2020年英语翻译资格中级口译英译汉模拟试题(二)

CATTI三级笔译实务模拟题2020年(2)(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)English-Chinese Translation1.It is more than a quarter of a century since the leaders of the world, gathered in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, committed their countries to avoiding "dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system" by signing the UN convention on climate change. The case for living up to their words has only become stronger. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grows unremittingly. Average global temperatures have risen, t oo, to about 1°C above those of the pre-industrial era. The science that links the two is incontestable. Recent extreme-weather events, from floods in Hanoi to fires in California, were made more likely by the change that the climate has already undergone. Things will only get worse — perhaps catastrophically so.In a sense the world is already equipped for the task at hand. Wind and solar power have, after huge subsidies, joined nuclear reactors and dams as affordable ways of generating gigawatts of electricity without burning fossil fuels. As our Technology Quarterly this week shows, parts of the energy system not easily electrified—some forms of transport, industrial processes like making steel and cement, heating offices and homes—could also be decarbonized **ing technologies. And policymakers have tools to bring about change, including carbon taxes, regulation, subsidies and, if they choose, command and control.Yet when the parties to the convention on climate change meet again in Katowice, Poland, on December 2nd, it will be against a backdrop not just of rising temperatures but also of rising despair. The problem is obvious: the stakes are huge; solutions are within reach. So why is the response inadequate?The chief reason is that the world has no history of dealing with such a difficult problem, nor the institutions to do so. The harm done by climate change is not visited on the people, or the generations, that have the best chance of acting against it. Those who suffer most harm are and will be predominantly poor and in poor countries. The people called on to pay the costs of reducing that harm are and will be mostly much better off.The better off are more able to adapt to climate change than the poor, and thus have less cause to avoid change. And making the poor wealthy enough to adapt involves economic growth that is still mostly powered by fossil fuels. Although no one should be asked to forgothat growth, it has consequences.What might produce a moment of clarity to break this impasse? Onepossibility is the sheer impact of climate change. Geophysical features of Earth are already being redrawn. The dry edges of the tropics are heading pole wards at about 50km a decade. The line of aridity defining the American West has moved roughly 230km east since 1980. The sea ice in the Arctic is a shadow of its former self. Nobody can know whether the world will one day wake up and cut emissions to zero. Even if it does, the main problem — the stock of greenhouse gases already emitted — will remain. A crash programme to suck carbon dioxide out of the air would take vast resources and years to make a difference.Another spur might be innovation. The world would have many fewer firms developing electric cars were it not for Elon Musk and Tesla. But without policies to spread innovation, such as a carbon tax or subsidy and regulation, inventiveness alone is insufficient. The technology that matters is the technology being used.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 50答案:1992年，世界各国领导人齐聚里约热内卢，签署了一项有关气候变化的联合国公约，承诺避免“气候系统受到危险的人为干扰”。

2020年翻译资格初级口译翻译题及答案（卷二）Inscribed in 2016 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity二十四节气被正式列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

The ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 segments. Each segment was called a specific ‘Solar Term’. The element of Twenty-Four Solar Terms originated in the Yellow River reaches of China.The criteria for its formulation were developed through the observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena in this region and has been progressively applied nationwide.It starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. The element has been transmitted from generation to generation and used traditionally as a timeframe to direct production and daily routines.It remains of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices. Having been integrated into the Gregorian calendar, it is used widely by communities and shared by many ethnic groups in China.Some rituals and festivities in China are closely associated with the Solar Terms for example, the First Frost Festival of the Zhuang Peopleand the Ritual for the Beginning of Spring in Jiuhua.The terms may also be referenced in nursery rhymes, ballads and proverbs. These various functions of the element have enhanced its viability as a form of intangible cultural heritage and sustain its contribution to the community’s cultural identity. Knowledge of the element is transmitted through formal and informal means of education.立春Beginning of Spring雨水Rain Water惊蛰Insects Awakening春分Spring Equinox清明Fresh Green谷雨Grain Rain立夏Beginning of Summer小满Lesser Fullness芒种Grain in Ear夏至Summer Solstice小暑Lesser Heat大暑Greater Heat立秋Beginning of Autumn处暑End of Heat白露White Dew秋分Autumnal Equinox寒露Cold Dew霜降First Frost立冬Beginning of Winter小雪Light Snow大雪Heavy Snow冬至Winter Solstice小寒Lesser Cold大寒Greater Cold“小暑”是中国传统二十四节气(the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms)中的第十一个节气。

