2017江苏南京航空航天大学日语翻译基础考研真题(Word版)

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:359满分:150分科目名称:日语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！一、次の日本語を中国語に訳してください。

（1*15＝15点）1.チームワーク2.面倒見が良い3.就職斡旋4.鞭撻5.オリジナリティー6.チャンレンジ7.キャリアを活かす8.スキルアップ9.五輪10.多岐にわたる11.アポイント12.拝承13.休心14.礼状15.身だしなみ二、次の中国語を日本語に訳してください。

（1*15＝15点）1.宣示；表现；显示2.顾虑3.赞助商；出资人4.暂缓增税5.西服6.吐槽7.召回8.记者招待会9.潜心钻研10.昵称；外号11.志愿者活动12.便利店13.工匠14.弊公司15.塞翁失马，安知非福三、次の日本語を中国語に訳してください。

（10*3＝30点）1.推薦書のような書類では法的な責任は生じないが、道義上の責任は重い。

したがって、紹介者は無責任な紹介を避けるべきである。

2.随筆の題は「身体髪膚これを父母に受く、あえて毀傷せざるは孝の始めなり」の古言に由来する。

3.つきましては貴社輸出商品についての必要かつ詳細な情報をお知らせ願います。

四、次の中国語を日本語に訳してください。

（10*3＝30点）1.进房间后，注意不要不脱大衣就坐下或翘起二郎腿，因为这也将会给自己带来负面影响。

2.我确信本公司商品一定能满足贵公司的需求，请您一读随信附上的出口产品清单。

3.正如诸位所知，在全球化的今天，企业间的竞争之激烈前所未有。

五、次の短文を中国語に訳してください。

（1*30＝30点）1946年、女性が投票や立候補をできるようになって初めての衆院選でのこと。

長野県に「高倉テル」1という候補者がいた。

名前だけ見て「女は女の候補に入れなきゃならん」と多くの女性が票を投じたそうだ。

JLPT日本语能力考N2真题阅读翻译（2017年12月）仅供参考，如有疑问请在日语语法群（文末）探讨。

【问题9】以下是寄给某家儿童杂志的疑问及其对应的回答。

疑问鸟为何能飞？人类装上翅膀能飞吗？（草太小学三年级）回答要飞翔体重轻很重要。

翱翔天际的鸟儿，身体和翅膀看着挺大，但实际上身体构造非常轻盈。

比如，有一种叫秃鹰的鸟，翅展（左右两翅膀展开时两翅尖的长度）有3米之长，但其体重只有10~15千克。

鸟儿看起来那么重是因为羽毛蓬松的缘故，其实身体骨架极其瘦小。

还有，鸟儿的骨骼纤细，骨头中间是像隧道般的空心状态，所以体重轻。

但这样的话，草太小朋友可能会想“那人类装上与体重相配的大翅膀不就好了吗”。

那么翅膀要多长呢。

根据某个说法，体重60千克的人类要飞起来，好像必须要34米长的翅膀。

就是说需要（比10米长的大型公交车3辆排在一起的长度还要长的）翅膀。

那么大的翅膀人类是难以挥动的。

鸟儿能挥动大翅膀，不是因为身体而是因为异常发达的胸部肌肉。

据说鸟儿的胸肌占了体重的35%。

因此，鸟儿能强而有力地挥动翅膀。

另外，因为鸟儿身体外表的羽毛光滑，呈受空气阻力最小的形状。

这样看的话，我会知道，鸟儿不是仅仅因为有翅膀就能飞，整个身体各方面的构造都为飞翔而生。

是鸟儿为了飞翔进化而来的。

很遗憾，这样看来人类仅仅装上翅膀是难以飞翔的。

【问题10】（1）以下是某座山的介绍。

秋森山秋森山高约600米，到山顶约是4千米平缓的登山道。

途中有呈狗、猴子等动物状的岩石，也有像舞台一样又大又平的岩石，可以享受一边探寻奇形怪状岩石一边登山的乐趣。

登山路上除了可观赏一年四季不一样的植物，从春天到初夏还能观察到多种鸟类。

秋天的红叶非常别致，漫山遍野、铺满了亮丽的景色。

因此，这个时期有很多登山者来访。

（2）在作文中经常经常出现像“范文”这样的东西，我认为这是荒谬的。

如果只是文章的构造还好，针对内容也要求应该这样写，这样写的话会受到好评，这样写作方式是最大的敌人。

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）My colleagues and I in fundamental physics are the intellectual descendants of Albert Einstein; we like to think that we too search for beauty. Some physics equations are so ugly that we cannot bear to look at them, let alone write down. Certainly, the Ultimate Designer would use only beautiful equations in designing the universe! We proclaim when presented with two alternative equations purporting to describe Nature, we always choose to the one that appeals to our aesthetic sense. “Let us worry about beauty first, and truth will take care of itself!” Such is the rallying cry of fundamental physicists.The reader may perhaps think of physics as a precise and predictive science and not as a subject fit for aesthetic contemplation. But, in fact, aesthetics has become a driving force in contemporary physics. Physicists have discovered something of wonder: Nature, at the fundamental level, is beautifully designed. It is this sense of wonder that I wish to share with you.（2）Since it was he who lost the fight, we ought to come again to the conclusion that people are powerless in the world. In reality, we believe the reverse, and it takes the act of the man in the water to remind us of our true feelings in this matter. It is not to say that everyone would have acted as he did. Y et whatever moved these men to challenge death on behalf of their fellows is not peculiar to them. Everyone feels the possibility in himself. That is the abiding wonder of the story. That is why we would not let go of it. If the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, he was likewise giving a lifeline to those who observed him.The odd thing is that we do not even really believe that the man in the water lost his fight. “Everything in Nature contains all the powers of Nature,” said Emerson. Exactly. So the man in the water had his own natural powers. He could not make ice storms, or freeze the water until it froze the blood. But he could hand life over to a stranger, and that is a power of nature too. The man in the water pitted himself against an implacable, impersonal enemy; he fought it with charity; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do.