2010年经济学真题

暨南大学803西方经济学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：理论经济学各专业、应用经济学各专业（金融学除外）考试科目名称：803西方经济学考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、简答题（共6题，每题10分，共60分）1．列举影响财政政策挤出效应的因素，并解释这些因素如何影响挤出效应。

2．画图简要说明完全竞争厂商短期均衡的形成和条件。

3．简述2009年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者威廉姆森的主要理论贡献。

4．要素使用原则与利润最大化原则有何联系？考试科目：西方经济学共2页，第1页考试科目：西方经济学共2页，第2页4.3.1 暨南大学803西方经济学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题解析一、简答题（共6题，每题10分，共60分）1、列举影响财政政策挤出效应的因素，并解释这些因素如何影响挤出效应。

【参考答案】：扩张性财政政策导致利率上升，从而“挤出”私人投资，进而对国民收入的增加产生一定程度的抵消作用，这种现象称为挤出效应。

影响挤出效应的因素有：一，支出乘数的大小。

乘数越大，政府支出所引起的产出增加固然越多，但利率提高使投资减少所引起的国民收入减少也越多，即“挤出效应”越大。

二，货币需求对产出变动的敏感程度。

k越大，挤出效应也越大。

三，货币需求对利率变动的敏感程度。

h越大，挤出效应越小。

四，投资需求对利率变动的敏感程度，越敏感，挤出效应越大。

2、画图简要说明完全竞争厂商短期均衡的形成和条件。

【参考答案】：短期内，完全竞争厂商通过对产量的调整来实现MR=SMC的利润最大化的均衡条件的。

首先，在价格依次为P1、P2、P3、P4和P5时，厂商根据MR=SMC的原则依次选择最优产量为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5，均衡点分别为E1、E2、E3、E4和E5。

