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自动化专业常用英语词汇1. Automation（自动化）: The use of technology to control and monitor processes or systems, reducing the need for human intervention.2. Control system（控制系统）: A system that manages and regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)（可编程逻辑控制器）: A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as controlling machinery on factory assembly lines.4. Sensor（传感器）: A device that detects and responds to physical input from its environment, such as temperature, pressure, or motion.5. Actuator（执行器）: A mechanical or electrical device that converts energy into motion or force to control or move a system.6. Feedback（反馈）: Information about the output of a system that is used to adjust or modify the system's behavior.7. Process（过程）: A series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular result, often involving the transformation of inputs into outputs.8. Robotics（机器人技术）: The design, construction, and operation of robots, which are programmable machines designed to perform tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention.9. Artificial Intelligence (AI)（人工智能）: The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn, enabling them to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.10. Machine Learning（机器学习）: A subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms and statistical models that allow computers to learn and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.11. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）: The network of physical devices, vehicles, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to exchange data and enable remote monitoring and control of industrial processes.12. Human-Machine Interface (HMI)（人机界面）: The point of interaction between a human operator and a machine or system, typically through a graphical user interface (GUI) or touch screen.13. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)（监控与数据采集系统）:A control system architecture that uses computers, networked data communications, and graphical user interfaces for high-level process supervisory management and control.14. Robotics Process Automation (RPA)（机器人流程自动化）: The use of software robots or "bots" to automate repetitive, rule-based tasks, freeing up human workers for more complex or creative work.15. Mechatronics（机电一体化）: The combination of mechanical engineering, electronics, computer science, and control engineering to design and create intelligent systems and products.16. Data acquisition（数据采集）: The process of collecting, measuring, and recording data from sensors or other sources for analysis and control purposes.17. Control loop（控制回路）: A feedback system that continuously monitors and adjusts a process to maintain a desired output or setpoint.18. Fault diagnosis（故障诊断）: The process of identifying and analyzing faults or malfunctions in a system or component to determine the cause and potential solutions.19. Optimization（优化）: The process of finding the best solution or set of parameters to maximize efficiency, performance, or other desired criteria.20. Safety system（安全系统）: A set of measures, devices, and procedures designed to prevent accidents or mitigate their impact in an automated or industrial environment.In conclusion, the field of automation in engineering and technology involves various concepts, tools, and techniques. The above list provides a comprehensive collection of commonly used English vocabulary related to automation, covering different aspects such as control systems, robotics, artificial intelligence, data acquisition, and safety.。
自动化专业常用英语词汇1. Automation: The use of technology to control and operate processes or systems with minimal human intervention.2. Control system: A system that manages and regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Programmable logic controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes in industries.4. Sensor: A device that detects and responds to physical inputs such as temperature, pressure, or light, and converts them into electrical signals.5. Actuator: A device that converts electrical signals into physical motion or action, such as a motor or a solenoid.6. Feedback: Information about the output of a system that is used to make adjustments or corrections to the system.7. HMI (Human-Machine Interface): The interface between humans and machines, typically consisting of a display screen and input devices such as buttons or touchscreens.8. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system used for monitoring and controlling industrial processes from a central location.9. PLC programming: The process of writing and configuring the software that controls the behavior of a programmable logic controller.10. Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.11. Artificial intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.12. Machine learning: A subset of artificial intelligence that enables machines to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.13. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): The extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) to industrial environments, enabling connectivity and data exchange between devices and systems.14. Control loop: A feedback mechanism that continuously monitors and adjusts the output of a system to maintain a desired setpoint.15. PID controller: A control algorithm that uses proportional, integral, and derivative actions to regulate a system's output.16. Process optimization: The continuous improvement of processes to maximize efficiency, productivity, and quality.17. Robotics automation: The use of robots to automate tasks and processes, increasing productivity and reducing human involvement.18. Industrial automation: The application of automation technologies in industrial settings to improve efficiency, safety, and reliability.19. SCARA robot: A type of robot with a horizontal arm that can move in a plane, commonly used for assembly and pick-and-place operations.20. DCS (Distributed Control System): A control system that consists of multiple autonomous controllers distributed throughout a plant or facility.21. PLC ladder logic: A programming language that uses ladder diagrams to represent the logic of a control system.22. Fieldbus: A digital communication system used to connect field devices such as sensors and actuators to a control system.23. Safety interlock: A mechanism that prevents the operation of a system or equipment under unsafe conditions.24. Industrial network: A communication network that connects devices and systems in an industrial environment.25. Data logging: The process of recording and storing data from sensors and other devices for analysis and troubleshooting.26. Fault diagnosis: The process of identifying and analyzing faults or malfunctions in a system or equipment.27. Motion control: The management and coordination of the movement of mechanical systems, typically achieved through the use of servo motors and controllers.28. Human-robot collaboration: The interaction and cooperation between humans and robots in a shared workspace.29. SCADA system security: The implementation of measures to protect SCADA systems from unauthorized access, cyber threats, and data breaches.30. Virtual commissioning: The use of digital models and simulations to test and validate control systems before physical implementation.以上是自动化专业常用英语词汇的一些例子，这些词汇在自动化领域的学习和工作中时常会遇到，熟练掌握这些词汇将有助于提高专业能力和与国际同行交流的能力。
自动化专业常用英语词汇自动化是一门涉及机械、电子、计算机和控制系统等多个领域的学科，它致力于研究和开辟能够自动执行任务的系统和设备。
在自动化专业的学习和工作中，熟悉和掌握常用的英语词汇是非常重要的。
下面是自动化专业常用英语词汇的详细介绍。
1. Automation - 自动化Automation refers to the use of technology to control and operate a system or process without human intervention. It involves the use of various control systems, such as computers and robots, to perform tasks automatically.2. Control system - 控制系统A control system is a set of devices or software that manages and regulates the behavior of a system. It includes sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks that work together to maintain the desired performance of the system.3. Robotics - 机器人技术Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots. It involves the use of mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering principles to create machines that can perform tasks autonomously or with human assistance.4. Sensor - 传感器A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical inputs, such as light, temperature, pressure, or motion. It converts these inputs into electrical signals that can be processed by a control system.5. Actuator - 执行器An actuator is a device that converts electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy into mechanical motion. It is used to control or move a mechanism or system, such as opening or closing a valve or moving a robotic arm.6. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - 可编程逻辑控制器A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a specialized computer used to control and automate industrial processes. It is programmable and can be easily reconfigured to adapt to different tasks or requirements.7. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) - 人机界面The human-machine interface (HMI) is the user interface through which an operator interacts with a control system. It typically consists of a graphical display, buttons, and other input/output devices that allow the operator to monitor and control the system.8. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) - 监控与数据采集系统Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a system used to monitor and control industrial processes. It collects real-time data from various sensors and devices and provides a graphical interface for operators to monitor and control the system.9. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) - 工业物联网The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the use of internet-connected devices and sensors in industrial settings to collect and exchange data. It enables real-time monitoring, analysis, and control of industrial processes, leading to improved efficiency and productivity.10. Machine Learning - 机器学习Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on the development of algorithms and models that allow computers to learn and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. It is widely used in automation to improve system performance and decision-making.11. Control loop - 控制回路A control loop is a closed-loop system that continuously monitors and adjusts the output of a process to maintain a desired setpoint. It typically consists of a sensor, controller, and actuator that work together to regulate the system.12. Feedback - 反馈Feedback is the process of returning a portion of the output of a system back to the input for comparison and adjustment. It is used in control systems to continuously monitor and correct deviations from the desired performance.13. PID controller - 比例-积分-微分控制器A PID controller is a type of control algorithm that uses proportional, integral, and derivative actions to control a system. It is widely used in automation to achieve accurate and stable control of processes.14. Fault diagnosis - 故障诊断Fault diagnosis is the process of identifying and diagnosing faults or malfunctions in a system. It involves analyzing sensor data, system behavior, and performance to determine the cause of the problem and take appropriate corrective actions.15. Safety system - 安全系统A safety system is a set of measures and devices designed to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. It includes emergency stop buttons, safety interlocks, and protective barriers to minimize the risk of injury or damage.以上是自动化专业常用英语词汇的详细介绍。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言随着科技的不断进步，自动化技术已经深入到各个领域，成为现代工业、农业、服务业等不可或缺的一部分。
自动化专业英语，作为沟通自动化技术与国际交流的桥梁，其重要性不言而喻。
本文将全面探讨自动化专业英语的相关知识，帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一专业领域。
正文一、自动化专业英语词汇1.1 自动化专业英语涉及大量专业术语，如“PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）”、“DCS（分布式控制系统）”、“SCADA（监控和数据采集系统）”等。
1.2 这些术语在自动化领域具有特定的含义，准确理解和运用这些词汇是进行自动化专业交流的基础。
二、自动化技术文献翻译2.1 自动化技术文献涉及复杂的原理、设备和操作流程，要求译者具备深厚的专业背景和翻译技巧。
2.2 在进行文献翻译时，需注意保持原文的专业性，同时确保译文流畅易懂，不产生歧义。
三、自动化技术交流中的英语应用3.1 在国际自动化技术交流中，准确、专业的英语表达是至关重要的。
这不仅涉及到技术层面的沟通，还包括项目合作、商务谈判等场合。
3.2 有效的沟通能帮助企业和研究机构在国际合作中实现资源共享、技术进步和业务拓展。
四、自动化专业英语的特点4.1 自动化专业英语具有科技文体的特点，如表达客观、句子结构复杂、大量使用被动语态等。
4.2 此外，自动化专业英语还涉及到大量的技术细节描述和工程实践用语，需要译者具备相应的专业背景知识。
五、提高自动化专业英语水平的途径5.1 持续学习：保持对自动化领域新技术、新知识的关注，了解行业发展趋势。
5.2 实践应用：在实际工作中运用所学的专业英语知识，通过实践提高英语交流能力。
5.3 专业培训：参加针对自动化领域的英语培训或研讨会，与同行交流学习经验。
5.4 阅读与写作：定期阅读英文原版的自动化技术文献，提高阅读理解能力；尝试撰写技术报告或参与国际会议的论文写作，提升英文表达能力。
六、自动化专业英语的未来发展6.1 随着全球工业4.0及智能制造的推进，自动化专业英语将在国际化交流中发挥更加重要的作用。
自动化专业常用英语词汇自动化专业是现代工程技术领域的重要学科之一，涉及到许多与自动化技术相关的概念和术语。
掌握自动化专业常用的英语词汇对于学习和工作都至关重要。
以下是一些常见的自动化专业英语词汇及其解释，供您参考。