（3）There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August! Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers—when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak wind, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth—and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and corn-fields ring with the hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground. A mellow softness appears to hang over thewhole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）买到了几册新书，一册一册地加盖藏书印记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. aerial refueling2. UAV3. debt risks4. community-level democracy5. telecom fraud6. satellite launch center7. pension insurance 8. crewed spaceship9. heavy-lift carrier rocket 10. maximum payload capacity11. overcapacity 12. downpayment13. asteroid 14. hypersonic aircraft15. aerodynamicsPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 载人空间站2. 首飞3. 资产泡沫4. 增值税5. 探月工程6. 短期贷款7. 知识产权8. 机场跑道9. 旅行社10. 国有资本11. 飞行器设计12. 非政府组织13. 全球定位系统14. 社会主义核心价值体系15. 小康社会Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1In the Western imagination, Ch ina’s history has been inextricably linked to the notion of “empire”. But in fact, more than a millennium of Chinese history passed before anything resembling an empire ever existed. For centuries, seven separate states battled for military supremacy, until in 221 b.c. the Qin dynasty defeated the last of its rivals and unified the country. Military conquest is only part of the imperial story, however. China owes its ability to endure across time, and to re-form itself again and again after periods of disunity, to a fundamental reshaping of Chinese culture by the earliest dynasties, the Qin and the Han.Passage 2The winding course of the stream continually shut out the scene behind us and revealed as calm and lovely a one before. We glided from depth to depth, and breathed new seclusion at every turn. The shy kingfisher flew from the withered branch close at hand to another at distance, uttering a shrill cry of anger or alarm. Ducks that had been floating there since the preceding eve were startled at our approach and skimmed along the glassy river, breaking its dark surface with a bright streak. The pickerel leaped from among the lily pads. The turtle, sunning itself upon a rock or at the root of a tree, slid suddenly into the water with a plunge. The painted Indian who paddled his canoe along the Assabeth three hundred years ago could hardly have seen a wilder gentleness displayed upon its banks and reflected in its bosom than we did. Nor could the same Indian have prepared his noontide meal with more simplicity. We drew up our skiff at some point where the overarching shade formed a natural bower, and there kindled a fire with the pine cones and decayed branches that lay strewn plentifully around.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1中印作为战略合作伙伴，达成了许多战略共识，增强了战略互信。

2017年南京大学考研专业课日本語学術問題真题（回忆版）考研信息网整理了2017年南京大学考研专业课日本語学術問題真题（回忆版），仅供大家参考，欢迎广大考生纠正补充，希望能对考研的同学们有所帮助。

基礎日本語量がだいぶ減るが、冒頭は読み方と仮名の穴埋めが五分五分で、すぐあと読解は二枚しかついていない。

最後、中日両方の翻訳二枚と作文一枚からなる。

読み方は文脈によらず、「つきたんさ」「じゃくにくきょうしょく」「いっせきにちょう」「いちまいのは」「？？」が問われる。

助詞は、??（と）見える、相手（に）受動文、（？？）で、あと読解は二枚だけある。

一枚目はなんと51点を設けたが、1945年空襲が始まった日々、京都の寺院に忍び込み、避難生活の文脈によって「松尾芭蕉の俳句」「昭和天皇の名号」「空襲の加害国」「長崎、広島の空爆」まで揃われる。

二枚目は体言化を短縮し、文型を字数限りまとめること。

翻訳は中日の和と東京映画祭りに関わる。

作文のテーマは個性といえば取り柄だけ尊重される、その現象にどのような思いをするかである。

総合日本語言語学１、日本語の曖昧を分析せよ２、言葉が生活と深く関わると、当の言語にて細かく言い分けられる。

それは日本語にて同じだろうか。

例をあげて裏付けのメカニズムを分析せよ。

文学史１、夏目漱石の二作をあげ、作風を分析せよ。

２、自然主義を250字以内でまとめよ。

３、和歌の美を例をあげて分析せよ。

文化１、中日における封建社会と南北朝の差を分析せよ。

２、赤穂事件を分析せよ。

３、上古時代から明治時代まで、土地制度を分析せよ。

为了帮助考研er们更好地复习，聚英厦大考研网为广大考研学子推出考研辅导直播课和各个阶段备考直播讲座，足不出户就可以边听课边学习，为大家的考研梦想助力!如果同学们想了解更多的关于考研资料、真题、报录比、招生简章、考试大纲等考研资讯和信息，大家可以登录聚英厦大考研官网免费查看和下载。

欢迎考生们了解咨询！。

2017年南京航空航天大学外国语学院842翻译与写作（英语）考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ: Translate the following into Chinese (60 points)(1)My colleagues and I in fundamental physics are the intellectual descendants of Albert Einstein; we like to think that we too search for beauty. Some physics equations are so ugly that we cannot bear to look at them, let alone write down. Certainly, the Ultimate Designer would use only beautiful equations in designing the universe! We proclaim when presented with two alternative equations purporting to describe Nature, we always choose to the one that appeals to our aesthetic sense. “Let us worry about beauty first, and truth will take care of itself!” Such is the rallying cry of fundamental physicists.The reader may perhaps think of physics as a precise and predictive science and not as a subject fit for aesthetic contemplation. But, in fact, aesthetics has become a driving force in contemporary physics. Physicists have discovered something of wonder: Nature, at the fundamental level, is beautifully designed. It is this sense of wonder that I wish to share with you.【参考译文】我和基础物理学的同事们在智力方面真可以算得上是承袭了爱因斯坦的衣钵。

2017年南京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Vocabulary and Structure(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Only after he handed in his paper ________ he had made a few spelling mistakes.（分数：1.00）A.he realizedB.has he realizedC.did he realize √D.would he realize解析：句意：他交上卷子之后才意识到自己犯了几个语法错误。

only位于句首表示状语时，句子需要部分倒装。

2.________is most touching in O Henry's stories is the bravery with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.（分数：1.00）A.WhichB.What √C.ThatD.One解析：句意：欧·亨利的小说中最感人的是普通人努力维护尊严的勇气。

句中第二个is是谓语，所选词引导主语从句，又在主语从句中做主语，因此what符合题意。

3.________ we have everything ready, we should begin right now.（分数：1.00）A.Since thatB.Since nowC.By nowD.Now that √解析：句意：既然我们都准备好了，我们应该立刻开始行动。

now that“既然，由于”，相当于since，引导原因状语从句。

4.“John told me that he was late for school this morning.” “Oh, he rarely used to be late, ________?”（分数：1.00）A.wasn't heB.was heC.didn't heD.did he √解析：本题考查反义疑问句的用法。