2020年11月翻译专业资格考试（CATTI）二级笔译实务英语【英译汉】第一篇：The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, "total factor productivity growth" – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs – grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Four Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labour markets.Adaption is critical. We need a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people – or 46 percent of the world's population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of African’s population is undernourished. The "zero hunger" target will almost certainly be missed.【英译汉】第二篇：In the mid-1800s a caterpillar, the size of a human finger, began spreading across the northeastern U.S. This appearance of the tomato hornworm was followed by terrifying reports of fatal poisonings and aggressive behavior towards people. In July 1869 newspapers across the region posted warnings about the insect, reporting that a girl had died after a run-in with the creature. That fall a local newspaper printed an account from a doctor. The physician warned that the caterpillar was "as poisonous as a rattlesnake" and said he knew of three deaths linked to its venom.Although the hornworm is a voracious eater that can strip a tomato plant in a matter of days, it is, in fact, harmless to humans. Entomologists had known the insect to be innocuous for decades, and his claims were widely mocked by experts. So why did the rumors persist even though the truth was readily available? People are social learners. We develop most of our beliefs from the testimony of trusted others such as our teachers, parents and friends. This social transmission of knowledge is at the heart of culture and science. But as the tomato hornworm story shows us, our ability has a gaping vulnerability: sometimes the ideas we spread are wrong.Over the past five years the ways in which the social transmission of knowledge can fail us have come into sharp falls. Misinformation shared on social media has fueled an epidemic of false belief. The same basic mechanisms that spread fear about the tomato hornworm have now intensified – and, in some cases, led to – a profound public mistrust of basic societal institution."Misinformation" may seem like a misnomer here. After all, many of today's most damaging false beliefs are initially driven by acts of disinformation, which are deliberately deceptive and intended to cause harm. But part of what makes disinformation so effective in an age of social media is the fact that people who are exposed to it share it widely among friends and peers who trust them, with no intention of misleading anyone. Social media transforms disinformation into misinformation. Many social scientists have tried to understand how false beliefs persist by modeling the spread of ideas as a contagion. In a contagion model, ideas are like viruses that go from mind to mind. You start with a network, which consists of nodes, representing individuals, and edges, which represent social connections. You seed an idea in one "mind" and see how it spreads.【汉译英】第一篇：2019 年 12 月，发现了一批聚集性肺炎病例。

2020年中级商务英语翻译试题为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC中级考试，给大家带来BEC中级翻译试题,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

2020年中级商务英语翻译试题(1)Talking about Claims谈索赔(一)Having found short weight of the linseed oil, Mr. Zhang, the sales manager of Weifang Oil and Fat Co.,Ltd. is asking for compensation to Mr. Green, who is the sales manager of Belgium linseed oil plant.发现缺量后，潍坊油品有限责任公司销售经理张先生向比利时亚麻籽油工厂营销经理格林先生索赔。

Buyer: Mr. Green, we received your delivered 1,000 tons of linseed oil. We are satisfied with the quality but we are surprised to find that 80 tons short weight of linseed oil on its arrival.格林先生，贵公司1000吨亚麻籽油已送达。

我们对油品质量很满意，然而想不到的是，这次商品短缺了80吨。

Seller: Really? How can that be? I am more surprised to hear that. Certificate of Quantity was issued by S.G.S, which is the most famous independent public recognized surveyor.有这回事?怎么可能呢?我更想不到会发生这种事。

产品重量是经SGS认证的，那可是最著名的独立公开认证机构。

2020年英语翻译口译笔译考试模拟试题及答案The recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as rippling job layoffs ravaged household budgets.Household income declined across all groups, but at sharper percentage levels for middle-income and poor Americans. Median income fell last year from $52,163 to$50,303, wiping out a decade's worth of gains to hit thelowest level since 1997. Poverty jumped sharply to 13.2 percent, an 11-year high.No one should be surprised at the increased disparity. Analysts attributed the widening gap to the wave of layoffsin the economic downturn that have devastated household budgets. They said while the richest Americans may be seeing reductions in executive pay, those at the bottom of theincome ladder are often unemployed and struggling to get by.中译英2020年翩不过至，世界24个时区的万千钟声，此起彼伏，宣告在这人类新千年中，一个10年代的终结，又是另一个10年代的开始。

2020年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题在备考中级笔译翻译的过程中，通过测试题，可以更有针对性地进行之后的复习。

小编给大家带来了2020年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

2020年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题汉译英：科技在中国发展中起到了“第一生产力”的作用，科技活力的迸发同样源于改革。

Science and technology have served as the primary productive force in driving China's development.A robust scientific and technological sector would not be possible without reform.Reform has also unleashed the vitality of science and technology,which have served as the primary driving force behind China’s robust development.30多年来，我们不断深化科研机构改革，在加强基础研究的同时，让科技人员进入市场去拼搏、去创造自己的价值，让科技企业在市场竞争中发展壮大，激发了市场和创新的活力。

Over the past30years and more,we have deepened reform of science and technology institutions.While strengthening basic research,we have encouraged the scientific and technological personnel to compete in the market and create their own value.In this way,we have developed and grown scientific and technological companies through market competition,and boosted the vigor of the market and innovation.We have been deepening the reform of research institutes over the past30-odd years.While beefing up basic research,we have encouraged scientific staff to create value on the market and enabled technology enterprises to grow and expand amid market competition.As a result,we have reenergized the market and spurred innovation.我们强力推进改革，就是要减少对创新活动的干预，让想创业、能创新的人都有机会、可作为，形成“大众创业、万众创新”的局面。

