杭州中考模拟试卷

2024年初中学业水平模拟考试科学考生须知：1．本试卷满分为160分，考试时间为120分钟。

2．答题前，在答题卡上写姓名和准考证号。

3．必须在答题卡的对应位置上答题，写在其他地方无效。

答题方式详见答题卡上的说明。

4．考试结束后，试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

（可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 O-16 P-31 S-32 Cl-35.5 Ca-40 Fe-56 Zn-65 Ba-137）试题卷一、选择题（每小题3分，共45分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1．我国科学家在嫦娥五号月壤中发现了新矿物“嫦娥石”[(Ca 8Y)Fe(PO 4)7]、获得了未来聚变能源资源——He-3的含量和提取参数，为我国月球资源评价和开发提供了基础科学数据。

下列分析正确的是A ．PO 43-中P 的化合价为+5价B ．嫦娥石中钙、磷元素的质量比是8:7C ．He-3的原子核内有3个质子D ．He-3和H-3互为同位素原子2．小乐依据体积大小，将氢原子、肌细胞、太阳、月球标注在数轴的甲乙丙丁四处，如图所示。

其中乙处标注的是 A ．氢原子 B ．肌细胞 C ．太阳 D ．月球3．假如只有地球自转方向变成与现在相反，下列现象最有可能在杭州出现的是A ．太阳西升东落B ．没有昼夜现象C ．没有昼夜交替现象D ．没有四季变化 4．如图所示为在光学显微镜下观察到的洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞和人体口腔上皮细胞的视野，下列分析正确的是 A ．为了观察到更多的口腔上皮细胞，应选用高倍物镜B ．将①所在的细胞移至视野中央，应向右上方移动装片C ．①和②是细胞核，能控制细胞与外界进行物质交换D ．乙中细胞比甲中细胞少了液泡和叶绿体5．如图所示为“测定反应速度”的实验示意图，关于被试者的反射活动，下列叙述正确的A ．感受器是手指的皮肤B ．神经中枢位于小脑C ．效应器是手指的肌肉D ．该反射是非条件反射6．人乳头瘤病毒（HPV ）感染是诱发宫颈癌的主要因素，注射HPV 疫苗可降低宫颈癌的发病率。

2022-2023学年浙江省杭州市中考试卷一、选择题：本大题共20小题，共80分。

1.2019年8月《Science》杂志报道，科学家合成了一种环状碳分子C，这种分子具有广泛的应用前景。

1个环状碳分子C18中共含有18个（）A.原子B.质子C.中子D.电子2.工业上可通过如下反应制取氧化钠：2NaNO3+10Na=6Na2O+N2↑，下列相关说法正确的是（）A.反应物NaNO3属于氧化物B.生成物N2的化学性质由氮气分子(N2)保持C.该反应属于复分解反应D.反应前后只有氮元素化合价发生变化3.2020年初以来，世界多地先后暴发了严重的“新冠肺炎”疫情。

下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.“新冠肺炎”是一种高致病性的遗传病B.勤洗手对“新冠肺炎”的传染没有预防效果C.研制“新冠肺炎”疫苗的目的是有效切断传播途径D.对确诊病例进行强制医学隔离的目的是控制传染源4.健康人的正常体温调节过程如下：环境温度高于体温→感受器→体温调节中枢→效应器→调节活动X。

下列关于活动X的说明，合理的是（）A.皮肤血管收缩B.汗液分泌增加C.浑身肌肉颤抖D.适当增添衣裤5.下列估算最接近实际的是()A.一个中学生受到的重力约为50NB.科学课本中一张纸的厚度约为8nmC.一个成年人双脚站立时对地面的压强约为1000PaD.成年人正常步行速度约为1.3m/s6.用显微镜观察经染色的人体口腔上皮细胞临时装片，观察到的实验现象与原因分析不吻合的一项是()选项实验现象可能的原因A视野中没有细胞未在口腔内壁刮取细胞B视野中无光斑物镜未对准通光孔C视野中有许多黑色圆圈细胞数量太多D视野中的细胞往左移动观察者将装片往右移动A.AB.BC.CD.D7.小金在野外观察到4株植物P、Q、R和S，并设计如图所示的二歧分类检索表来分辨这些植物。

若上述4株植物中有一株植物是桃树,则它是()A.PB.QC.RD.S8.生物体结构与功能相适应的现象是在长期进化过程中形成的。

2024年初中学业水平模拟考试语文考生须知：1.本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，在答题卡上填写学校、姓名、班级和考生考号。

3.必须在答题卡的对应答题位置上答题，写在其他地方无效。

4.考试结束后，试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、阅读下面文字，完成主题学习任务。

（23分）1. 根据语境，填写恰当内容。

（1）《古汉语常用字字典》中“择”的本义是“选择，挑选”，《论语·述而》“择其善者而从之，①______“中的“择”就是其义：同“圣”偏旁的字还有“泽”“驿”“峄”“绎”等字，其中本义为“聚水的洼地”的字是“泽”， 本义为“找出头绪， 探究”的字应是“②_______”。

（2）面对人生的种种境遇， 他们的选择铸就了中华文化精神，国家有难，“③______，从此替爷征”是木兰的选择：前路崎岖，想到“④______，⑤_______”的姜尚、伊尹（《行路难》其一），冲破阻力去施展抱负是李白的选择。

当“生”与“义”不能两全时，孟子提出“二者不可得兼，⑥_______”的主张，兵败被俘、拒绝招降的文天祥就是以“人生自古谁无死，⑦______”的人生誓言践行了这样的选择。

（3）人生面临退缩或进取选择时，总有一些古诗句会给予我们坚持的力量，请你写出一联诗句，⑧______，⑨______。

[提示：不与（2）中的诗句重复]【答案】 ①. 其不善者而改之 ②. 绎 ③. 愿为市鞍马 ④. 闲来垂钓碧溪上 ⑤. 忽复乘舟梦日边 ⑥. 舍生而取义者也 ⑦. 留取丹心照汗青 ⑧. 示例：长风破浪会有时 ⑨. 直挂云帆济沧海(其他如“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”等积极向上的诗句皆可【解析】【详解】本题考查名句名篇默写。