日语能力考（2017年7月N1真题阅读原文翻译）仅供参考【问题7】以下是总结了某个声优（对他家狗的）谈话的专栏。

父亲了解到同事家的狗生了很多小狗后，就擅自带了一只自己认为最好看的回来。

那是我在边上大学边工作的时候，我用某部作品里的角色名给狗取了名字叫做“直司”因为我觉得这是日本人的名字，祖父也能够记得住。

我是家里最小的孩子，现在直司成了我们家地位和年龄最小的那一个，所以感觉家里还有另外一个我。

在老家的时候我都会带他去散步，之前也养过狗，但是当时还小、怕狗，所以没有喜欢上。

但是我跟直司很自然的就亲昵起来了。

他喜欢呆在家里，经常在起居室。

下雪的时候由于好奇心，我想带他到外面溜溜，却发现他懒洋洋的伸着舌头睡在暖炉里。

就一个脑袋，从暖炉里伸出来睡着的样子，跟祖父像极了。

我离开老家后也会经常打电话回去问父母直司好不好。

回老家的时候，我也会跟直司说一些无关紧要的话，不会跟他抱怨。

因为我想虽然他可能听不懂，但是我们说的一些负面的话，会让他感到有压力。

它性格温顺，喜欢雌性。

稍不留意他就跑到了附近的雌性那边。

他还扮演过牧羊犬的警犬，那时候他的样子和叫声简直是经典。

因为那只牧羊犬的警犬也是好色的性格。

我讨厌装模做样般的一味的溺爱，但是他是我放不下的存在。

希望自己可以陪他过完剩下的狗生。

【问题8】（1）以下是某公司主页上的通知。

正如已经通知的那样，西山营业所在5月31日开始在新地点营业。

但是在搬送的时候，传真机发生了故障，到现在为止还不能使用。

在传真机修好之前，请用下面的电话和邮箱。

另外，传真机修好的第一时间会在网页上通知大家。

给相关各位添麻烦了，很抱歉，请多多关照。

（2）以下是关于动物园的饲养环境，写的一篇文章。

对于动物而言，饲养员是很重要的环境因素。

如果只是改善可见的物理环境，那么动物的生存环境并没有得到真正的改善。

每天与动物生活在一起的饲养员，有时候会成为动物的压力源头。

为了不让自己成为压力源头，饲养员必须认真观察动物，根据动物的情况进行合适的照顾，了解动物的种类特征和个体的性格。

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. reminiscea) indulge in enjoyable recollection b) remind someone of past eventsc) talk about something again d) feel repentant over something2. tackya) very pretty b) lacking in tastec) carefully prepared d) costing a lot of money3. verbositya) nonsense b) obscurityc) gibberish d) wordiness4. acmea) height b) significancec) development d) result5. exhilaratea) cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset b) make (someone) feel very happy and animatedc) make (someone) feel bitter or resentful d) give support or confidence to (someone)6. restivea) extremely graceful b) having a restc) resisting control d) peaceful and quiet7. discrepancya) unlikeliness b) congruityc) incredibility d) difference8. unequivocala) unambiguous b) unbelievablec) indignant d) indiscreet9. preposterousa) macabre b) unfortunatec) dangerous d) outrageous10. sojourna) a pleasant trip b) a nostalgic recollectionc) a temporary stay d) a sad experienceB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1.What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman Conquest.2.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, we renew our pledge of support: to preventit from becoming merely a forum for invective.3.Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, andtrauma.4.These young men had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewilderingworld-weariness.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.6.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his penwould prove mightier than his pickax.7.Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity.8.Scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the springsnowmelt now comes earlier every year.9.These coasts remind me of people; either they are forbidding and unapproachable, or else they present nomystery and show all they have to give at a glance.10.His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is on the 1 of becoming the oldest woman to travel in space.Whitson will be 56 2 she rockets off the planet Thursday. She’ll celebrate her 57th 3 in February on the International Space Station.That’s a 4 cry from John Glenn’s space shuttle flight at 5 77, and it’s a 6 years shy of the male runners-up over the years. But it’s enough to 7 Barbara Morgan’s record as the world’s oldest spacewoman. Morgan was selected for NASA’s teacher-in-space program in 1985 8 didn’t get a chance to fly until 2007, when she was 55.This will be the third space station mission for Whitson, a biochemist, and her second stint 9 commander. She’ll launch from Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, 10 two younger men, one Russian and the 11 French.“I love wo rking at NASA, but the part that has been the 12 satisfying on a day-to-day 13 hasbeen working onboard the space station,” Whitson 14 reporters over the summer.“It doesn’t 15 if I’m cleaning the filters. I feel like I’m helping personally push 16 exploration . . . that’s 17 I want to go again.”Whitson already has 18 377 days in space and has performed multiple spacewalks. Her upcoming six-month mission should push her 19 534 days in space, the U.S. record 20 in September by 58-year-old astronaut Jeffrey WilliamsB. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)without open initial four-wheel offer access hot evacuee devastate feel although chance seaside slow spokesman loadput helicopter emergency toA road has been cleared to the 1 town of Kaikoura on New Zealand’s east coast four days after it was cut off by a magnitude 7.8 quake that 2 the North Canterbury region of the South Island.The inland road to Kaikoura was 3 on Thursday morning, but only for trucks and 4 drive vehicles as it remained unstable and badly damaged.A convoy of 27 army vehicles 5 with relief supplies was immediately sent to the town.Gale-force winds and heavy downpours in quake-stricken areas continued to 6 the pace of relief efforts, 7 the majority of the 1,200 tourists stranded in Kaikoura had been evacuated by sea and air.Nearly 500 8 came into Christchurch early on Wednesday morning on the HMNZS Canterbury and were 9 up in empty student dormitories, where they were 10 cooked breakfasts and 11 showers after arriving at 5am.Police in Marlborough were using a military Iroquois 12 to begin checking on isolated high-country farms from the Clarence river 13 the upper Awatere valley, delivering 14 food and medical supplies to farmers who had gone 15 assistance since the quake early on Monday.Police 16 Dan Mattison said many people on isolated properties still had no phone or internet 17 and the next few days would be the first 18 for police to check on them.Aftershocks continued to be 19 , but less often. GeoNet said on Wednesday it had recorded more than 2,600 tremors since the 20 quake.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Example: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theAs the rise of Hitler in Germany, Churchill became a vocal critic 1. __________of his own government’s policy of appeasement. He had urged 2. __________re-armament, particularly the build up of the Royal Air Force in the 3. __________face of the threat of the growing German Luftwaffe. When appeasementfailed and Britain went to war, Churchill saw as the only man who could 4. __________stand up to the Nazi menace.It has frequently been remarked as his judgment was sometimes 5. __________erratic, but the power of his oratory rallied the British people at a time that 6. __________they seemed doom to lose. Then, when the United States entered 7. __________the World War II in December 1941, he addressed Congress, emphasizing 8. __________the need for Anglo-American solidarity and cited his own trans-Atlantic 9. __________ inheritance: his mother was the New York heiress Jenny Jerome. For him the 10. _________vital component was not the sharing blood, but the shared language. During 11. _________the war, the British Cabinet set up a committee to develop a simple form 12. _________of English that the whole world could embrace.Although Churchill fell from power in 1945, his commanding of rhetoric 13. _________was far from over. He coined the term “Iron Curtain”, marked the advent of 14. _________the Cold War. Returning to popular favour, he was Prime Minister oncemore from 1951-1955.Determined that history would judge him favourable, he wrote The 15. _________Second World War in six volumes between 1948 to 1953. It won him 16._________Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. 17. _________ By his death in 1965, he proved his mastery of both the written and 18. _________spoken forms of language – not just in the heavyweight arena of war 19. _________and politics. His unique wit and acerbic asides made him out of the most 20. _________acute observers of the twentieth century.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1.Nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down thespine of any healthy visitor.2.No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S.history.3.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no”is a word the world neverlearned to say to her.4.They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have everfaced.5.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.6.Every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.7.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth tolead the land we love.8.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.9.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends.10.Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. “If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different.” This statement is cited to represent _________.A. The arbitrariness of languageB. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisC. The origin of languageD. Innate Hypothesis2. “Nasty weather, isn’t it?” What function does this sentence fulfill?A. Informative function.B. Interrogative function.C. Performative function.D. Phatic function.3. Which of the following is NOT a step in the procedure of error analysis?A. Recognition.B. Comparison.C. Description.D. Explanation.4. Which of the following tests seeks to predict the learner’s probable strengths and weaknesses in learning a second language?A. Achievement test.B. Proficiency test.C. Aptitude test.D. Diagnostic test.5. The classification of varieties of language into Dialects and Registers is based on ____.A. The user and use of the languageB. The function of the languageC. The goal of the languageD. The structure of language6. Who is regarded as “Father of the English Novel” ?A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Jonathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding7. Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize winner for literature?A. William FaulknerB. Doris LessingC. V. S. NaipaulD. J. M. Coetzee8. _________ ’ writing has established her as one of the greatest contemporary writers of fiction in Canada, and she has received many important prizes, including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as “master of the contemporary short story” and three-time winner of Canada’s Governor General’s Award for Fiction.A. Margaret AtwoodB. Marian EngelC. Alice MunroD. Doris Lessing9. Which of the following statements about literary genre is NOT true?A. Folktale, strictly defined, is a short narrative in prose of unknown authorship which has been transmitted orally.B. An epic is an extended narrative poem or a novel, which celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes.C. A picaresque novel generally refers to a basically realistic work of fiction focusing on a lower-class rogue-hero, who experiences a series of loose, episodic adventures.D. Gothic Novel is now generally applied to literature dealing with the strange, mysterious, and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in the readers.10. Which one of the following sentences is NOT from Walden?A. Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself.B. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essentials facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.C. If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generation the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown!D. Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. predicate2. complementary distribution3. suprasegmental phonology4. broadening5. textual function6. sonnet7. Lake Poets8. ecological consciousness9. patriarchy10. Lost GenerationVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AFor many years, parts of America’s space industry have complained that the rules governing the export of technology are too strict. Understandably, the government does not want militarily useful stuff to fall into the hands of its foes. But the result is a system that is too stric t in its definition of “militarily useful” and which favours lumbering dinosaurs such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing, which survive on fat government contracts, rather than nimble but small “furry mammals” that need every customer they can get, domestic or foreign.In December 2007 one of those mammals, a company called Bigelow Aerospace, filed the first legal challenge to America’s rules for exporting space technology. It disputed the government’s claim that foreign passengers travelling on a spaceship or space station were involved in a transfer of technology. The outcome suggests that there may be a chink in the armour of the export-controls regime.Improbable as it sounds, Bigelow Aerospace makes and launches inflatable space-station modules and hopes, one day, to build a commercial space station. Under the existing rules, any non-American passengers on its space stations would have to comply with onerous export controls. These take months to satisfy and could plausibly even culminate in government monitors being present while the foreigner was near American space technology. Even training on the ground in a mock-up module was deemed a transfer of technology and therefore required export controls.Yet, taking a passenger flight does not mean you can build an aeroplane, observes Mike Gold, head of Bigelow’s office in Washington, DC. His line of argument, it seems, has been accepted. Mr Gold says that the company received the ruling in February and that it has spent the past two months digesting it. He says that Bigelow has got “everything we could want”, though the ruling still precludes passengers from what he describes as the “bad-boy list of export control”—nationals from Sudan, Iran, North Korea and China will not be allowed to fly or train on suborbital p assenger flights, or visit Bigelow’s space station.Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling. Marc Holzapfel, legal counsel for Virgin Galactic, describes it as a “major development” because it frees the industry from having to go through the “complicated, expensive and dilatory export-approval process”. Tim Hughes, chief counsel of SpaceX, says the approval is exciting, because it seems to represent a “common-sense approach” and bodes well for similar requests made by companies such as his own to carry foreign astronauts hoping to work on missions to the International Space Station.The result also means something to the entire export-control regime, known as the International Traffic inArms Regulations (ITAR). Robert Dickman, executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, says the decision appears to convey a new willingness to “move away from the very restrictive approach that has been in place for almost a decade”. His organisation is hosting a forum later thi s month involving the private spaceflight industry and senior government officials to discuss the regulations.During the American presidential campaign, Barack Obama said that, if elected, he would review ITAR, focusing on space hardware. George Nield, associate administrator for commercial space transportation within the Federal Aviation Authority, says although he has not seen the new ruling, it was good news that the government “may now be willing to revise some of its export-control restrictions to enable American firms to be more competitive in their efforts to sell aerospace products and services globally”.1. What does “furry mammals” in the first paragraph probably refer to?A. giants in space industryB. small and Medium Enterprises in space industryC. a representative cross-section of the furry fandomD. smaller-sized, warm-blooded animals with hair2. The word “onerous” in the third paragraph of the passage is closest in meaning to___.A. complicatedB. irreplaceableC. inevitableD. stackable3. According to the passage, what seems the most possible reason for export controls?A. ideological tacticB. safety of the countryC. protection of technologyD. economic benefits4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bigelow has fulfilled its objective.B. Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling because it simplified the export-approvalprocess.C. The new decision means something to the private spaceflight industry.D. George Nield stands in the middle when talking about the ruling.5. What is the best title for this passage?A. Freedom to fly.B. America’s space industry.C. Export-controls of space technology.D. Furry mammals need to survive.Passage BYou may have heard the legend of the pilot who bid passengers farewell after landing with these words: “The safest part of your trip is now over.” That isn’t just one pilot’s boast, it’s a truth most air travelers take for granted. Safety is an accumulation of knowledge about risk converted into practice, and no other mode of transportation has been as expansive as flying in incorporating what we know about the fallibility of humans and machines. As a result, the act of hurtling through the air at 500 mph six miles above the ground is less likely to result in your demise than almost any other type of travel. From the plane seats to the cabin air to the course and altitude of the flight, every decision in commercial aviation comes after careful consideration of its impact on safety.Airplane design is important to its saf ety. In the past 50 years, the world’s commercial airliners have racked up nearly one billion flight hours, providing an industry meticulous about recordkeeping with a steady stream of information that is used to constantly improve the design of airplanes and engines. And all this information gives engineers a truer understanding of the machine’s limits. Besides, manufacturers now know what happens in the real world, which prompts refinements that may make a genuine difference in safety instead of only in design.An equal amount of attention is also paid to the area where you sit. Capacious or cramped, first-class or economy, all airplane seats meet tough standards for durability and head-impact protection. The modern airliner seat can withstand 16 times the force of gravity. And seat protection doesn’t stop there. The fabrics and cushions are fire retardant and self-extinguishing, and they will not emit toxic smoke. Even the items you find in the seat back are tested to make sure they can’t become lethal. Th e insulation in the cabin walls is fire retardant, and, in the case of a fire, emergency lighting is close to the floor. This makes it easier to locate the exits in a smoke-filled cabin.Technology is no substitute for experience, skill and judgment. Airlines know the importance of good pilots and good training, which is why so much effort goes into selection and schooling. And what they need most is a personality that ensures good communication skills, that ensures leadership potential, the ability to work as part of a team and low risk-taking. For example, U.S. carriers expect pilots to have accrued hundreds of hours on their own nickel before applying to become commercial pilots.The pilots and the airplanes may be the stars of the show in commercial aviation, but behind the scenes, a new, almost Star Wars-like air traffic system is being built where airplanes guided by GPS will fly self-programmed routes, communicating with each other and with the ground. This is very different from the days when maps, blackboards and pencil and paper calculations were used to direct airplanes. Many planes today can operate in a geographic window so exact that their horizontal position remains within a wingspan, with vertical deviation less than the height of the tail. The linking of onboard and on-the-ground systems creates highways in the sky where nobody veers out of their lanes. Today, with more improvement on airplanes, your airplane ride may be the safety of your day.6. According to the passage, what does the author mean by saying “The safest part of your trip is now over”?A. It is just one pilot’s boast.B. It is often said by a pilot to bid farewell to passengers after landing.C. Airplane ride is taken as a safer transportation by most air travelers.D. Most air travelers take it for granted that airplane ride is the safest transportation.7. In terms of the factors that guarantee the safety of the plane, which one is NOT mentioned ____.A. airplane designB. pilots with good experience, skill and judgmentC. the airliner seats with protection effectD. improvements on airport property8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Airplanes are more expansive than other mode of transportation in incorporating the fallibility ofhumans and machines.B. More flight hours can help engineers improve the design of airplanes and engines.C. Only some airplane seats meet tough standards for durability and head-impact protection.D. A amount of attention should be paid to selecting a certain kind of pilot for airliners.9. The last sentence in Paragraph 4 implies that ___.A. To apply to become commercial pilots, pilots have spent much in accumulating much experience andobtain some abilities at their own expense.B. To apply to become commercial pilots, pilots have to spend much money in obtaining some mostfundamental flight and landing skills.C. Commercial pilots seem to be the most demanding ones among all different kinds of pilots.D. Even hundreds of hours on his own nickel are insufficient for a pilot to be a qualified commercial pilot.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. Why Are Airplanes Safe?B. What Are Needed to be a Good Pilot?C. Factors to be a Safe Traveler.D. Road to Become a Pilot.Passage CThe subatomic particle is better known to scientists as the Higgs boson. And after decades of searches, it seems likely the elusive particle has been successfully detected inside an underground tunnel experiment run by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) outside Geneva. Results “consistent” with the hard-to-detect particle, in the words of CERN chief Rolf Heuer as he announced the discovery July 4, may be the opening act in explaining the structure of the sky over our heads.A source of heartburn t o serious science types now, the “God particle” nickname for the Higgs boson comes from the title of a 1993 book by Nobel-prize winner Leon Lederman, who was trying to play up the elusive nature of the particle.For a glimpse of one implication of this latest big news in science, climb aboard a time machine, saysphysicist Jonathan Feng of the University of California-Irvine, and visit the birth of the universe 13.7 billion years ago.“Simply take the universe backwards, to an early time when the cosm os was a hot mass, brand new, filled with particles that each weighed perhaps 500 times as much as a proton,” says Feng (protons are positively charged subatomic particles inside atoms). “Now play the film forward. Just let it go until it expands to fill w ith today’s stars and galaxies, and what you find is that it contains amounts of that particle that are just right to be ‘dark matter’ filling the universe.”Terrific, you might say, but what’s so wonderful about dark matter?Dark matter is basically a b unch of stuff, likely exotic physics particles, that we can’t really see (hence its name) but we know is out there. Astronomers realized a few decades ago that galaxies should be spinning faster than they are if the stars within them were the only things providing the gravity that holds them together. So, their theories go, there must be something - dark matter - slowing them down.It turns out that stars are just the shiny hubcaps on each galaxy, outweighed by a factor of nearly 6-to-1 by all the dark matter out there. Dark matter even pulls itself together through gravity. For example, the journal Nature last week reported that a dark matter cloud gravitationally connects two clusters of galaxies, called Abell 222 and Abell 223. This cloudy filament stretches over 11 million light years between the clusters and weighs 98 trillion times as much as our sun.That’s a lot of dark matter. So is the Higgs boson this elusive dark matter particle (or particles) then?Nope. But it may be a key to dark matter, physicists say.The Higgs boson is the physics particle that gives other particles their mass. Essentially it interacts with them to increase their resistance to being moved faster, which we can measure as mass.Because the Higgs boson’s basic job is to interact with other physics particles to give them mass, “the Higgs boson can interact with dark matter very easily,” Caltech’s Sean Carroll explained on NPR’s Science Friday show after the recent “God particle” announcement. “Dark matter is one of the most excit ing implications of this discovery,” Carroll said.How? That brings us back to Feng’s rerun of the universe. “Having a particle out there theoretically just a little heavier than the Higgs boson, which interacts with it, is waving a red cape in front of the eyes of physicists,” Feng says. “There is a lot more data coming from CERN ahead that may reveal the dark matter particle.”Dark matter particles that theoretically could be detected at CERN’s underground Large Hadron Collider are envisioned by a theory called “focus point supersymmetry.” Supersymmetry theories predict that the already-discovered particles that comprise everyday matter have much-heavier “super” counterparts awaiting detection (for example, the already detected “quarks” inside protons woul d have an undetected super-partner called “squarks”). Focus point supersymmetry predicts both a Higgs boson with a weight similar to the one reported on July 4, about 130 times as heavy as a proton, and dark matter particles.“In fact, the simplest focus p oint models predict that dark matter particles should be seen not long from now in the underground detectors that are searching for them,” if the CERN lab indeed found a Higgs boson,。