2020下半年翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题“一分耕耘，一分收获。

”在自己的理想道路上，多动脑筋，不断的思考，今天小编给大家带来了翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in f act they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.分析：① Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain (what he or she wants).译文 1 ：语言和文化学习，对儿童来说并不存在特定的程序和计划，但是由于语言是儿童得偿所愿最有效的方式，因而他们学语言的主观能动性是很高的。

中级翻译资格考试口译仿真试题答案（2）2017中级翻译资格考试口译仿真试题答案Part B: Listening ComprehensionI StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken only once, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question No. 1. Since Jack didn't hear the weather forecast, he didn't bring an umbrella to work..Question No. 2. They should have listened to the consultant's advice.Question No. 3. The advertising campaign is launched by a well-known sporting goods manufacturer.Question No. 4. Did Cathy leave the annual report in this drawer or in the other one?Question No. 5. Let's not sign the memo until we have a lawyer look at it.Question No. 6. The company replied that they were unable to deliver the spare parts until the end of January.Question No. 7. It took us less than the time stipulated in the contract to complete the project.Question No. 8. I'm afraid we won t be able to make it to your party tonight.Question No. 9. At first, many people didn't like that kind ofdesign, but after a while it caught on.Question No. 10. The consultant left no stone unturned in his research and investigation, and handed in an excellent report.ⅡTal ks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions only once. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following conversation.Woman: John, what hobby would you take up if you had more time?Man: I think I'd take up two different hobbies an indoor hobby and an outdoor hobby.Woman: Really? Why?Man: An outdoor hobby, like motor-racing, for a bit of fresh air and excitement; and an indoor hobby, like radio-making for example, for quiet concentration. What about you?Woman: I like indoor hobbies best. As you know, I like making decorations, toys and so on, but I'm also quite fond of knitting and I've made quite a lot of sweaters and the like for the family.Man: Yes, I've seen some of the things you've made. They re very fashionable. How long have you been doing it?Woman: I started years ago when I was still at school.Man: D'you spend all your free time on your hobbies.Woman: Well no. As a working mother there are many other matters I've got to attend to, but I do spend quite a lot of timeon my hobbies.Man: What about money? Do your hobbies cost you a lot of money?Woman: No, once you ve bought the basic tools most hobbies are comparatively cheap.Man: By the way, how did you learn to do all these handy things? Did you ever attend a special course ?Woman: I did once, but most of it I've picked up by myself or from books. There are dozens of books on hobbies in the bookshops.Man: Ah well. Perhaps I should take up my coin collection again.Woman: Yes, why not? You might even become an authority on old coins , John!Question No. 11. When the conversation started, what hobbies did the man say that he wanted to take up ?Question No. 12. According to the conversation, when did the woman start her hobbies?Question No. 13. How did the woman learn to do most of the handy things in her hobbies?Question No. 14. Which of the following is not a hobby that the man would probably take up?Questions 15 to 18 are based on the following lecture by a university professor.In the last chapter, we've discussed certain animal behaviors. This chapter is devoted to the methods used in the study of animals. When scientists are studying animals in the wild, they often want to follow the animals movements.One way that scientists have often tracked wild animals in the past has been with radio transmitters. A radio collar could beattached to an animal, and the animal could be tracked on a radio receiver. The major problem has been that radio signals were not very reliable. They could come and go as those animals traveled too far.Now scientists are using a new way to track animals in the wild. This new way of tracking animals use satellites. Transmitters are attached to animals in the wild, and the transmitters send signals into the atmosphere every few hours. Weather satellites circling the Earth receive the signals from the animals, and scientists get the information from the satellites.Question No. 15. What is the topic of the talk?Question No. 16. How did scientists follow animals in the past?Question No. 17. What is the new way of following animals?Question No. 18. In which course would this talk probably be given?Questions 19 to 22 are based on the following interview.I=Interviewer, M=ManI: What are your viewpoints about continuing education?M: What does that mean?I: Oh. Oh. I mean, by continuing education, that you ... go back to school after you you've finished, for example, high school or college.M: I wouldn't want to go back to school if I had to!I: Oh, well, why is that?M: Well. I went to school for twelve years..., it didn t do me a bit of good. I didn't get anything out of it and I... felt like I was a prisoner in school.I: Oh. How come you felt like you were a prisoner?M: Oh. I had to be there at eight o clock in the morning...Theytold me when I could eat lunch and when I could leave and ... and if they didn't like the way I was dressed, then they d make me stay longer and it wasjust a terrible experience for me.I: I see. So—Well, what do you do now?M: Well, I work in construction and... I'm pretty free to hammer nails and things like that.I: I see. You are a construction worker and you don't have a favorable opinion about school and continuing education.M: Well, I think that school restricts my freedom.Question No. 19. According to the woman, what does continuing education mean?Question No. 20. What did the man think about what he had learnt in school ?Question No. 21. Why did the man feel like a prisoner when he was in high school?Question No. 22. What was the man when he was interviewed?Questions 23 to 26 are based on the following talk.All over the world, it is adolescence