默写题作答时，一是要透彻理解诗文的内容；二是要认真审题，找出符合题意的诗文句子，三是答题内容要准确，做到不添字、不漏字、不写错字。

注意本题中的易错字：善、绎、愿、鞍、垂、溪、忽、乘。

2024年浙江省杭州市中考英语模拟试卷（二）一、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

Nervously，but for courage，I held the rope of my guide dog Coco a bit tighter when we passed by my neighbour's yard.Walking by Mr.Smith's （1）______ was the best part of our morning walk.And also the （2）______ .The sweet smell of the beautiful roses in Mr.Smith's yard was absolutely the best.The worst，came from Mr.Smith，an ice-cold man."Hello，Mr.Smith."I greeted him as usual，and hedidn't （3）______， as usual.But I knew （4）______ was there，at the door.I could hear him take a few steps back.Without eyesight（视力），my （5）______ were like my"eyes" and even better than them sometimes.I heard him （6）______ the door quickly and everything went silent.I wondered （7）______ Mr.Smith always ignored（忽视） me."Why （8）______ two people who both like roses be friends？" The question circled in my mind for long.Maybe because I'm blind（盲的）？Disabled people sometimes do make people （9）______ .They are different from common people and some even look strange.But I heard him playing chess with Jimmy who's in a wheelchair. Maybe local people dislike foreigners But he and my brother Joe get on well.Maybe because I'm a girl？（ 10）______ when my friend Helen greets him，he says hello to her warmly.So Mr.Smith likes Jimmy，Joe and Helen，but not me and Coco!Wait!I （11）______ seemed to understand the reason he didn't talk to me.I just needed to prove（证实） it.I tied Coco to a tree，felt my way and moved slowly.Without Coco leading the way，I was not sure about each step.I heard his gate open."Jenny!Be （12）______ !"Mr.Smith shouted worriedly and the next second，he took me by the arm."Mr.Smith，I didn't think you liked me.Now I guess I've （13）______ the secret—you are afraid of Coco？"I asked him in a low voice."Yeah，Jenny.You know，your Coco is such a...big dog." Mr.Smith laughed，feeling embarrassed（尴尬的）（ 14）______ a child being caught."Your fear of Coco may be big，but our （15）______ is BIGGER!I'll help e..."1.A. yard B. study C. kitchen D. bedroom2.A. best B. worst C. easiest D. hardest3.A. move B. notice C. reply D. escape4.A. I B. it C. he D. she5.A. eyes B. ears C. hands D. feet6.A. open B. shut C. repair D. answer7.A. how B. why C. when D. where8.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't9.A. excited B. lucky C. angry D. afraid10.A. So B. And C. But D. Because11.A. certainly B. suddenly C. recently D. naturally12.A. honest B. polite C. confident D. careful13.A. paid for B. found out C. made up D. suffered from14.A. like B. for C. except D. with15.A. dream B. happiness C. friendship D. surprise二、补全对话-填空：本大题共1小题，共10分。

浙江省杭州市2024年中考语文模拟试题及答案(29分)1．回顾课文，根据要求完成表格。

2．根据提示完成表格。

3．诗人汪国真曾写道：“我不去想是否能够成功，既然选择了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。

”请从以下选项中任选一位人物，结合作品内容，谈谈你对这一诗句的理解。

A彭德怀《红星照耀中国》B尼摩船长《海底两万里》C孙少平《平凡的世界》____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．填入下面文字横线处的词语，最合适的一项是()“行走”的内涵十分丰富：“行走”常常是艰难的，人类不断蜗行摸索，历经450 万年才进化到“直立行走”；“光路具有可逆性”，让我们联想到“行走”有时要学会____：“两点之间线段最短”，启示着我们“行走”时需要认准目标，____。

A．伫立不前趋之若鹜B．迷途知返勇往直前C．小心翼翼一气呵成5．马拉松是一项考验耐力的长跑运动，但近年来不少马拉松比赛出现了一些有趣的现象：参赛者有身着汉服参加的，有一边跑一边拍照的，甚至有带着宠物来的。

有人认为跑步比赛应该严肃认真，也有人认为体育赛事可以是大众的狂欢。

对此，你有何看法？请写一段120字左右的文字，表达你的思考。

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________(17分)阅读一棵被描写的树东西①它就站在那儿，站在谷里屯风声呼呼的坳口，年龄两百多岁，身材粗壮，要两人张开手臂才能合抱，高一百多米，枝丫撑开像一把巨伞。

