做了。

被动语态专练

一、区分下列句子哪句是被动语态的句子：

1. English is spoken in many countries. ( )

2. The students are doing their homework in the classroom. ( )

3. The students are divided into six groups. ( )

4. My brother was chosen for the basketball team. ( )

5. We can finish the work in two hours . ( )

6. The sick child must be sent to the hospital at once. ( )

二、写出下列动词的过去分词：

1. clean ___________ 2. love ___________ 3. speak ___________ 4. break __________

5. finish____________ 6. know ___________ 7. sell ____________ 8. teach ___________

9. find ____________ 10. build ___________ 11. blow ___________ 12. give __________

三、把下列句子改为被动语态： 学习必备

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1. We teach English in our school.

English ___________ ___________ in our school.

2. Someone broke the glass this morning .

The glass ___________ ____________ this mrning .

3. They can finish the work in two hours .

The work ___________ ____________ ____________ in two hours .

4. The wind blew the clouds away .

________ _________ _________ ____________ away .

5. They sell fresh fish in that market every day .

__________ __________ __________ ________ in that market every day .

四、单项选择：

( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.

A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found

( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung

( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used

( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep

( ) 7 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need B . are needing C. are needed D. will need

( ) 8 Japanese ___ in every country.

A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking