2020届高三精准培优专练三 虚拟语气(教师版)

高中虚拟语气讲解及练习（教师版）虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为…错综条件句‟，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

培优点三判断离子方程式的正误的几个方面一．离子方程式的正误判断的几个方面1．看是否符合可观事实典例1．下列离子方程式正确的是（）A．钠投入硫酸铜溶液中：2Na+Cu2+==Cu+2Na+B．苏打中滴加少量盐酸混合：CO2－3+2H+==CO2↑+H2OC．稀盐酸中加入铁粉：2Fe+6H+==2Fe3++3H2↑D．CuSO4溶液与Ba(OH)2溶液混合：Cu2++SO2－4+2OH－+Ba2+===BaSO4↓+Cu(OH)2↓【答案】D【解析】A项不符合事实，Na要先与水反应，生成的NaOH再与CuSO4反应，无Cu 析出同，A项错；CO2－3与少量H+反应生成HCO－3而不是CO2，B项错；铁和稀盐酸的反应产物为Fe2+，应写为Fe+2H+==Fe2++H2↑，C项错；D项，生成两种沉淀，正确。

2．化学式拆写是否正确典例2．能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是（）A．碳酸钡和稀硝酸反应：CO2－3+2H+＝CO2↑+H2OB．澄清石灰水中加盐酸：2H++Ca(OH)2==Ca2++2H2OC．金属钠和水反应：2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH﹣+H2↑D．硅酸钠溶液与醋酸溶液混合：SiO2－3+2H+==H2SiO3↓【答案】C【解析】离子方程式书写的正误判断至少应注意以下三个方面：（1）反应本身是否符合反应实际；（2）反应是否遵循质量守恒、元素守恒和电荷守恒；（3）离子或分子的符号是否遵循书写规律。

A．碳酸钡是沉淀不拆，故A错；B.澄清石灰水中Ca(OH)2应写成离子形式，正确的写法为H++OH−=H2O；D．醋酸是弱电解质，不能拆写。

故选C。

3．是否遵循守恒定律典例3．下列离子方程式正确的是（）A．向Fe2(SO4)3溶液中加入过量铁粉：Fe3++Fe==2Fe2+B．氯气和FeCl2溶液反应：Fe2++Cl2==Fe3++2Cl－C．0.01mol·L−1NH4Al(SO4)2溶液与0.02mol·L−1Ba(OH)2溶液等体积混合：NH+4 +Al3++2SO2－4+2Ba2++4OH－==2BaSO4↓+Al(OH)3↓+NH3·H2OD．用重铬酸钾溶液滴定草酸：Cr2O2−7+14H++3C2O2－4=2Cr3++6CO2↑+7H2O【答案】C【解析】A中离子方程式电荷不守恒，正确的离子方程式是2Fe3++Fe===3Fe2+，是错误的；B.电荷不守恒，2Fe2++Cl2==2Fe3++2Cl－D中加入的是过量铁粉，产物应是Fe2+，是错误的；C中反应物的物质的量之比为1∶2，将所有的离子按量写出来：NH+4+Al3++2SO2－4 +2Ba2++4OH－，分析量的关系发现它们恰好完全反应，生成2BaSO4↓+Al(OH)3↓+NH3·H2O，故C正确；D.用重铬酸钾溶液滴定草酸，离子方程式：Cr2O2−7+8H++3H2C2O4=2Cr3++6CO2↑+7H2O，故D错误。

虚拟语气一、单项选择:(共18小题,每题1分)1.If I had had enough time, I my work.[]A.would finishB.must have finishedC.would have finishedD.had finished2.Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.[]A.will catchB.would catchC.would have caughtD.will have caught3.Mr Green requires that the students a composition everyotherweek.A.writeB.writenC.would writeD.will write4.Had he studied hard, he the exam.[]A.would passB.could passC.had passedD.would have passed5.I wish I what is happening there in his room.[]A.knowB.knownC.knewD.should know6.It is important that you sports every day.[]A.haveB.would haveC.must haveD.will have7.If there were no water in the world, everything .[]A.will dieB.would dieC.would have diedD.would have been dead8.what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.A.Had I knownB.If I knowC.If I knewD.If had I known9.He ordered that the work right away.[]A.should finishB.finishedC.would be finishedD.be finished10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight?[]—No, I'd rather at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stay11.in your position, I would help him.[]A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had been12.I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain.[]A.mean to comeB.meant to comeC.had meant to comeD.meant coming13.Mrs Black insists in that old hotel.[]A.not to stayB.not stayingC.staying notD.that she not stay14.If you had spoken clearly, you would .[]A.understand itB.have understoodC.be understoodD.have been understood15.If you that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sosleepy.A.haven't watchedB.hadn't watchedC.didn't watchD.wouldn't have watched16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he aChinese.A.isB.beC.should beD.was17.—If he , he that food.[]—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned; would not takeB.would be warned; had not takenC.had been warned;would not have takenD.would have been warned; had not taken18.Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technologyachieved.A.will not beB.would not beC.would not have beenD.cannot have been二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:(共10小题,每题2分)1.If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.2.It's time that we (go) to the railway station.3.If they(not help) us ,our experiment would have failed.4.You're five minutes late.I suggested that you (come )earlier tomorrow.5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we (drink) a glass of water after we get up.6.She insisted that she (send) to work in the faraway small town.7.I not (forget) his telephone number,I would have rung him.8.He is busy now. If he (be) free, he (go) with you.9.The manager was in his office then. If he (be) here, everything (settle) in a minute.10.Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing (happen).三、完成句子(每空一词):(共10个空,每空2分)1.真想不到我们俩会在这里见面.It's strange that we here.2.如果没有参加玛丽的生日聚会的话,我们彼此就不会认识了.If we hadn't taken part in Mary's birthday party, we each other.3.—这么近的路,我们应该步行到车站来.—是啊,根本没必要乘出租车.—We to the station, it was so near.—Yes. A taxi wasn't at all necessary.4.万一明天下雨的话,我们将不得不推迟参观颐和园.it rain tomorrow, we to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.四、句型转换:(共28个空,每空1.5分)1.It is necessary for college students to master at least one foreign language.It is necessary college students at least one foreign language.2.Without sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.3.She insisted on translating the sentence this way.She insisted that the sentence this way.4.The students suggested going there on foot.The students suggested there on foot.5.She suggested that we should go to his help.is that we to his help.6.Lucy didn't come to class today because she didn't feel well.she well, she to class today.7.I don't know French, so I can't talk to the French friends.If I French, I could talk to the French friends.8.He didn't take his parents' advice and he is not a college student now.If he his parents' advice, hea college student now.9.The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work.I couldn't the work the professor's help.一、1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D10.A 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.C二、1.had arrived2.went (should go)3.had not helped4.(should) come5.(should) drink6.(should) be sent7.Had; forgotten8.were;would go9.had been;would have been settled10.were happening三、1.meet 2.wouldn't have known3.should have walked4.Should; would have四、 1.that; should master2.If there were no3.should be translated4.they go5.Her suggestion; go6.Had; felt; would have come7.knew8.had taken; would be9.have finished; without。