浙江省杭州市2024年中考英语模拟试题(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。

（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30阅读理解2-Day Essence of Hangzhou TourHangzhou is famous for its natural beauty and historical and cultural places. The ancient saying has it"There is a paradise in the heaven, and down on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou".B=Breakfast, L=Lunch, D-=DinnerClick here for more information1．What will tourists most probably do on the second day?A．Pick tea leaves.B．Climb mountains.C．Watch a silk show.D．Go swimming.2．How much will Mr. and Mrs. Black pay for a Four-Diamond tour with their 9-year-old daughter?A．$650.B．$775.C．$930.D．$950.3．Where is the text from?A．A web page.B．A magazine.C．A guide book.D．A novel.阅读理解①Smart transportation is leading to the birth of new apps for smart cities in China. In recent years, technology companies have worked hard to speed up the use of driverless robotaxis and Baidu is one of the pioneers.②In June 2019, Baidu started to test its driverless taxis in certain areas in Changsha. In 2020, its Apollo Go robotaxis, also known as "Luobo Kuaipao" in Chinese, officially began its service in certain areas in Changsha, Cangzhou and Beijing. In March 2022, Beijing allowed Baidu to test fully driverless robotaxis on certain roads, which meant a further step forward. In June 2023, Baidu carried out its driverless taxi service in Shenzhen across an area of 188 km2 from 7 am to 10 pm daily.③Booking a ride on Apollo Go is as simple as a few taps on your phone screen. Passengers just need to tell the app Apollo Go or Baidu Map where they are and where to go. Then, a car will appear. With sensors (传感器) and cameras all over the car, a computer takes full control of the drive. A screen on the back seat shows customers the information of the ride and how the robotaxi "looks" at the space around to see other cars, humans, and anything else that might get in its way.④"The robotaxi goes at about the same speed, providing a good riding experience," a user posted online. By September 2023, the number of orders has reached four million. The user satisfaction rating for the Apollo Go app has reached 4.9 out of 5 and 97.12% of the reviews are five-star ratings. So far, Apollo Go robotaxi service has covered 11 cities and by 2025, it plans to test its robotaxis in other 65 cities.⑤However, safety is the key in the development of driverless robotaxis. In the future, Apollo Go and the other companies should take more time to improve the system in order to provide comfortable and safe rides. 4．What did Baidu work on according to the passage?A．Driverless taxis.B．Robotaxi sensors.C．Safety apps.D．Robotaxi Maps.5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A．The risk of Apollo Go.B．The future of Apollo Go.C．The advantages of Apollo Go.D．The development of Apollo Go.6．How dose the writer show the popularity of Apollo Go in Paragraph 4?A．By telling a story.B．By doing experiments.C．By listing numbers.D．By giving examples.7．What can we learn about Apollo Go robotaxis from the passage?A．The robotaxi has caused a lot of traffic problems since it was put into use.B．People in Shenzhen could take a ride even at midnight in June 2023.C．Baidu will test Apollo Go robotaxi service all over the country by 2025.D．Passengers sitting on the back seats can know about their rides from a screen.阅读理解A particular picture especially touched me while reading news article about a tornado (龙卷风) just happened in a village around Florida. In the picture, a young woman with a worried face stood in front of an entirely destroyed mobile home. A small girl, three or four years old, stood at her side, clutching (攥紧) at her skirt and stared into the camera with a pair of eyes full of fear. At the end of the article, a telephone number was offered.This would be a good chance to teach my kid to help those in need. I showed the picture to my six-year-old daughter, Meghan, explaining what happened in the picture. "We have so much. But these poor people now have nothing," I said. "Let's share what we have with them."I brought a large box and placed it on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously as I filled the boxes with old clothes that we don't want any more. Then she left and soon came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She stopped in front of the box for a moment, gave the doll a final kiss, then put it gently on top of the clothes."Oh, Honey," I said. "You don't have to give away Lucy. You love her so much." Meghan nodded seriously, with held-back tears." ▲ ." Megan said.I stared at Meghan for a long moment and didn't know what to say. I suddenly realized that it's easy to give away things that we don't want, but harder to let go off things we value, isn't it? True generosity (慷慨) is a three-year-old girl offering her favorite dol to a little girl she doesn't know because she hopes it will bring this child as much pleasure as it brought her. The true spirit of giving is to give with your heart.I, who had wanted to teach, had been taught.8．What is the right order of the following events?a. My daughter gave away her doll.b. A tornado happened around Florida.c. I saw a picture on the newspaper.d. I filled the box with old clothes.e. I learned a lesson from my daughter.A．bcade B．cbade C．cbdae D．bcdae9．Which of the following can be put into the blank ____▲____?A．Lucy is my favorite doll. I don't want to give it to that girl.B．Lucy makes me happy. It can make that girl happy, too.C．I used to like Lucy, but I don't like it now because it's old.D．I have to give Lucy to her, because I have nothing else to give her.10．How does the mother probably feel about her daughter in the end?A．Worried.B．Excited.C．Sorry.D．Proud.11．What's the best title for the passage?A．A Kind Girl B．A Special DollC．A Valuable Lesson D．A Thankful Mother阅读理解①Most people know about endangered plants and animals. However, not everyone knows that many languages are in danger, too. Recently, there are almost 500 languages that are officially endangered. According to a study, 95% of the world's population only speak 6% of the existing 7,000 languages. This means that only 6% speak all the other languages. Some languages have fewer than a dozen speakers. There are several reasons why languages die out.②A key reason is the influence of the dominant (主导的) languages. Generally, these languages are connected with social background and education. People who move to cities are forced to learn them. In most cases, the children do not learn their native language. In addition, many communities far away from towns and cities give up their languages in order to become an accepted part of the main culture. For example, India has lost 220 of 780 languages in the last 50 years. Once Hindi was regarded as the official language of India, the number of Hindi speakers increased from 260 million to over 420 million.③Another reason is that the people who speak an endangered language may be in physical danger, such as from war or mas killing. Many languages of the native people in the Americas are either lost or endangered for this very reason. Natural disasters and disease can also wipe out all populations. When the village of Papua New Guinea was hit by an earthquake, all the people in it died. The language they spoke, Malol, also disappeared with them.④Languages are part of cultures and show differences. Losing a language means losing a way to pass on culture. The whole world suffers because of the disappearance of cultural and language diversity (多样性). Therefore, efforts need to be made to protect endangered languages before they disappear forever.12．Why does the writer use numbers in Paragraph 1?A．To show that many languages are in great danger.B．To support that there are many languages in the world.C．To prove that languages have changed in different places.D．To introduce how many languages are spoken in the world.13．What does the underlined phrase "wipe out" probably mean?A．Kill.B．Change.C．Hurt.D．Beat.14．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?A．B．C．D．15．What's your advice on protecting endangered languages? (请用不超过30词回答)5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面材料，从方框中所给的A一F六个选项中选择正确的选项（其中一项是多余选项）。

浙江省杭州市2024年中考语文模拟试题及答案分)1．古人多以赠诗表达情感，毕业临别时你会选择哪首诗赠送给谁?请从初中所学的古诗文中选择合适的诗句(至少连续的两句)，参照示例，完成赠诗。

写给同窗写给老师写给父母写给自己【示例】我想把“长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海”赠送给同窗，祝福他未来乘长风破万里浪，突破前路的阻碍，向着理想不断前行。

2．现代诗语言凝练而跳跃，常与古诗有着遥远的呼应。

诗人昌耀的这首《斯人》与下面哪首古诗词表达的心境最相似?请选出最佳选项，并简要说明理由。

A.满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。

(白居易《卖炭翁》)B.采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。

(陶渊明《饮酒(其五)》)C.念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下!(陈子昂《登幽州台歌》)D.无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来。

(晏殊《浣溪沙》)3．将唐诗打破重组，以现代诗的形式呈现可以丰富唐诗的理解。

以下是诗人洛夫改写的《竹里馆》，请你也自主选择一首学过的唐诗，学习示例，创写一首现代诗。

要求：不改变原诗情感，不出现本人姓名，不超过十四行。

竹里馆洛夫独自坐在竹林里当然只有一人一个人真好坐在夜里被月光洗净的琴声里我歌我啸长啸如鹰这是我唯一的竹林唯一的琴唯一的月色唯一的储存在竹节里的空无____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________(42分)阅读散文，回答下面的问题。