that eventually triumphs. Imaginative, energetic and untempered by tradition and convention, they more often than not outwit and surprise the adult world. I. et me tell you a story to illustrate my point. It took place about a hundred years ago in a small village. One day there was an earthquake. Nothing was destroyed and no one was injured, but a huge rock rolled down from the mountain and stopped in the middle of the main road in the village.When the earthquake stopped, many of the village people came out into the road and saw the large rock. They decided to try to move the rock since it was blocking the road. The rock was more or less shaped like a sphere, about one meter in diameter.Some of the strongest men in the village came to try to lift the rock out of the road. No matter how hard they tried though, they couldn t move it. They tried to push it, they tried to roll it, they tried to pull it with ropes, but nothing worked. They couldn t move it.“Well,” they agreed. “It's impossible. The rock can't be moved. There's nothing we can do about it. We'll have to change the course of the road.”All of this time a young boy about 12 years old was watching the men trying to move the “he rock. “Excuse me, sirs,” he said, “but I think I can help you move the rock”. “You?” they shouted. “What are y ou talking about. You can't move this rock. All of us have just tried, and even together we can t move it at all.” The men all laughed at the boy.The next morning some people came into the street. One of them shouted. “The rock is gone. It's gone.” More p eople ran out into the street to see for themselves, it was true. The rock wasn t in the road anymore.“This is impossible,” they said. “Where did it go?” The twelve-year-old boy stood in the street, smiling. “I told you I could move it,” he said, I did it last night.The boy walked over to where the rock had been and uncovered some dirt with a shovel. “I buried it,” he said.The people looked amazed.“You see,” he said. “I dug a deep hole next to the rock and then I dug a small incline up towards the rock and the rock rolled down into the hole by itself. Then I covered it with dirt.”Question No. 23. According to the story, what happened to the small village?Question No. 24. Where was the small village located?Question No. 25. Since they were unable to remove the rock,what did the villagers decide to do?Question No. 26. What did the twelve-year-old boy do to the rock in the middle of the road?Questions 27 to 30 are based on the following conversation.Man: Sit down, Miss Brown. It's something personal, you say?Woman: Yes. You see, I'm going to get married next month and ...Man: Get married? I didn't know that. Congratulations!Woman: Thank you, but I'm afraid it means I have to give in my notice. I'd like to leave at the end of the month.Man: Really? I'm very sorry to hear that. Do you intend to stop working altogether, then?Woman: Oh, no! My fiance and I want to save up enough for a house and we wouldn t be able to do that if I stopped working right away. And it isn't that I don't like my job here, either. I'd stay if Peter, that s my fiance, weren t a Canadian.Man: A Canadian? I'm sorry, I don't understand. What's that got to do with it?Woman: Well, we're both going to live in Canada as soon as we get married.Man: Oh, I see. What does your fiance do for a living, by the way?Woman: He's an engineer. He often says he'd earn far more if he were back in Canada. 'That 's why he wants to go back.Man: But engineers are quite well paid here in this country. How much does he earn here, then, if I may ask?Woman: Two hundred and twenty dollars a week.Man: Is that all? That's very poor for a qualified engineer. You ought to tell him he'd get far more if he came and worked for us.Woman: Well...er...you see...Man: I mean, I'm sure that if I were a young engineer and if my salary were that low, I'd want to go to Canada, too. Where does he work, by the way?Woman: Er... as a matter of fact, he works here in your factory, Mr. Carter. He' you're your motor-design department.Question No. 27. What is the woman going to do next month?Question No. 28. Why does Peter, the woman's fiance, want to go to Canada?Question No. 29. How much does Peter earn per week now?Question No. 30. According to the woman, where is Peter working now?Part C: Listening and TranslationI Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version/n the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now, [et us begin Sentence Translation with Sentence No. 1.Sentence No. 1. Natural materials are often far more expensive than man-made products.Sentence No. 2. I'm sorry, you must book your flight at least 14 days in advance to get a 30 percent discount.Sentence No. 3. Since we can t match their skills, we decided to beat them on enthusiasm and hard work.Sentence No. 4. I won't be able to be present at the board meeting tomorrow because I have a dentist's appointment.Sentence No. 5. The staff of the International Affairs Office is here to assist you in every way possible. We can help you with passport or visa problems, financial problems, and even personalproblems.ⅡPassage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will ]tear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. Now, let us begin Passage Translation with the first passage.Passage 1:The women's liberation movement has succeeded in eliminating barriers that once kept women out of the professions. But one barrier still keeps non-college educated women from equal status in the labor force--the "pink collar" barrier. Seven out of eight working women are employed at j obs that have little status and almost no chance for advancement. These are pink collar jobs like waitress, secretary, and salesclerk.Passage 2:The microcomputer is the most recent addition to home electronic equipment. It resembles a typewriter with an attached TV screen and can perform a wide range of tasks from providing children with electronic games to keeping up-to-date Christmas lists. With additional hardware, the microcomputer will become as fashionable as microwave ovens and, like pocket calculators, popular as well.。