1. Automation - 自动化Automation refers to the use of technology, machinery, and systems to perform tasks or processes with minimal human intervention.2. Control system - 控制系统A control system is a set of devices or software that manages, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Sensor - 传感器A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical or environmental changes, such as temperature, pressure, or motion.4. Actuator - 执行器An actuator is a device that converts electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy into mechanical motion to control or move a system or mechanism.5. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - 可编程逻辑控制器A PLC is a digital computer used to control electromechanical processes in industries. It is programmed to automate specific tasks or processes.6. Human Machine Interface (HMI) - 人机界面HMI refers to the interface or interaction between humans and machines. It allows users to monitor and control automated systems through graphical user interfaces.7. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) - 监控与数据采集系统SCADA is a system that collects and analyzes real-time data from remote devices or processes. It is commonly used in industries to monitor and control large-scale systems.8. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) - 工业物联网IIoT refers to the network of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems used in industrial settings to collect and exchange data. It enables automation and data-driven decision-making.9. Robotics - 机器人技术Robotics involves the design, construction, and operation of robots. It combines elements of mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science to create machines that can perform tasks autonomously or with human guidance.10. Artificial Intelligence (AI) - 人工智能AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as speech recognition, decision-making, and problem-solving.11. Machine Learning - 机器学习Machine learning is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms and models that allow computers to learn and improve from data without being explicitly programmed.12. Control loop - 控制回路A control loop is a feedback system used in control systems to continuously monitor and adjust the output based on the desired input or setpoint.13. Feedback - 反馈Feedback is the information or signals received by a control system that allows it to compare the actual output with the desired output and make necessary adjustments.14. Process optimization - 过程优化Process optimization involves improving the efficiency, performance, or quality of a system or process through the use of automation and data analysis.15. Fault diagnosis - 故障诊断Fault diagnosis is the process of identifying and analyzing faults or malfunctions in a system or process. It often involves using sensors, data analysis, and diagnostic algorithms.16. System integration - 系统集成System integration refers to the process of combining different subsystems or components into a unified system that functions as a whole. It involves connecting, configuring, and testing various hardware and software components.17. Industrial control network - 工业控制网络An industrial control network is a communication network used to connect and control devices, sensors, and systems in an industrial environment. It enables data exchange and coordination between different components.18. Safety system - 安全系统A safety system is a set of measures, devices, or procedures designed to prevent accidents, protect personnel, and ensure the safe operation of automated systems.19. Process automation - 过程自动化Process automation refers to the use of technology and systems to automate and streamline industrial processes, reducing human intervention and improving efficiency.20. Data acquisition - 数据采集Data acquisition is the process of collecting and recording data from sensors, devices, or systems. It is an essential step in monitoring and controlling automated processes.以上是一些常见的自动化专业英语词汇及其解释。
第二部分控制理论第1章1.1控制系统的引入人类控制自然力量的设计促进人类历史的发展，我们已经广泛的能利用这种量进行在人类本身力量之外的物理进程。
在充满活力的20世纪中，控制系统工程的发展已经使得很多梦想成为了现实。
控制系统工程队我们取得的成就贡献巨大。
回首过去，控制系统工程主要的贡献在机器人，航天驾驶系统包括成功的实现航天器的软着陆，航空飞机自动驾驶与自动控制，船舶与潜水艇控制系统，水翼船、气垫船、高速铁路自动控制系统，现代铁路控制系统。
以上这些类型的控制控制系统和日常生活联系紧密，控制系统是一系列相关的原件在系统运行的基础上相互关联的构成的，此外控制系统存在无人状态下的运行，如飞机自控驾驶，汽车的巡航控制系统。
对于控制系统，特别是工业控制系统，我们通常面对的是一系列的器件，自动控制是一个复合型的学科。
控制工程师的工作需要具有力学，电子学，机械电子，流体力学，结构学，无料的各方面的知识。
计算机在控制策略的执行中具有广泛的应用，并且控制工程的需求带动了信息技术的与软件工程的发展。
通常控制系统的范畴包括开环控制系统与闭环控制系统，两种系统的区别在于是否在系统中加入了闭环反馈装置。
开环控制系统开环控制系统控制硬件形式很简单，图2.1描述了一个单容液位控制系统，图2.1单容液位控制系统我们的控制目标是保持容器的液位h在水流出流量V1变化的情况下保持在一定可接受的范围内，可以通过调节入口流量V2实现。
这个系统不是精确的系统，本系统无法精确地检测输出流量V2，输入流量V1以及容器液位高度。
图2.2描述了这个系统存在的输入（期望的液位）与输出（实际液位）之间的简单关系，图2.2液位控制系统框图这种信号流之间的物理关系的描述称为框图。
箭头用来描述输入进入系统，以及输出流出系统。
这个控制系统没有反馈连接，这种反馈缺失用术语描述为开环。
图2.3描述场效应管控制的直流电机控制切断轮恒速运转。
一旦有木料接触到切断轮的表面，将对驱动转矩产生一个干扰转矩，在假定控制信号保持恒定的情况下，导致切割轮的转速下降。
自动化专业英语自动化专业英语是指在自动化领域中所使用的英语专业术语和表达方式。
自动化是一门涉及控制系统、电子技术、计算机科学和工程学等多学科交叉的学科，因此在学习和实践中，掌握专业英语对于自动化专业学生和从事自动化工作的人员来说至关重要。