2023年浙江省杭州市中考模拟训练卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．-2的绝对值是（）A ．2B ．12C ．12-D ．2-2．2022年十三届全国人大五次会议审议通过的政府工作报告中提出，今年城镇新增就业目标为11000000人以上．数据11000000用科学记数法表示应为（）A ．80.1110⨯B ．71.110⨯C ．61110⨯D ．61.110⨯3．在如图所示的几何体中，俯视图和左视图相同的是（）A ．B ．C ．D ．4．将直尺和三角板按如图所示的位置放置．若140∠=︒，则2∠度数是()A ．60︒B ．50︒C ．40︒D ．30︒5．小红在“养成阅读习惯，快乐阅读，健康成长”读书大赛活动中，随机调查了本校初二年级20名同学，在近5个月内每人阅读课外书的数量，数据如下表所示：人数3485课外书数量（本）12131518则阅读课外书数量的中位数和众数分别是（）A ．13，15B ．14，15C ．13，18D ．15，156．已知反比例函数的解析式为||2-=a y x，则a 的取值范围是()A ．2a ≠B ．2a ≠-C ．2a ≠±D ．2a =±7．如图，A ，B ，C 是O 上的三点，若35C ∠=︒，则ABO ∠的度数是（）A ．35︒B ．55︒C ．60︒D ．70︒8．某种商品原来每件售价为150元，经过连续两次降价后，该种商品每件售价为96元，设平均每次降价的百分率为x ，根据随意，所列方程正确的是（）A ．()2150196x -=B ．150(1)96x -=C ．2150(1)96x -=D ．150(12)96x -=9．如图，平面内某正方形内有一长为10宽为5的矩形，它可以在该正方形的内部及边界通过平移或旋转的方式，自由地从横放变换到竖放，则该正方形边长的最小整数n 为（）A ．10B ．11C ．12D ．1310．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，矩形ABCD 的顶点A 在第一象限，B ，D 分别在y 轴上，AB 交x 轴于点E ，AF x ⊥轴，垂足为F ．若3OE =，1EF =．以下结论正确的个数是（）①3OA AF =；②AE 平分OAF ∠；③点C 的坐标为(4,-；④BD =；⑤矩形ABCD 的面积为A ．2个B ．3个C ．4个D ．5个二、填空题11．因式分解：23m m +=________．12．如图，B 为地面上一点，测得B 到树底部C 的距离为10m ，在B 处放置1m 高的测角仪BD ，测得树顶A 的仰角为60︒，则树高AC 为___________m （结果保留根号）．13．已知当1x =时，22ax bx +的值为3，则当2x =时，28ax bx +-的值为_____．14．如图，在ABC 中，90B Ð=°，4AB BC ==，将ABC 绕点A 逆时针旋转60︒，得到ADE V ，则点D 到BC 的距离是______．15．如图，反比例函数ky x=的图象经过矩形ABCD 对角线的交点E 和点A ，点B 、C 在x 轴上，OCE △的面积为6，则k =______________．16．如图，在ABC 中，5AB =，4AC =，4sin 5A =，BD AC ⊥交AC 于点D ．点P 为线段BD 上的动点，则35PC PB +的最小值为________．三、解答题17．（1214cos 452 -⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭；（2）化简：()()223x x x +--．18．为推进“书香社区”建设，某社区计划购进一批图书．已知购买2本科技类图书和3本文学类图书需154元，购买4本科技类图书和5本文学类图书需282元．(1)科技类图书与文学类图书的单价分别为多少元？(2)为了支持“书香社区”建设，助推科技发展，商家对科技类图书推出销售优惠活动（文学类图书售价不变）：购买科技类图书超过40本但不超过50本时，每增加1本，单价降低1元；超过50本时，均按购买50本时的单价销售．社区计划购进两种图书共计100本，其中科技类图书不少于30本，但不超过60本．按此优惠，社区至少要准备多少购书款？19．我市某校准备成立四个活动小组：A ．声乐，B ．体育，C ．舞蹈，D ．书画，为了解学生对四个活动小组的喜爱情况，随机选取该校部分学生进行调查，要求每名学生从中必须选择而且只能选择一个小组，根据调查结果绘制如下两幅不完整的统计图．请结合图中所给信息，解答下列问题：（1）本次抽样调查共抽查了名学生，扇形统计图中的m 值是；（2）请补全条形统计图；（3）喜爱“书画”的学生中有两名男生和两名女生表现特别优秀，现从这4人中随机选取两人参加比赛，请用列表或画树状图的方法求出所选的两人恰好是一名男生和一名女生的概率．20．如图，点(),2A a 在反比例函数4y x=的图象上，//AB x 轴，且交y 轴于点C ，交反比例函数ky x=于点B ，已知2AC BC =．（1）求直线OA 的解析式；（2）求反比例函数ky x=的解析式；（3）点D 为反比例函数ky x=上一动点，连接AD 交y 轴于点E ，当E 为AD 中点时，求OAD △的面积．21．如图，O 是ABC 的外接圆，EF 与O 相切于点D ，EF BC ∥分别交AB ，AC 的延长线于点E 和F ，连接AD 交BC 于点N ，ABC ∠的平分线BM 交AD 于点M ．(1)求证：AD 平分BAC ∠；(2)若:5:2AB BE =，AD =，求线段DM 的长．22．如图1，在等腰三角形ABC 中，AB AC =，O 为底边BC 的中点，过点O 作OD AB ⊥，垂足为D ，以点O 为圆心，OD 为半径作圆，交BC 于点M ，N ．(1)AB 与O 的位置关系为_______；(2)求证：AC 是O 的切线；(3)如图2，连接DM ，4DM =，96A ∠=︒，求O 的直径．(结果保留小数点后一位．参考数据：sin240.41cos240.91tan240.45︒≈︒≈︒≈，，)23．定义：函数图像上到两坐标轴的距离都不大于(0)≥n n 的点叫做这个函数图像的“n 阶方点”．例如，点11,33⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭是函数y x =图像的“12阶方点”；点(2,1)是函数2y x =图像的“2阶方点”．(1)在①12,2⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭；②(1,1)--；③(1,1)三点中，是反比例函数1y x =图像的“1阶方点”的有___________（填序号）；(2)若y 关于x 的一次函数31=-+y ax a 图像的“2阶方点”有且只有一个，求a 的值；(3)若y 关于x 的二次函数2()21=---+y x n n 图像的“n 阶方点”一定存在，请直接写出n 的取值范围．参考答案：1．