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:242满分:100 分科目名称:法语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire 单项选择(20%)1. Je vais________Italie et elle va________Japon.A.en, enB. au, auC. en, auD. au, en2. Il a passé toute la soirée ________ écrire des letters.A. parB. pourC. àD. d’3. Est-ce que les filles __________ les mains avant de se mettre à table.A. sont lavésB. se sont lavésC. se sont lavéesD. se sont lavé4. Combien d’heures travaillez-vous _________ jour?A. chaqueB. toutC. unD. par5. -V oulez-vous du café?- Oui, donnez-_______ une tasse! Merci.A. m’enB. le-moiC. me-leD. moi6. Elle me disait que son mari ________ la rejoindre à Paris.A. viendraitB. venaitC. viendraD. sera venu7. De nous tous, c’est elle qui danse _________.A. mieuxB. le mieuxC. bienD. très bien8. Le médecin me conseille de rester _________ lit et _______ boire beaucoup d’eau.A. au; pourB. sur le; àC. au; deD. dans; de9. __________ trente candidats, douze ont été reçus.A. ParmiB. SurC. DansD. En10. Notre ami nous a réservé des chambres dans _________ hôtel.A. ceB. cetteC. cetD. ces11. Regarde ces deux dictionnaires! ____________ choisiras-tu?A. lequelB. laquelleC. quelD. quelle12. Personne ne veut rester enfermé chez _________ par un temps si beau.A. luiB. elleC. soiD. moi13. Cette jeune femme de vingt ans _________ le français depuis dix ans.A. apprendB. enseigneC. prendD. lit14. Les filles étaient ________ d’être invitées à la soirée.A. toutesB. tousC. toutD. toute15. C’est une maladie qui est facile _________ guérir.A. pourB. deC. àD. en16. Mon ordinateur ne fonctionne plus, je demande à mon père de me prêter ________ .A. leB. enC. le leurD. le sien17. Il n’y a qu’un étudiant dans la classe. Où sont donc __________?A. autresB. les autresC. autruiD. d’autres18. –Quelle leçon avez-vous ________ hier?–Nous avons appris la lecon 3.A. priseB. apprisC. appriseD. pris19. Un Français __________ cinq fait aujourd’hui partie de ce qu’on appelle le troisième âge.A. dansB. parC. entreD. sur20. Tes études, tu dois__________occuper.A. enB. yC. t’yD. t’enII. Conjugaison des verbes au temps et au mode convenables. 时态填空(5%)21.M on frère(pouvoir) __________ réussir s’il travaillait plus dur.22.J e voulais bien le raconter, mais il (partir) __________déja sans lasisser un mot.23.I ls nous ont dit qu’ils (surmonter)__________ sûrement la crise de la qurantaine.24.Q uinze jours après, ces touristes(traverser) __________l’Alsace sur les canaux.25.I l faut que tous les garçon(arriver) __________à temps.III. Compréhension écrite. 阅读理解(10%)Texte 1Quel Métier choisirChoisir un métier, c’est décider de son avenir! Mais, n’ayez pas peur ! Les évolutions des métiers sont très rapides: il est possible que vous n’excusez pas le même métier toute votre vie ou pas dans les mêmes conditions , et peut-être même que vous exercerez un métier qui n’existe pas encore. Le choix que vous faites aujourd’hui n’est donc pas définitif, mais il vous permet de fixer un but afin de constuire un sens de formation, qui pourra bien sûr s’affirmer et s’enrichir au fur et à mesurer votre vie professionnelle.Si généralement vous avez votre petite idée sur le métier que vous souhaitez exercer, pourtant les représentations que vous en avez ne correspondent pas toujours à la réalité. Pour bien connaître les métiers et les secteurs professionnels, la première étape importante est de bien connaître vos propres idées en recherchant des informations précises. Plusieurs possibilités s’offrent à vous. D’abord, rendez-vous dans le centre de documentation et d’in formation de votre établissement ou dans le centre d’information et d’orientation le plus proche où vous pourrez consulter l’abondante documation sue les métiers.Puis vous pouvez aussi poser des questions àvos parents, àleurs amis, àvos voisins sur leur activités professionnelle, telle que : que font-ils exactement comme métier ?Comment s’organise leur journée ? Dans quel service travaillent-ils ? Tavaillent-ils seuls ou en équipe ? Ce qu’ils ont vécu est précieux. Les conférences sur des métiers et les salons d’orientations sont aussi une bonne occasion de rencontrer des gens intéressants.Enfin, vous pouvez visiter une entreprise à l’occasion de journées portes ouvertes. Mieux encore, un stage d’observation de quelques jours vous permettra de rentrer dans l’entreprise afin d’être directement face à la réalité.26 Pou choisir un métier, quel conseil l’auteur donne-il aux jeunes gens ?A Il faut bien réfléchir, car choisir un métier , c’est décider de son avenir.B Ce n’est pas la peine de le faire t out de suite, car le métier évolue très vite.C On peut en choisir un, car ce n’est pas le choix définitif.D On peut en choisir un, mais il faut d’abord suivre des conseils.27 Que faut-il faire avant le choix d’un métier ?A Il faut d’abord rendre claires