以下是自动化专业英语中常见的词汇和表达方式：1. Automation - 自动化Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce human intervention in a process, resulting in improved efficiency, reliability, and safety.2. Control system - 控制系统A control system is a set of devices or software that manages and regulates the behavior of a system or process.3. Programmable logic controller (PLC) - 可编程逻辑控制器A PLC is a digital computer used to automate electromechanical processes, typically in industrial environments.4. Sensors - 传感器Sensors are devices that detect and respond to physical inputs, such as temperature, pressure, or motion, and convert them into electrical signals.5. Actuators - 执行器Actuators are devices that convert electrical signals into mechanical motion, such as motors or solenoids.6. Industrial robots - 工业机器人Industrial robots are programmable machines designed to perform tasks with precision and speed in industrial settings.7. Human-machine interface (HMI) - 人机界面HMI refers to the graphical user interface through which humans interact with machines or systems, often using touchscreens or control panels.8. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) - 监控与数据采集系统SCADA is a system used to monitor and control industrial processes, allowing operators to remotely monitor and control various devices and collect data.9. Programmable automation controller (PAC) - 可编程自动化控制器A PAC is a device that combines the features of a PLC and a PC, providing advanced control capabilities and connectivity options.10. Process control - 过程控制Process control involves monitoring and adjusting variables in a production process to maintain desired output quality and efficiency.11. Feedback loop - 反馈环路A feedback loop is a control mechanism that uses the output of a system to adjust the input, ensuring the system operates within desired parameters.12. Industrial communication protocols - 工业通信协议Industrial communication protocols are standardized sets of rules and formats that enable devices and systems to exchange information in an industrial environment.13. Fault diagnosis - 故障诊断Fault diagnosis involves identifying and analyzing problems or malfunctions in a system to determine the cause and develop appropriate solutions.14. System integration - 系统集成System integration refers to the process of combining different subsystems or components into a unified system that functions effectively and efficiently.15. Real-time control - 实时控制Real-time control refers to the ability to monitor and respond to events or inputs immediately, without delay, to ensure timely and accurate control of a system.以上是自动化专业英语中的一些常见词汇和表达方式，掌握这些专业术语将有助于您在学习和实践中更好地理解和交流自动化相关的知识和技术。
自动化专业翻译必备词汇自动化专业是现代工程技术中的重要领域，涉及到各种自动化系统的设计、开发和应用。
在进行自动化专业翻译时，熟悉相关的专业术语是非常重要的。
下面是一些自动化专业翻译中必备的词汇及其解释，以帮助您更好地理解和翻译相关文本。
1. Automation（自动化）Automation refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. It involves the design and implementation of systems or processes that can operate automatically.2. Control system（控制系统）A control system is a set of devices or software that manages, regulates, and directs the behavior of other devices or systems. It ensures that the desired output is achieved by adjusting the input or parameters.3. PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. It is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes. PLCs are widely used in industrial control systems to monitor and control machinery and processes.4. SCADA（监控与数据采集系统）SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It refers to a system that collects and analyzes real-time data from various remote locations. SCADA systems are commonly used in industries such as power plants, water treatment plants, and manufacturing facilities.5. HMI（人机界面）HMI stands for Human-Machine Interface. It is a graphical interface that allows users to interact with machines or systems. HMIs provide visual representations of data and enable operators to control and monitor processes.6. Sensor（传感器）A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical or environmental changes. It converts the measured data into electrical signals that can be processed by other devices or systems. Sensors are used to collect data for automation and control purposes.7. Actuator（执行器）An actuator is a device that converts electrical signals into physical action. It is used to control or move mechanical systems. Actuators are commonly used in automation systems to perform specific tasks or functions.8. Robotics（机器人技术）Robotics refers to the design, construction, and operation of robots. Robots are programmable machines that can perform tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention. Robotics is an important field in automation technology.9. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）IIoT refers to the network of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems in an industrial setting. It enables the exchange of data and information between machines, allowing for improved automation, efficiency, and productivity.10. Control algorithm（控制算法）A control algorithm is a set of mathematical equations or rules that determine how a control system behaves. It defines the relationship between the input and output variables and guides the system's response to achieve the desired control objectives.11. Feedback loop（反馈环路）A feedback loop is a mechanism in a control system that uses the output of a process to modify the input or parameters. It allows the system to continuously adjust and improve its performance based on the feedback received.12. PID controller（比例积分微分控制器）PID controller stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller. It is a control algorithm widely used in industrial automation. The PID controller continuously calculates and adjusts the control signal based on the error between the desired setpoint and the measured process variable.13. Programmable automation（可编程自动化）Programmable automation refers to the use of programmable devices or systems to automate processes or tasks. It allows for flexibility and adaptability in changing or reprogramming the automation logic as needed.14. System integration（系统集成）System integration is the process of combining different subsystems or components into a unified and cohesive system. It involves connecting and coordinating various hardware and software elements to ensure seamless operation and communication.15. Fault diagnosis（故障诊断）Fault diagnosis is the process of identifying and analyzing faults or malfunctions in a system. It involves detecting, isolating, and troubleshooting problems to restore the system's normal operation.以上是一些自动化专业翻译中常用的词汇及其解释。
自动化专业常用英语词汇Title: Common English Vocabulary in Automation ProfessionIntroduction:In the field of automation, it is essential to have a good command of English vocabulary to communicate effectively with colleagues and understand technical documents. This article will introduce some common English words and phrases frequently used in the automation profession.1. Technical Terms:1.1. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): A specialized computer used to control machinery and processes in industrial automation.1.2. HMI (Human Machine Interface): A device or software that allows operators to interact with machines and systems.1.3. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system used to monitor and control industrial processes.2. Control Systems:2.1. PID Controller (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller): A control loop feedback mechanism used in industrial control systems.2.2. Closed-loop Control: A control system where feedback is used to adjust the output based on the desired setpoint.2.3. Open-loop Control: A control system where the output is not adjusted based on feedback.3. Sensors and Actuators:3.1. Proximity Sensor: A sensor that detects the presence or absence of an object without physical contact.3.2. Solenoid Valve: An electromechanically operated valve used to control the flow of liquids or gases.3.3. Servo Motor: A motor that allows for precise control of position, velocity, and acceleration.4. Communication Protocols:4.1. Modbus: A communication protocol commonly used in industrial automation for connecting electronic devices.4.2. Ethernet/IP: A communication protocol that allows devices to communicate over an Ethernet network.4.3. Profibus: A standard for fieldbus communication in automation technology.5. Safety and Compliance:5.1. Safety PLC: A specialized PLC designed to meet safety requirements in industrial automation.5.2. SIL (Safety Integrity Level): A measure of the reliability of safety functions in a system.5.3. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration): A government agency that sets and enforces safety standards in the workplace.Conclusion:Having a good understanding of common English vocabulary in the automation profession is crucial for success in this field. By familiarizing yourself with technical terms, control systems, sensors and actuators, communication protocols, and safety and compliance, you can communicate effectively with colleagues and navigate technical documents with ease.。