A【分析】根据数轴上某个数与原点的距离叫做这个数的绝对值的定义进行求解即可．【详解】解：在数轴上，点-2到原点的距离是2，所以-2的绝对值是2，故选：A ．2．B【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为10n a ⨯的形式，其中110a ≤<，n 为整数．确定n 的值时，要看把原数变成a 时，小数点移动了多少位，n 的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同．当原数绝对值大于或等于10时，n 是正整数；当原数的绝对值小于1时，n 是负整数．【详解】解：数据11000000用科学记数法表示应为71.110⨯．故选：B.【点睛】本题考查科学记数法的表示方法．科学记数法的表示形式为10n a ⨯的形式，其中110a ≤<，n 为整数，正确确定a 的值以及n 的值是解决问题的关键．3．C【分析】根据俯视图与左视图的概念依次判断即可．主视图、左视图、俯视图是分别从物体正面、左面和上面看，所得到的图形．【详解】解：A 、俯视图是带圆心的圆，左视图是等腰三角形，故本选项不合题意；B 、俯视图是圆，左视图是矩形，故本选项不合题意；C 、俯视图与左视图都是正方形，故本选项符合题意；D 、俯视图是三角形，左视图是矩形，故本选项不合题意．故选：C ．【点睛】本题考查了几何体的三种视图，掌握定义是关键．4．B【分析】如图，易知三角板的A ∠为直角，直尺的两条边平行，则可得1∠的对顶角和2∠的同位角互为余角，即可求解．【详解】如图，根据题意可知A ∠为直角，直尺的两条边平行，∴2ACB ∠=∠，90ACB ABC ∠+∠=︒，1ABC ∠=∠，∴2901904050∠=︒-∠=︒-︒=︒，故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查了对顶角，三角形内角和定理，平行线的性质，解题的关键是灵活运用定理及性质进行推导．5．D【分析】利用中位数，众数的定义即可解决问题．【详解】解：中位数为第10个和第11个的平均数1515152+=，众数为15．故选：D ．【点睛】本题考查了中位数和众数，解题的关键是掌握平均数、中位数和众数的概念．6．C【分析】根据反比例函数的定义可得|a|-2≠0,可解得.【详解】根据反比例函数的定义可得|a|-2≠0,可解得a≠±2.故选C.【点睛】本题考核知识点：反比例函数定义.解题关键点：理解反比例函数定义.7．B【分析】由圆周角定理，即可求得AOB ∠的度数，又由OA OB =，根据等边对等角与三角形内角和定理，即可求得ABO ∠的度数．【详解】解：连接OA ，35C ∠=︒ ，270AOB C ∠∠∴==︒，OA OB = ，()1180552ABO BAO AOB ∠∠∠∴==︒-=︒．故选：B【点睛】此题考查了圆周角定理与等腰三角形的性质．此题比较简单，注意在同圆或等圆中，同弧或等弧所对的圆周角等于这条弧所对的圆心角的一半定理的应用．8．C【分析】结合题意分析：第一次降价后的价格=原价×（1-降低的百分率），第二次降价后的价格=第一次降价后的价格×（1-降低的百分率），把相关数值代入即可．【详解】解：设平均每次降价的百分率为x ，根据题意可列方程150（1-x ）2=96，故选：C ．【点睛】本题考查了由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程的知识，解题的关键是能够分别表示出两次降价后的售价．9．C【分析】先求出矩形对角线的长度，再估算取值范围即可得出答案．=∵矩形可以在该正方形的内部以及便捷通过平移或旋转的方式，自由地从横放变换成竖放，∴该正方形的边长不小于∵1115<，∴该正方形边长的最小正数n 为12，故答案选择C ．【点睛】本题考查的是勾股定理，难度较高，需要熟练掌握相关基础知识．10．C【分析】根据相似三角形的判定得出EOB EFA ∽△△，利用相似三角形的性质及已知OE ，EF 的值即可判断结论①；由①分析得出的条件，结合相似三角形、矩形的性质（对角线）即可判断结论②；根据直角坐标系上点的表示及结论①3OA AF =，利用勾股定理建立等式求解可得点A 坐标，再根据关于原点对称的点的坐标得出点D 坐标，即可判断结论③；由③可知AF =OA 的值，根据矩形的性质即可判断结论④；根据矩形的性质及④可知BD =【详解】解：∵矩形ABCD 的顶点A 在第一象限，AF x ⊥轴，垂足为F ，90EOB EFA ∴∠=∠=︒,AC BD =，OD OA OB OC ===．AEF BEO ∠=∠ ，EOB EFA ∴∽△△．3OE = ，1EF =，13EF AF AF EO OB OA ∴===，即3OA AF =．（①符合题意）OA OB = ，EOB EFA ∽△△，OAB OBA ∴∠=∠，EAF EBO ∠=．OAB EAF ∴∠=∠．∴AE 平分OAF ∠．（②符合题意）314OF OE EF =+=+= ，∴点A 的横坐标为4．3OA AF = ，2229AF AF OF ∴-=，即2816AF =．AF ∴=A ．A ∴．点A 与点C 关于原点对称，(4,C ∴-．（③符合题意）3OA AF ==2BD OD OB OA ∴=+==．（④不符合题意）=2BCD BAD BAD ABCD S S S S =+ 矩形△△△，1=22ABCD S ∴⨯⨯矩形（⑤符合题意）∴结论正确的共有4个符合题意．故选：C ．【点睛】本题考查矩形与坐标的综合应用．涉及矩形的性质，相似三角形的判定与性质，勾股定理，直角坐标系上点的表示，关于原点对称的点的坐标，三角形的面积公式等知识点．矩形的对角线相等且互相平分；两角分别相等的两个三角形相似；相似三角形对应角相等，对应边成比例；两个点关于原点对称时，它们的坐标符号相反，即点(,)P x y 关于原点的对称点位(,)P x y '--．灵活运用相关知识点，通过已知条件建立等式关系是解本题的关键．11．(3)m m +【分析】利用提取公因式法进行因式分解即可．【详解】解：23(3)m m m m +=+．故答案为：(3)m m +．【点睛】此题考查了提取公因式法分解因式．熟练掌握因式分解的方法是解题的关键．12．1##1+【分析】在Rt ADE △中，利用tan 10∠===AE AE ADE DE AE =1m 即为AC 的长．【详解】解：过点D 作DE AC ⊥交于点E ，如图：则四边形BCED 是矩形，∴BC =DE ，BD =CE ，由题意可知：60ADE ∠=︒，10m ==DE BC ，在Rt ADE △中，tan 10∠==AE AE ADE DE∴AE =∴()1m +=+AE EC ，故答案为：1【点睛】本题考查了解直角三角形，解直角三角形的应用—仰角俯角问题，要求学生能借助仰角构造直角三角形并解直角三角形．13．2-【分析】把1x =代入代数式求出a 、b 的关系式，再把2x =代入代数式进行计算即可得解．【详解】解：当1x =时，22113a b ⨯+⨯=，整理得，23a b +=，当2x =时，28ax bx +-2228a b =⨯+⨯-428a b =+-()228a b =+-238=⨯-68=-2=-．故答案为：2-．【点睛】本题考查了代数式求值，把a 、b 的关系式看作一个整体参与运算是解题的关键．14．2【分析】由旋转的性质可得4AB AD ==，60BAD ∠=︒，可证ABD △是等边三角形，由直角三角形的性质可求解．【详解】解：如图，连接BD ，过点D 作DH BC ⊥于H ，将ABC 绕点A 逆时针旋转60︒，4AB AD ∴==，60BAD ∠=︒，ABD ∴ 是等边三角形，4BD AB ∴==，60ABD ∠=︒，30DBC ∴∠=︒，DH BC ⊥ ，122DH BD ∴==，∴点D 到BC 的距离是2，故答案为：2．【点睛】本题考查了旋转的性质，等边三角形的判定和性质，直角三角形的性质，掌握旋转的性质是解题的关键．15．8【分析】如图作EF⊥BC，由矩形的性质可知12EF AB=，设E点坐标为（a，b），则A点坐标为（c，2b），根据点A，E在反比例函数kyx=上，根据反比例函数系数的几何意义可列出ab=k=2bc，根据三角形OEC的面积可列出等式，进而求出k的值．【详解】解：如图作EF⊥BC，则12EF AB=，设E点坐标为（a，b），则A点的纵坐标为2b，则可设A点坐标为坐标为（c，2b），∵点A，E在反比例函数kyx=上，∴ab=k=2bc，解得：a=2c，故BF=FC=2c-c=c，∴OC=3c，故113622OECS OC EF c b=⨯⨯=⨯⨯=，解得：bc=4，∴k=2bc=8，故答案为：8．【点睛】本题考查矩形的性质，反比例函数的图形，反比例函数系数k的几何意义，能够熟练掌握反比例函数系数k的几何意义是解决本题的关键．16．16 5【分析】过点P作PH⊥AB于点H，由题意易得BD=4，则有AD=3，然后可得35PH PB=，进而可得35PC PB+即为PC PH+，若使35PC PB+的值为最小，也就相当于PC PH+为最小，则有当点C、P、H三点共线时，PC PH+的值为最小，最后问题可求解．【详解】解：过点P作PH⊥AB于点H，如图所示：∵5AB =，4sin 5A =，BD AC ⊥，∴sin 4BD AB A =⋅=，∴3AD ==，∴sin 53ABD ∠=，∴3sin 5PH PB ABD =⋅∠=，∴35PC PB PC PH +=+，若使35PC PB +的值为最小，也就相当于PC PH +为最小，∴当点C 、P 、H 三点共线时，PC PH +的值为最小，如图所示：∵4AC =，∴416sin 455CH AC A =⋅=⨯=，∴35PC PB +的最小值为165；故答案为165．【点睛】本题主要考查三角函数及勾股定理，解题的关键是利用“胡不归”模型找到最小值的情况，然后进行求解即可．17．（1）4；（2）74x +.【分析】（1）针对二次根式化简，特殊角的三角函数值，负整数指数幂3个考点分别进行计算，然后根据实数的运算法则求得计算结果；（2）应用完全平方公式和单项式乘多项式展开后合并同类项即可．【详解】解：（1214cos 45444422-⎛⎫-=-⨯=-= ⎪⎝⎭ ．（2）()()2222344374x x x x x x x x +--=++-+=+．【点睛】本题考查了二次根式化简、特殊角的三角函数值、负整数指数幂以及整式的混合运算，掌握完全平方公式是解题的关键．18．(1)科技类图书的单价为38元，文学类图书的单价为26元．(2)社区至少要准备2700元购书款．【分析】（1）设科技类图书的单价为x 元，文学类图书的单价为y 元，然后根据题意可列出方程组进行求解；（2）设社区需要准备w 元购书款，购买科技类图书m 本，则文学类图书有（100-m ）本，由（1）及题意可分当3040m ≤<时，当4050m ≤≤时及当5060m <≤时，进而问题可分类求解即可．【详解】（1）解：设科技类图书的单价为x 元，文学类图书的单价为y 元，由题意得：2315445282x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩，解得：3826x y =⎧⎨=⎩；答：科技类图书的单价为38元，文学类图书的单价为26元．（2）解：设社区需要准备w 元购书款，购买科技类图书m 本，则文学类图书有（100-m ）本，由（1）可得：①当3040m ≤<时，则有：()3826100122600w m m m =+-=+，∵12＞0，∴当m =30时，w 有最小值，即为36026002960w =+=；②当4050m ≤≤时，则有：()()2384026100522600w m m m m m =-++-=-++，∵-1＜0，对称轴为直线26m =，∴当4050m ≤≤时，w 随m 的增大而减小，∴当m =50时，w 有最小值，即为250525026002700w =-+⨯+=；③当5060m <≤时，此时科技类图书的单价为785028-=（元），则有()282610022600w m m m =+-=+，∵2＞0，∴当m =51时，w 有最小值，即为10226002702w =+=；综上所述：社区至少要准备2700元的购书款．【点睛】本题主要考查二元一次方程组的应用、一次函数与二次函数的应用，解题的关键是找准等量关系，注意分类讨论．19．(1)50，32；(2)见解析；（3）23【分析】（1）根据D 组的人数及占比即可求出本次抽样调查共抽查的人数，故可求出m 的值；（2）用调查总人数减去各组人数即可求出B 组人数，再补全条形统计图；（3）根据题意列出树状图，再根据概率公式即可求解.【详解】解：（1）1020%50÷=，所以本次抽样调查共抽查了50名学生，16%32%50m ==，即32m =；故答案为50，32；（2）B 组的人数为50-6-16-10=18（人），全条形统计图为：（3）画树状图为：共有12种等可能的结果数，其中所选的两人恰好是一名男生和一名女生的结果数为8，所以所选的两人恰好是一名男生和一名女生的概率82=123=．【点睛】此题主要考查统计调查的应用，解题的关键是根据题意求出调查的样本容量.20．（1）y x =；（2）2y x=-；（3）3.【分析】（1）先求解A 的坐标，再把A 的坐标代入正比例函数y mx =，解方程即可得到答案；（2）利用2,AC BC =先求解B 的坐标，再利用待定系数法求解解析式即可；（3）设2,,D n n ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭而()2,2,A E 为AD 的中点，利用中点坐标公式求解,D E 的坐标，再利用()12OAD ODE OAE A D S S S OE x x =+=+ ，计算即可得到答案.【详解】解：（1） 点(),2A a 在反比例函数4y x=的图象上，24,2,a a ∴==则()2,2,A 2,AC ∴=设直线AO 为：,y mx =22,m ∴=则1,m =所以直线AO 为：,y x =（2） //AB x 轴，2=2AC BC =．