翻译考试中级口译模拟试题（2）翻译考试中级口译模拟试题点击查看试题答案及解析SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, A., B., C. or D., to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～5Today one in every ten of us has difficulty getting to sleep and, according to Dr. Ian Oswald of Edinburgh university, the reason is simple. Most people who can't sleep are their own worst enemies. They go to bed too early.For every person who works most efficiently on the usual eight hours of sleep a night, two work best on five or six, and two on nine or ten. Voltaire made do with three hours but Sir Winston Churchill would happily sleep for 12～14 hours at a stretch if he could.So how much sleep does a person really need? It seems that the national average for men is seven hours and ten minutes, and for women ten minutes less, but everyone's needs are different. Find out what you need and, according to Dr. Ernest Hartmann, one of America's leading sleep scientists, you're well on your way to allowing your body to work at its greatest efficiency.After studying the sleep habits of nearly 1000 people, Dr Hartmann believes it's the amount of deep sleep we get thatreally matters. We all need roughly the same amount—about 75 minutes a night. The rest, a shallower type of sllep, vaies greatly from person to person.How much of the second type of sleep, you need seems to depend on what sort of person you are. According to Dr. Hartmann short sleepers—those sleeping less than six hours a night— were busy, active people, employed in demanding jobs, and often worked a 60 or 70-hour week. Most of them had started sleeping shorter hours to deal with the pressure of schoolwork or business and fornd that a few hours sleep a night was quite enough. Their defence against worry and stress was usually to keep so busy that I don't have time to think about these things. ...”Most of the long sleepers —those needing at least nine hours — were self-employed. Almost all of them had slept for nine hours a night since late childhood, long before their work pattern became fixed. They tended to complain more than the short sleepers and several admitted that sleeping was an escape from life.In the past it was believed that too much sleep could be just as disturbing as too little, but now a study in America has shown that many people can enjoy ten hours or more and still be able to sleep through the following night.A sleep rese archer says: “No one should worry about not sleeping unless they are not feeling well or cannot do their work properly. Lack of sleep doesn't matter greatly if we are resting—the body can still get on with its repain work. But worrying about not sleeping can sometimes do you harm. There would be far less sleeplessness about if we planned our sleeping lives as carefully as we plan our waking ones.”1.According to the passage, people have difficulty getting to sleep because.A. they work more than sixty hours a weekB. they have too many enemiesC. they do not sleep happilyD. they are not tired enough2. In comparison with Voltaire, Sir Winston Churchill.A. was happier with three hours of sleepB. would sleep more when stretched outC. world enjoy a longer sleep if possibleD. was less happy when he was asleep3. Studies show that the average woman.A. sleeps less than the average manB. sleeps longer when she goes out to workC. has difficulty in getting to sleepD. sleeps over eight hours a night4. Dr. Harmann is mentioned in the passage.A. as the opponent of Dr. Ian OswaldB. because he has strange sleeping habitsC. as the pioneering sleep scientistD. because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits5. Not being able to sleep can be dangerous if we.A. are feeling wellB. worry about it too muchC. repair our bodies by restingD. plan our sleeping lives carefullyQuestions 6～10I think it was De Mandeville who suggested a river party for the staffs of the various embassies. Nor, on the face of it, was the idea a bad one. All winter long the logs come down the River Sava until the frost locks them in: now with the spring thaw theriver has a pontoon of treetrunks some forty feet wide lining the bank under the willows so that you can walk out over the river, avoiding the margins, and swim in the deep water.These logs had been made into a hundred feet by sixty—big enough even to dance on. While everyone was dancing the rumba and while the buffet was plying a heavy trade, it was noticed that the distance between the raft and the shore had noticeably increased. The gang-plank subsided in the ooze. It was not a great distance—perhaps ten feet. But owing to the solid resistance such a large raft set up in the main current the pull was definitely outward. But as yet nobody was alarmed; indeed most of the party thought it was part of a planned entertainment.As we approached the next bend of the river it looked as if the whole thing would run aground on the bank, and a few of us made preparations to grab hold of the overhanging willows and halt our progress. But by ill luck a change in the current carried usjust too far into the centre of the river and we were carried past the spit of land, vainly groping at the tips of bushes.It was about another five minutes before the full significance of our position began to dawn upon us. By this time we were moving in stately fashion down the centre of the river, all lit up like a Christmas tree. Exclamations, suggestions, counter suggestions poured from the lips of the diplomates and their spouses in a dozen tongues.Unknown to us, too, other factors were being introduced which were to make this a memorable night for us all. Spy-mania was at its height and the Yugoslav forces lived in a permanent state of alertness. There were frequent rumours of armed raids from Czechoslovakia.It was in this context that some Yugoslav infantryman at an observation post along the river saw what hetook to be a large armed man on war full of Czech paratroops in dinner jackets and ball dresses sailing upon Belgrade. He did not wait to verify this first impression. He galloped into Belgrade Castle a quarter of an hour later on a foam-flecked mule with the news that the city was about to be invaded.6. According to the passage, a river party was practicable because__________.A. the river was lined with willow treesB. the banks were not muddy at this timeC. there was a suitable surface for walking onD. there was not too much frost at this season7. The raft started moving from the shore because___________.A. the gang-plank had fallen in the mudB. the buffet was too heavyC. it was too large to stay in placeD. the organisers wanted to surprise the guests8. The raft did not stop at the next bend because_______________.A. there was too much mud on the river bankB. There