les idées sur le choix d’un métier.B Il faut avoir de petites idées sur les métiers qu’on souhaite exercer.C Il faut que le choix s’accorde à la réalité du besoin social.D Il faut lire les journaux et demander aux gens qu’on connaît.28 Quand on va au centre de documentation, quel but veut-on atteindre selon le texte ?A Trouver une liste bien complète sur les entreprises.B Connaître mieux le domaine et le métier qu’on va choisir.C Trouver plus de secrets commerciaux dans ce domaine.D Avoir une vue plus large du marché de travail.29 Pourquoi faut-il aussi demander les avis des parents et ceux des voisins ? parce queA Ils peuvent nous aider à trouver un tavail intéressant.B Ils peuvent prendre des décisions pour les jeunes gens.C Les jeunes veulent trouver le même travail qu’eux.D Leurs périences sont plus directes et plus vivantes.30 En quoi consistent ces trois sources d’informations ?A Ces trois sources d’informations consistent en une théorie seule.B Elles consistent en théorie-expérience indirecte-pratique.C Elles consistent en théorie-pratique-théorie.D Elles consistent en théorie—pratique-expérience indirecte.Texte 2La compréhension d’un texteUn individu ayant à lire un texte dans une langue qu’il connaît mal aura la réaction suivante : « Je ne peux pas lire ce texte, je ne comprends pas certains mots.» Et en effet, l’obstacle à la compréhension est en partie dû à une faible connaissance du vocabulaire. Est-ce à dire qu’avec un dictionnaire on parviendrait àcomprendre le texte en cherchant la traduction de la plupart des mots ? Certes, il y aura un résultat après de gros efforts, cependant il faut se souvenir que la compréhension d’une langue n’est pas seulement liée à la traduction d’une suite d e mots mais àla perception des relations qui existent entre ces termes.Devant un mot inconnu, le lecteur dispose de plusieurs moyens pour comprendre :--- Le mot est compris selon le texte. Le lecteur utilise le sens de la phrase pour deviner le mot inconnu.--- Le mot est découpé en unité plus petite. Le lecteur reconnaît dans le mot quelque chose qu’il a déjàlu. Il voit «courage »dans le découragement et comprend grâce àsa connaissance de la valeur de « dé- ».--- Le mot est reconnu grâce à la prés ence d’un élément : photo, dessin et image.--- Le mot est compris à l’aide de la connaissance du vocabulaire ou d’un dictionnaire.Il faut encourager le lecteur à compter sur le texte pour lui donner le sens d’un mot.31 Ce document est destiné ________A. seulement aux étudiants.B. seulement aux professeurs.C. à tous ceux qui veulent lire en langue étrangère.D. à tous ceux qui lisent à l’aide d’un dictionnaire.32 L’auteur du document ________A. encourage les lecteurs à lire davantage.B. encourage les lecteurs à lire correctement.C. montre comment comprendre facilement un texte.D. montre comment mieux utiliser un dictionnaire.33 Après avoir lu le texte, comment peut-on comprendre le mot « découvrir » ?A. Je vais utiliser mon dictionnaire.B. Je vais demander à un ami français.C. Je le comprends grâce à une image, une photo, ou un dessin.D. Je le comprends grâce à la connaissance du vocabulaire.34 Comment peut-on comprendre mieux un texte en langue étrangère selon l’auteur ?A. Il faut traduire le texte mot à mot et deviner le sens des mots nouveaux.B. Il faut comprendre les sens et leurs relations.C. Il faut compter sur les mots pour leur donner le sens.D. Il faut utiliser le sens du texte pour deviner le mot inconnu.35 Quel est le meilleur titre du texte ?A. Comment peut-on comprendre mieux un texte ?B. Comment peut-on mieux utiliser un dictionnaire ?C. Comment peut-on élever le niveau d’une langue étrangère ?D. Comment peut-on mieux traduire un texte ?IV. Version 法译汉(25%)Les étrangers en FranceI ls ont 4 100 000, et 1 900 000 d’entre eux sont des travailleurs salariés.Certains viennent d’ autres pays européens: d’Espagne (250 000), d’Italie (210 000), mais 675 000 viennent d’Afrique du Nord. Il y a aussi de nombreux travailleurs d’Afrique Noir.Les tavailleurs d’Afrique de Nord et d’Afrique Noir ont très souvent beaucoup de difficultés en France. Ils viennent en France pour trouver un emploi qui leur permettra de vivre mieux et surtout d’aider leur famille , restée au pays,mais la plupart ne trouvront que des emplois durs, fatigants et mal payés.Ils auront aussi, bien souvent, des difficultés à trouver un logement et vivront dans des chambres inconfortables avec plusieurs compagnons.Enfin, ils auront des difficultés pour lire, pour parler, pour écrire, car la plupart ne connaissent pas le français. Pour résoudre ce grave problème, il y a depuis quelques années, des cours du soir, des cous à la télévision qui permettent aux travailleurs immigrés d’apprendre rapid ement la langue. V. Thème:汉译法(25%)1. 只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。