被动语态一、被动语态的意义: 语态用于说明主语和谓语的关系,它包括主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：We clean our classroom every day.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.二、被动语态的构成：be + 动词的过去分词be 必须与主语的人称、数一致。
初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态的结构为：一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is / are+过去分词English is taught in that school. 那个学校教英语。
We are asked to answer some questions in class. 课上我们被要求回答一些问题。
I am often found by my brother first. 我经常第一个被发现。
一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were +过去分词The song was written by Shi Guangna. 那首歌是施光南写的。
These shoes were bought for my sisters. 这些鞋子是给我的姐妹们买的。
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词That old woman must be sent to hospital at once. 那位老太太马上送医院。
She may be taken to the police station. 她可能会被带到警察局。
It can’t be written with pencils. 不能用铅笔写（它）。
其他形式的被动语态需要了解一下：1．动词不定式的被动语态：to be done2. 其他时态的被动语态：现在进行时被动语态：am/ is /are being done过去进行时被动语态：was/ were being done现在完成时被动语态：have/ has been done过去完成时被动语态：had been done一般将来时被动语态：will be doneam/ is/are going to be done过去将来时被动语态：would be donewas/ were going to be done三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1.主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。
They made this kite yesterday afternoon. This kite was made yesterday afternoon by them.昨天下午他们做了这只风筝。
这只风筝是他们昨天下午做的。
2.主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。
We took the sick boy to hospital at once. The sick boy was taken to hospital at once.我们立刻把那个生病的男孩送到了医院。
那个生病的男孩立刻被送往了医院。
3.主动结构的主语变为介词by 的宾语。
She cleans all the desks every day. All the desks are cleaned by her every day.她每天擦所有的桌子。
每天所有的桌子都是她擦的。
4.带双宾语动词的主动结构可把直接宾语或间接宾语改为被动语态的主语。
He gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日那天他送了我一件礼物。
I was given a present on my birthday. / A present was given to me on my birthday.5.带复合宾语的动词变被动语态，只把宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语留在原处。
主动语态中，有些动词要求后面用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，若变为被动语态时，一律加to. 例如：1) She made her students do a lot of homework last Sunday.上个星期天，她让她的学生做了很多作业。
Her students were made to do a lot of homework last Sunday.上个星期天，她的学生被迫做了很多作业。
2) We often hear the boy play the piano in his room.我们经常听到这个男孩在房间时弹钢琴。
The boy is often heard to play the piano in his room.这个男孩经常被听到在房间里弹钢琴。
3) I let them go into the cinema first just now. 刚才我让他们先进电影院了。
They were let to go into the cinema first just now. 刚才他们被允许先进电影院了。
* 注意：1.不及物动词没有被动语态，但有的不及物动词后跟一个介词或副词，其作用相当于一个及物动词。
这时，介词或副词不能省。
例如：1) His father can look after him. He can be looked after by his father.他的父亲能够照顾他。
他能够被他的父亲照顾。
2)We took care of the old man last year. The old man was taken care of by us.去年我们照顾那位老人的。
去年那个老人是我们照顾的。
3) Her classmates often laugh at her. She is often laughed at by her classmates.她的同学经常笑她。
她经常被她的同学嘲笑。
4) The scientists found out a good idea at last. A good idea was found out by the scientists at last.最后，科学家们找到了一个好的办法。
一个好办法最后终于被科学家们找到了。
2.某些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
This coat feels smooth and soft. 这件大衣摸起来光滑柔软。
This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很耐洗。
3.有些动词不能用被动语态。
如：happen, take placeWhat happened just now? 刚才发生什么事了？Great changes have taken place in my hometown since five years ago.五年以来，我的家乡发生的巨大的变化。
* growRice is grown in east and south China. 水稻生长在中国的东部和南部。
The rice in this field grows well. 这块田里的水稻长势不错。
* sellThis book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
This book is sold in that bookshop. 这本书那家书店有卖。
Exercises One单项选择( )1. She often _____ by her classmates.A. laughedB. laughed atC. laughingD. been laughed( )2. After the room ______, we’ll go on a holiday.A. paintB. paintsC. will paintD. is painted( )3. –Have all the students known that our class will visit the Great Wall tomorrow?-- Yes. Every student _______ about it.A. tellsB. toldC. was toldD. has told( )4. I wasn’t at home yesterday. I ______ t help with Tommy’s party.A. askedB. was askedC. was askingD. had asked( )5. This kind of car _____ well. It’s quite popular.A. sellB. sellsC. is soldD. is selling( )6. MADE IN CHINA can _______ on many things even in England.A. been seenB. seeC. seesD. saw( )7. Old people should _______ politely.A. be spokenB. speakC. be spoken toD. speaks( )8. –Have you heard of the tide wave?--Yes, I watched it on TV. Millions of people _________ in it.A. were killedB. killedC. killD. were killing( )9. I was surprised to hear that the colour TV set _______ him 8000 yuan.A. has costB. costC. costedD. was cost( )10. –What a beautiful TV set! How long have you had it?-- For two months. It _______ on my last birthday.A. is boughtB. buyC. boughtD. was bought( )11. I like this sweater because it ______ so soft and warm.A. is feelingB. feelsC. has feltD. is felt( )12. The children should _______ not to break the traffic rules.A. be told b. told C. tell D. telling( )13. The young trees ______ well if they _______.A. won’t grow, don’t take careB. don’t grow, are taken good care ofC. don’t grow, don’t take good care ofD. won’t grow, aren’t taken good care of ( )14. If the child _____ , please telephone the police.A. foundB. is foundC. will findD. has found( )15. Sheep _____ by farmers for _____ wool and meat.A.are kept , producingB. kept, makingC. keep, growingD. is kept, gettingExercises Two一、将下列句子译成中文。