were only bushes to catch hold ofC. the current made it swirl outwardsD. the water was not shallow enough9. According to the passage, people on the raft were____________.A. completely unaware of their situationB. quarrelling angrilyC. indignant with the organizers of the partyD. anxious to help solve the problem10. The Yugoslav look out made a mistake because______________.A. the party were dressed in soldiers' uniformsB. the raft was sailing towards BelgradeC. many of the party were armedD. he was affected by the general tensionQuestions 11～15The elephants left the shade, crossed an open piece of grass between bushes, and came towards the mud-pool where my truck was parked. One by one they arrived on the shore, but, just as they seemed to be about to bathe in the inviting muddy liquid, they became aware of the silent truck with its tell-tale smell of man. the leading elephant merely spread her ears and cautiously backed away taking the young elephants with her.A smaller mother elephant continued to stand next to the pool, however, swinging her long trunk and swaying her head from side to side, always keeping an eye on the truck. The baby elephant behind her held up his head, waving his trunk to sample the suspicious smell in the wind. The mother elephant seemed to be uncertain about whether to come on and investigate the truck or to back away with the other. Finally she made up her mind and slowly advanced on the truck. Her ears were helf out, and her trunk moved inquiringly towards the vehicle and then back under her stomach in a rhythmic swing.I was fascinated by this close approach. Never before had I been able to see the hairiness around the jaw, nor smell the warm scent of elephant, which now reached me in concentrated waves. The mother elephant's steps were slow but determine, and brought her to within a couple of metres of me.She gave the impression of being intensely curious about this metal object with had appeared in her world and behaved as if it were itself an animal. I wondered how far she would acceptthe situation and, if after all the centuries of men killing elephant, she would ever allow me to approach her on foot. T o be able to move freely among the elephants without their minding was an exciting thought, but I certainly did not expect it would ever be possible.11. It was the elephants' intention to___________.A. feed on the grassB. lie in the sunshineC. swim in the poolD. avoid the mud12. The presence of the writer and his vehicle______________.A. was not noticed by the elephantsB. made the leading elephant suspiciousC. made the adult elephants curiousD. frightened all the elephants away13. How did the smaller elephant react to the truck?A. She showed more curiosity than other elephants.B. She kept her baby away from it.C. After some hesitation she moved away with other elephants.D. She rushed up to it excitedly.14.While he watched the mother elephant approaching, the author______________.A. was worried that the elephants were too closeB. found the smell very unpleasantC. was impressed by the elephant's sizeD. saw the details he had not noticed before15. The author did not expect he would ever be able to_________________.A. see the elephants killedB. touch the elephantsC. walk about freely near the elephantsD. drive his truck close to the elephantsQuestions 16～20Whatever may be said against mass circulation magazines and newspapers, it can hardly be argued that they are out of touch with their reader's daydreams, and therefore the inducements such as gifts and prizes and prizes they hold out to them must be a near accurate reflection of their unfulfilled wants and aspirations. Study these and you will assuredly understand a good deal of what it is that makes society tick.Looking back, for example, to the twenties and thirties, we can see that circulation managers unerringly diagnosed the twin obsessions which dominated that era of mass unemployment-economic insecurity and a passionate concern for the next generation. Thus it was that readers were recruited with offers of free insurance policies for the one, and free instant, or an arm in a flood, could confidently expect to collect several hundred pounds from the Daily This of the Evening That. The family who could not afford to send their son to grammar school could find consolation in equipping him with the complete work of Shakespeare in one magnificent, easy to read volume.After the war the need to fall into step with the new consumer society was soon realised. If you were flanked by neighbours who, unlike you, could afford a holiday abroad, then winning an easy competition could set you up with a fortnight in an exotic sunspot. Dishwashers, washing machines, slow-cookers and deep-fat-friers were—and still are — available by the same means.16. The writer finds the study of gifts and prizes interesting because it_____________.A. shows the power of the popular pressB. reveals social trendsC. confirms his view of human natureD. exposesjournalistic dishonesty17. It can be inferred from the passage that newspapers in the 1920s and 1930s offered their readers gifts in order to______________.A. spread popular educationB. increase their circulationC. improve social conditionsD. enrich their readers' knowledge18. The choice of gifts tells us that the circulation managers______________.A. despised their readersB. wanted to educate their readersC. understood their readersD. enjoyed being powerful19. According to the passage, one of the reasons why readers in the 1920s and 130s were attracted by free insurance policies was that_____________.A. they were afraid of being unable to workB.jobs were more dangerous thenC. they had bigger families to look afterD. money was given away with the policies20. Why did holidays abroad become a common prize after the war?A. People became more interested in material possessions.B. Everyone wanted the opportuity to travel.C. Group travel became easier.D. People wanted to get away from familiar surroundings.Questions 21～25Extract 1A stylish dining room with cream walls and curtains and black carpet ad foil to an eclectic array of furniture. Many of the piecesare classics of their particular era, and demonstrate how old and new designs can be happily mixed together. The prototype chair in the foreground has yet to prove its staying power and was thought up by the flat's occupant. He is pictured in his living area which has the same decorative theme and is linked to the dining-room by a high Medieval-styled archway where there was once a redundant and uninspiring fireplace.Extract 2Old bathrooms often contain a great deal of ugly pipework in need of disguising. This can either be done by boxing in the exposed pipes, or by