1,BC ∴=()1,2,B ∴-122,k xy ∴==-⨯=-所以反比例函数为：2.y x=-（3）设2,,D n n ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭而()2,2,A E 为AD 的中点，()120,2E x n ∴=+=2,n ∴=-()32,1,0,,2D E ⎛⎫∴- ⎪⎝⎭()12OAD ODE OAE A D S S S OE x x ∴=+=+ ()1322 3.22=⨯⨯+=【点睛】本题考查的利用待定系数法求解一次函数与反比例函数的解析式，图形与坐标，中点坐标公式，熟练应用以上知识解题是关键.21．(1)见解析(2)2DM =【分析】（1）连接OD ，根据切线性质得出OD EF ⊥，根据BC EF ∥，得出OG BC ⊥，根据垂径定理得出 BDCD =，根据圆周角定理得出BAD FAD ∠=∠，即可得出答案；（2）由平行线分线段定理得DN =BDN ADB ∽ ，可得2BD =，最后证明BMD DBM ∠=∠，进而即可求解．【详解】（1）证明：连接OD ，交BC 于点G ，如图所示：∵EF 与O 相切于点D ，∴OD EF ⊥，∴90ODE ∠=︒，∵BC EF ∥，∴90OGB ODE ∠=∠=︒，∴OG BC ⊥，∴ BDCD =，∴BAD FAD ∠=∠，∴AD 平分BAC ∠．（2）解：∵:5:2AB BE =，AD EF BC ∥，∴52AN AB DN BE ==，∴27DN AD ==∵ BDCD =，∴BAD CAD CBD ∠=∠=∠，又∵BDN ADB ∠=∠，∴BDN ADB ∽ ，∴DN BD DB AD⋅=，即：7DB =∴2BD =，∵ABC ∠的平分线BM 交AD 于点M ，∴ABM CBM =∠∠，∴ABM BAD CBM CBD ∠+∠=∠+∠，即：BMD DBM ∠=∠，∴2DM BD ==．【点睛】本题主要考查圆的基本性质，垂径定理，圆周角定理，相似三角形的判定和性质，平行线分线段成比例定理，等腰三角形的判定和性质，作出辅助线，证明BDN ADB ∽ ，是解题的关键．22．(1)相切(2)见解析(3)9.8【分析】（1）利用直线与圆的相切的定义解答即可；（2）过点O 作OE AC ⊥于点E ，连接OA ，通过证明OE OD =，利用直线与圆相切的定义解答即可；（3）过点O 作OF DM ⊥于点F ，利用等腰三角形的性质和三角形的内角和定理求得48BOD ∠=︒，再利用垂径定理和直角三角形的边角关系定理求得圆的半径，则圆的直径可求．【详解】（1）解：OD AB ⊥ ，点O 为圆心，OD 为半径，∴圆心O 到直线AB 的距离等于圆的半径，AB ∴为O 的切线，AB ∴与O 的位置关系为相切，故答案为：相切；（2）证明：过点O 作OE AC ⊥于点E ，连接OA ，如图，AB AC = ，O 为底边BC 的中点，AO ∴为BAC ∠的平分线，OD AB ⊥ ，OE AC ⊥，OD OE ∴=，OD 为O 的半径，OE ∴为O 的半径，AC ∴是O 的切线；（3）解：过点O 作OF DM ⊥于点F ，如图，AB AC = ，96A ∠=︒，B C ∠=∠=()1180422A ︒-∠=︒，OD AB ⊥ ，9048BOD B ∴∠=︒-∠=︒．OF DM ⊥ ，DF MF ∴==122DM =，OD OM = ，OF DM ⊥，OF ∴为DOM ∠的平分线，DOF ∴∠=1224BOD ∠=︒．在Rt ODF 中，2sin sin24DF DOF OD OD∠=︒== ，∴22 4.9sin 240.41OD =≈≈︒O ∴ 的直径29.8OD ==．【点睛】本题主要考查了解直角三角形，垂径定理，圆的切线的判定与性质，等腰三角形的性质，直角三角形的边角关系定理，三角形的内角和定理，过圆心作直线的垂线段是解决此类问题常添加的辅助线，综合运用以上知识是解题的关键．23．(1)②③(2)3或1-；(3)114n ≤≤【分析】（1）根据“n 阶方点”的定义逐个判断即可；（2）如图作正方形，然后分a ＞0和a ＜0两种情况，分别根据“2阶方点”有且只有一个判断出所经过的点的坐标，代入坐标求出a 的值，并舍去不合题意的值即可得；（3）由二次函数解析式可知其顶点坐标在直线y ＝－2x ＋1上移动，作出简图，由函数图象可知，当二次函数图象过点（n ，－n ）和点（－n ，n ）时为临界情况，求出此时n 的值，由图象可得n 的取值范围．【详解】（1）解：∵点12,2⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭到x 轴的距离为2，大于1，∴不是反比例函数1y x=图象的“1阶方点”，∵点(1,1)--和点(1,1)都在反比例函数1y x =的图象上，且到两坐标轴的距离都不大于1，∴(1,1)--和(1,1)是反比例函数1y x =图象的“1阶方点”，故答案为：②③；（2）如图作正方形，四个顶点坐标分别为（2，2），（－2，2），（－2，－2），（2，－2），当a ＞0时，若y 关于x 的一次函数31=-+y ax a 图象的“2阶方点”有且只有一个，则31=-+y ax a 过点（－2，2）或（2，－2），把（－2，2）代入31=-+y ax a 得：2231a a =--+，解得：15a =-（舍去）；把（2，－2）代入31=-+y ax a 得：2231a a -=-+，解得：3a =；当a ＜0时，若y 关于x 的一次函数31=-+y ax a 图象的“2阶方点”有且只有一个，则31=-+y ax a 过点（2，2）或（－2，－2），把（2，2）代入31=-+y ax a 得：2231a a =-+，解得：1a =-；把（－2，－2）代入31=-+y ax a 得：2231a a -=--+，解得：35a =（舍去）；综上，a 的值为3或1-；（3）∵二次函数2()21=---+y x n n 图象的顶点坐标为（n ，21n -+），∴二次函数2()21=---+y x n n 图象的顶点坐标在直线y ＝－2x ＋1上移动，∵y 关于x 的二次函数2()21=---+y x n n 图象的“n 阶方点”一定存在，∴二次函数2()21=---+y x n n 的图象与以顶点坐标为（n ，n ），（－n ，n ），（－n ，－n ），（n ，－n ）的正方形有交点，如图，当2()21=---+y x n n 过点（n ，－n ）时，将（n ，－n ）代入2()21=---+y x n n 得：2()21n n n n -=---+，解得：1n =，当2()21=---+y x n n 过点（－n ，n ）时，将（－n ，n ）代入2()21=---+y x n n 得：2()21n n n n =----+，解得：14n =或1n =-（舍去），由图可知，若y 关于x 的二次函数2()21=---+y x n n 图象的“n 阶方点”一定存在，n 的取值范围为：114n ≤≤．【点睛】本题考查了新定义，反比例函数图象上点的坐标特点，一次函数的图象和性质，二次函数的图象和性质，正确理解“n阶方点”的几何意义，熟练掌握数形结合思想的应用是解题的关键．。

浙江省杭州市2024年中考英语模拟试卷5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的 A、B、C 三(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)。

1．What color is Peter's ruler?A．Red.B．Blue.C．Green.2．Who likes playing the piano?A．Jessica.B．Susan.C．Bob.3．How's the weather today?A．Rainy.B．Snowy C．Sunny.4．Which housework does Alex do at home?A．Sweeps the floor.B．Works in the garden.C．Washes the dishes.5．Where may the conversation take place?A．In a bank.B．In a bookstore.C．In a restaurant.3 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给A、B、C三个选在试卷的相应位置。

(共10小题，每小题2分，满分20)听录音，回答问题。

6．What was Lucas doing when Tina called?A．Playing in a game.B．Talking with others.C．Sleeping at home.7．Who is now playing in the game?A．Tina.B．Mike.C．Lucas.8．Which is TRUE about the game in the conversation?A．They are playing against Class 3.B．They have won the game.C．The game has been over.听录音，回答问题9．When is Fred going to the United States?A．Next Monday.B．Next Tuesday.C．Next Wednesday.10．How will Fred and Lily communicate with each other?A．By writing emails.B．By chatting online.C．By making phone calls.11．What's the probable relationship between Fred and Lily?A．Doctor and patient.B．Mom and son.C．Classmates.听录音，回答问题12．What will Jimmy's mother do this afternoon?A．Go to the library.B．Have a meeting C．Do the housework. 13．How long should Jimmy practice the piano?A．30 minutes.B．35 minutes.C．40 minutes. 14．What will Jimmy eat for dinner?A．Some milk.B．Some meat.C．A pizza.15．How many things should Jimmy do according to his mother's telephone recording?A．Seven.B．Six.C．Five.(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项16．When is the party?A．On July 16.B．On July 17.C．On July 18.D．On July 19. 17．How many students have tasks for the party?A．Four.B．Five.C．Six.D．Seven. 18．What is TRUE about the party?A．The party is about one hour long.B．Jerry will give a speech for the party.C．Students will have a meeting after the party.D．The party is for Tom because he is leaving for the UK阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项When I was 14, my dad and I took a bike trip in the countryside. My dad chose a 16-milesection of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel (隧道) called West Hill. This old tunnel is over a mile long!To prepare, we checked our tires (轮胎) and bike lights. My mom made us some food. She also gave us fruit and plenty of water. In the morning, we put our bikes into the car and set off.After a two-hour drive, we reached the road. It was a cool afternoon in early fall. But we were both wet and tired because our trip started with a long uphill climb! As we reached the West Hill Tunnel, I felt nervous as it was very dark inside! But my dad encouraged me. He said he would be right beside me. He reminded me to stay careful and keep my light on!When we entered the tunnel, the sound of our bikes echoed through the darkness. I turned on my flashlight and saw walls covered by drawings. The air smelled like wet mud (泥). And I feltlike I was being watched! I was pretty scared, but paying attention to following my dad helped me relax. After riding half-way through, I could see light coming from the other end of the tunnel. That gave me courage to keep going. And I was so happy to ride out into the bright afternoon!Whenever I go through hardships in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me that hope is always ahead of me. It turns on the light of hope in my heart, and it gives me courage to keep riding through life's dark tunnels.19．How did the writer and his father go through the tunnel?A．On foot.B．By bike.C．By bus.D．By car.20．Why did the writer feel nervous when he reached the tunnel?A．Because the tunnel was too long.B．Because the tunnel was too dark.C．The drawing on the walls in the tunnel.D．The light from the other end of the tunnel.21．What gave the writer courage to keep going in the tunnel?A．The sound of their bikes in the tunnel.B．The smell of the wet mud in the tunnel.C．The drawing on the walls in the tunnel.D．The light from the other end of the tunnel.22．Which is the right order about the changes of the writer's feelings?a. Nervous.b. Happy.c. Scaredd. Tired.A．d-a-c-b B．c-b-a-d C．b-c-d-a D．a-d-b-c阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 p. m. or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is needed. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- tol2-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV."More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more chances to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones (荷尔蒙) not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 p. m. Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota. changed the start time from 7:25 a. m. to 8:30 a. m. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the result.23．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A．American kids' sleeping habits.B．Teenagers' sleep-related illnessesC．Activities to stop sleeplessness.D．Ways to solve sleeping problems.24．How many hours of sleep do 1l-year-olds need every day?A．7 hours.B．8 hours.C．10 hours.D．18 hours.25．Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A．Because they are influenced by certain body chemicals.B．Because they are excited by some bedtime activities.C．Because they are forced to do a lot of homework.D．Because they are allowed to go to school late.26．Where can we probably read this passage?A．In a news report.B．In a science fiction.C．In a fashion weekly.D．In a health magazine.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项①What does love mean to you? Is it that special feeling in your heart when you see someone you like? Is it the heartbeat you get when you hold hands? Love seems to be everywhere, and at some museums around the world, love is in the air all year round.②The Palazzo Filomela in Venice is better known as the Museum of Love. This museum was once the private home of a famous 16th-century singer. On the walls, you can see paintings of famous lovers, such as the god Cupid and his love, Psyche.③For many, love and chocolate go hand in hand, so a visit to the Chocolate Museum in Cologe, Germany, makes sense. There, visitors can learn about the history of Chocolate and watch chocolate bars being made. The museum also gives out chocolate cakes from a three-meter-high chocolate fountain (喷泉).④Love isn't always sunshine and rainbows. Sometimes things can go wrong, and Museum of Broken Relationships in Croatia is built to this. It has a collection of objects that people gave away from their failed relationships, and each one has a story that goes along with it. Visitors will see letters, photographs, dolls, and clothing from broken hearts all over the world.⑤On the brighter side, the Diamond Museum Amsterdam in Holland is the place to go when you're ready to take your love to the next level. At this museum, you can learn about diamonds. including how to tell a real one from a fake one. You may also get some ideas about which diamond to buy when you're planning to get married.⑥Shakespeare once wrote, "Love looks not with the eyes, but with mind. " Thanks to these special museums, we can all open our mind to-and fill our hearts with--love.27．According to the passage, where will visitors go if they want to know stories of famous lovers?A．To the Palazzo Filomela.B．To the Chocolate Museum.C．To Museum of Broken Relationships.D．To the Diamond Museum Amsterdam.28．Why does the author introduce a chocolate museum in the passage?A．Because people believe love and chocolate are closely connected.B．Because people love to learn the history of chocolate.C．Because people like to make chocolate bars.D．Because people want to eat chocolate cakes.29．What does "Love isn't always sunshine and rainbows. "mean in paragraph 4?A．There is always sadness in love.B．Love is like a colorful rainbow.C．There is little failure in relationships.D．Sometimes love can make you feel bad.30．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?A．B．C．D．(共5小题，每小题2分，满分 10分)阅读下面一篇关于提高说话技巧的短文，其中有五处(第31一35 题)需要添加小标题请从A一F 选项中选出符合意思的标题。