fitting wood panelling over them.As wood panelling can be secured over almost anything—including old ceramic tiles and chipped walls—it is an effective way of disguising pipework as well as being an attractive form of decoration. The panelling can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal.An alternative way to approach the problem of exposed pipes is to actually make them a feature of the room by picking the pipework out in bright strong colours.Extract 3Cooking takes second place in this charming room which, with its deep armchairs, is more of a sitting-room than a kitchen, and the new Rayburn stove was a good choice, as it blends in well with the old brick and beamed fireplace. There are no fitted units or built-in appliances, so all food preparation is done at the big farmhouse table in the foreground, and the china, pots and pans have been deliberately left on show to make an attractive display. What about the kitchen sink? It's hidden away behind an archway which leads into a small scullery. Here there's a second cooker and —in the best farmhouse tradition a huge, walk-in larder for all food storage.21. In what way does the colour of the carpet contribute to the stylishness of the dining room?A. It darkens the interior of the room.B. It provides a contrast to the furniture.C. It blends in with the tones of the funrniture.D. It gives the room a classical style.22. What is the purpose of the archway described in Extract 1?A. To hide an unattractive fireplace.B. To give the room an exotic eastern style.C. To Join the dining room with another room.D. to make room for the unusual seating arrangements.23. Extract 2 is most probably taken from___________.A. a fashion magazineB. a plumber's manualC. a do-it yourself magazineD. an advertisement for new bathrooms24. Extracts 2 and 3 focus on____________.A. old furnitureB. colour schemesC. cheap improvementsD. decorative approaches25. Which of the following rooms is NOT described in the three extracts?A. Dining-room.B. Siting-room.C. Bath-room.D. Kitchen.Question 26～30If You Really Want to Read This, You'll Be too BusyNEW YORK—Pythagoras had his theorems, Einstein his theories and Murphy his laws. I have developed the maxim of inverse reciprocals.After years of research, I've determined inverse reciprocalsaffecting all human endeavors. Consider these categorized examples.Travel There is an inverse reciprocal between:·the amount of luggage you are carrying and the distance from curbside to the airline ticket counter. The more luggage, the greater the distance.·the ammount of time you have left before the flight leaves and the distance you must go to reach the gate from which the plane leaves. If you have 30 minutes, the gate is 25 feet from the ticket counter. If you have three minutes, the gate is on the other side of airport.Vacations These is an inverse reciprocal between:·the size of the nonrefundable deposit you have already made and the health of the children(or spouse) the night before you are scheduled to leave.·the time at which you take a much needed long weekend, and the weather conditions during just those days.Entertainment There is an inverse reciprocal between:·our desire to see a film to the spur of the moment and the length of the line in front of you (and, perforce, the possiblility of tickets being available when you are next).·the time left to reach a theather for the opeining curtain (or, the start of movie) and the amount of traffic on the highway that you must take to get there (or, the number of red lights for which you must stop, if taking local roads).Home Care There is an inverse reciprocal between:·the number of plumbing parts removed, coupled with the importance of completing the new assembly, and the availability of one key nut (or, more generally, the need for a specific product and the time the store closes).·the volume of leaves gathered in a pile and the velocity of the wind immediately after the pile is made.Business There is an inverse reciprocal between:·the importance of the guests you are entertaining, coupled with the size of the bill, and either the credit cards accepted at the restaurant (relative to the credit cards in your wallet), the amount of cash in your pocket or the balance in your checkbook.·the new baby-sitter's curfew and the time it will take you to make the round trip to the dinner party your boss is giving.In each instance, which of the following statements (A), (B), (C) or (D) offers the best advice or comment in view of what the author has to say on the five subjects?26. TravelA. It takes a long time to buy tickets.B. It is best to travel light.C. It is best not to arrive too early.D. Latecomers usually catch their planes.27. VacationsA. Look for holidays with small deposits.B. Never pay too small a deposit.C. Book a day or two before you leave.D. Don't pay too much attention to weather forecasts.28. EntertainmentA. Give yourself plenty of time.B. Latecomers have most advantages.C. Traffic affects the size of a line (queue).D. Avoid main roads on evenings out.29. Home CareA. Don't try to do it yourself.B. Complete the new assembly in time.C. Supply yourself with sufficient parts.D. Remove the leaves gathered in a pile.30. BusinessA. Spend without limit on important guests.B. Carry your credit card when entertaining.C. Don't try to entertain guests cheaply.D. Be suitably prepared before entertaining.SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.On August 6, 1997, when 55,000 people gathered in Hiroshima to commemorate the 46th anniversary of the devastating bombing that killed an estimated 140,000 people and brought World War Ⅱto a sudden halt, the city's newly elected mayor broke with tradition by adding a few uncustomay lines to the annual Peace Declaration. It should also be recalled, he declared, that“Japan inflicted great suffering and despair on the peoples of Asia and the Pacific during its reign of colonial domination and war. For this we are truly sorry. ”Noting that this year marks the 50th anniversary of the Japaness assalt on the U.S., he added, “Remembering all too well the horror of this war, starting with the attack on Pearl Harbor and ending with the atombombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we are determined anew to work for world peace.”Usually, in Japan, when people discuss the war at all, they speak of vicitimization: their own victimization by the militarists who led the country into battle and by the Americans who bombed their cities. The suffering inflicted by the imperial army on the peoples of Asia is ignored, as is Japna's aggression inChina and at Pearl Harbor. The appealing image of Japan the victim has no room for the underside of Japan the aggressor.。

英语翻译二级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/2)Part ⅠInterpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第1题My wife Nane and I are both extremely happy to be with you today. I feel truly proud to belong to this extraordinary class of 2004, and I am pleased to see that so many parents and family members were here today. The day belongs to them, too. Without their constant support, understanding and sacrifice, none of us could have achieved what we have. For me, to receive a degree from Harvard is a very great honor indeed. There are few countries in the world whose leaders in public life, business, science and the humanities have not had some association with Harvard—and no country that has not benefited from Harvard´s outstanding contributions to human knowledge. //You have invited me, I know, not as an individual, but as Secretary-General of the United Nations. You are saying that the United Nations matters, and that you want to hear what we have to say. Are you fight in believing that the UN matters? I think you are, because the UN offers the best hope of a stable world and a broadly equitable world order, based on generally accepted rules. That statement has been much questioned in the past year. But recent events have reaffirmed, and even strengthened, its validity. A rule-based system is in the interest of all countries—especially today. Globalization has shrunk the world. The very openness, which is such an important feature of today´s most successful societies, makes deadly weapons relatively easy to obtain, and terrorists relatively difficult to restrain. //Today, the strong feel almost as vulnerable to the weak as the weak feel vulnerable to the strong. So it is in the interest of every country to have international rules and to abide by them. And such a system can only work if, in devising and applying the rules, the legitimate interests of all countries are accommodated, and decisions are reached collectively. That is the essence of multilateralism, and the founding principle of the United Nations. All great American leaders have understood this. That is one of the things that make this country such a unique world power. America feels the need to frame its policies, and exercise its leadership, not just in the light of its own particular interests, but also with an eye to international interests, and universal principles. //Among the finest examples of this was the plan for reconstructing Europe after World War Ⅱ, which General Marshall announced here at Harvard in 1947. That was one part of a larger-scale and truly statesmanlike effort, in which Americans joined with others to build a new international system—a system which worked, by and large, and which survives, in its essentials, nearly 60 years later. During those 60 years, the United States and its partners developed the United Nations, built an open world economy, promoted human rights and decolonization, and supported the transformation of Europe into a democratic, cooperative community of states, such that war between them has become unthinkable. //下一题(2/2)Part ⅠInterpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第2题If you thought multimedia was something to be enjoyed in the privacy of your home, think again. Banks are on the frontier of the "information superhighway" because they spend more on the technology than any other type of civilian business.Take the case of J. P. Morgan, America´s fourth largest bank by assets. It has developed a system whereby deals and documents can be finalized quickly on the computer screen with the help of an electronic pen. Its securities analysts in London and traders in Tokyo can talk to each other via the same screen. And clients´trust can be built up, and deals completed, faster than via a telephone line which carries no pictures.The new electronic gizmos are currently being introduced into Morgan´s trading departments in New York, but eventually they will be used around the world-Aisa included. They make it economically possible to establish small dealing rooms in capitals such as Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, while concentrating Morgan´s expensive back-office functions in Singapore.Morgan´s pioneering effort illustrates how United States banks are using high technology and large amounts of capital to lever their way into Asian markets.Rivals in Europe and Japan are doing so too, but they do not have the same access to the vast pool of saving available to American banks. US Pension Fund assets, for example, total US $4. 4 trillion, more than three times the size of Japan´s.US institutions are in the best position to act as a bridge between the growing capital demands of Asia and the supply of investment from the rest of the world. The bridge, of course, could wobble badly, as it did in the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s, but this is hard to imagine in the 1990s when the economic fundamentals in Asia look so favorable.It took American banks almost a decade to emerge from the Latin American rubble, but they are now formidable competitor. They have written off nonperforming loans and cut payrolls far more boldly than their Japanese counterparts, which are still dogged by soured loans to spendthrift property speculators in Japan.The US commercial banks´ toughest rivals in Asian cross-border business are more likely to be their investment-bank compatriots rather than the Japanese, and the capital markets of Asia, as elsewhere, will be their battleground.The big five US banks —Citibank, Bank of America, Chemical, Morgan and Chase Manhattan, enjoy the advantage of being big. Compared with firms such as Salomon Brothers and Goldman Sachs, the big five are bigger in most senses of the word. They have more capital, more staff and more branches worldwide through which to distribute corporate issues.What remains to be seen is whether they have trading and deal-making ability to compete with investment hanks.上一题下一题(1/2)Part ⅡInterpret the following passages from Chinese into English. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第3题下面你将听到一段回忆邓小平同志的发言。