其实，厂商通过比较最优产量水平上的平均收益AR与短期平均成本SAC来确定自己的最大利润是正是负还是零。

This document consists of 12 printed pages.IB10 11_9708_11/3RP© UCLES 2010[Turn over*6354831023*UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced LevelECONOMICS 9708/11Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core)October/November 20101 hourAdditional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraserSoft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite in soft pencil.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.Write your n ame, Cen tre n umber an d can didate n umber on the An swer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you.There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A , B , C and D .Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet.1What is the central problem for an economy? A to achieve maximum growth in production B to allocate resources between alternative uses C to ensure all resources are fully exploited D to overcome inequalities in income distribution2What are most likely to be disadvantages found in a market economy? A economic growth and state-owned companies B merit goods and free competition C public goods and economic specialisation D unemployment and external costs3 The diagram shows the production possibility curve of an economy.goodscapital goodsWhich statement explains the shape of this curve?A More efficient workers are drawn away from the production of consumer goods.B Resources cannot be switched between producing capital and consumer goods.C The economy is more efficient at producing capital than consumer goods.D The opportunity cost of producing capital goods increases the more capital goods are made. 4What is a correct statement about money?A Its functions mean the characteristics that it possesses.B Its liquidity means its use as legal tender.C Its supply means the total value of banknotes in circulation.D Its value means its purchasing power.5What might shift an individual’s demand curve for petrol to the left? A a fall in the price of parking B a fall in the price of petrol C a rise in the price of carsD a rise in the price of public transport6 The diagram shows a consumer’s short-run and long-run demand curves for coconuts. Initially,the consumer purchases quantity Q 0 at price P 0.price quantityP 0If the price of coconuts increases from P 0, the consumer’s short-run response is greater than his long-run response. If the price decreases from P 0 his short-run response is smaller than his long-run response.What is the consumer’s short-run demand curve? A VYW B VYZ C XYZ D XYW7 The table shows a consumer’s expenditure on a range of goods at different levels of income. For which good does the consumer have an income elasticity of demand greater than zero, butless than one?consumer’s income ($)40 50 100 good consumer’s expenditure ($)A 10 18 40B 10 11 20C 10 10 10 D10868 The diagram shows the demand curve for a product.priceWhich statement is correct?A Demand is less elastic at higher prices than at lower prices.B Consumer expenditure on the product always rises when price falls.C Price elasticity of demand is different at every price.D Price elasticity of demand equals one at every price.9 The table shows the market demand for a product and the individual supply of the three firms X, Y and Z in the industry.price $market demand (000)supply by X (000)supply by Y (000)supply by Z (000)40 60 50 10 20 30 70 41 11 18 20 80 34 10 16 10 90 30 9 11What is the equilibrium market price? A $40B $30C $20D $1010 Domino Pizza, the largest US pizza chain, said that its profits had been reduced by price inflationon ingredients and by a reduction in consumers’ disposable income.How would these changes affect the demand and supply curve for its products?demand supply A move to the left move to the left B move to the left move to the right C move to the right move to the left Dmove to the rightmove to the right11 Which area in the diagram represents the amount of consumer surplus that would occur in amarket if a government enforced an effective maximum price?pricequantityA f onlyB f + g + h onlyC f + g + i onlyD f + g + h + i + j + k12 Rising demand for oil from China and other countries is leading to concerns that there may be aworld shortage of oil.How should a change in the price of oil prevent such a shortage developing?A Price should fall to reduce demand and encourage a search for more oil.B Price should fall to reduce supply and encourage a reduction in fuel use.C Price should rise to reduce demand and encourage a search for alternative fuels.D Price should rise to reduce supply and encourage a switch to alternative fuels.13 In the diagram OS 1 and OS 2 are two straight-line supply curves.pricequantityAs price increases, the elasticity of supply A decreases along both OS 1 and OS 2.B increases less rapidly along OS 1 than along OS 2.C increases more rapidly along OS 1 than along OS 2.D is constant along both OS 1 and OS 2.14 What is the most likely reason economists will give to explain why large hospital projects areoften funded by governments?A Governments usually control the construction industry.B Hospitals benefit many people who do not use them.C Hospitals are non-excludable.D Hospitals are an essential service.15 How would net external benefit be calculated?A external benefit minus external costB external benefit plus private benefitC private benefit plus social benefitD social benefit minus private cost16 The table shows the expected costs and benefits from four government projects. The governmentcan afford only one project.Which project should the government choose?private benefits$mexternal benefits$mprivate costs$mexternal costs$mA 40 200 60 70B 6016010020C 100 210 100 120 D150 90120 14017 What will make it more likely that road tolls will reduce traffic congestion?A Cross-elasticity of demand between private and public transport is zero.B Demand for car use is income-elastic.C Demand for car use is price-elastic.D Supply of public transport is price-inelastic.18 In the diagram, S 1S 1 and DD represent the original supply and demand curves for an agriculturalproduct.pricequantityP 123Bad weather then reduces supply to S 2S 2.The government does not allow the price to rise above OP 1.How much of the product will the government have to supply from stocks if the price is to be maintained at OP 1? A OQ 3B Q 1Q 3C Q 1Q 2D Q 2Q 319Steel is produced in a number of countries, including China, Japan and the US. It is used in the manufacture of cars. The US protects its domestic steel industry by imposing high tariffs on foreign steel imports.Which two groups would benefit from the removal of the US tariffs?A Chinese steel producers and Japanese car manufacturersB Japanese steel producers and US car manufacturersC US steel producers and Chinese steel workersD the US government and Japanese steel workers20The supply of an imported good is shown by curve S.What will be the new supply curve if an ad valorem (percentage) tariff is imposed on the good? Array21What is found in a customs union but not a free trade area?A a common currencyB a common external tariffC fixed exchange ratesD free movement of labour22The table shows how much rice and wheat two countries, X and Y, can grow when each country divides its resources equally between growing rice and wheat.country X country Yrice (units) 900m 100mwheat (units) 300m 50mAssume that each country now specialises according to comparative advantage and trades with the other country.Which terms of trade would benefit both countries?A 1 wheat = 5 riceB 1 wheat = 3 riceC 1 wheat = 2.5 riceD 1 wheat = 2 rice23What must fall when the rate of unemployment rises?A the effectiveness of the use of resourcesB the level of labour productivityC the number of workers in employmentD the size of the labour force24The table shows the percentage price changes in some items in the UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the year to 1 June 2006.item % change in pricerents, electricity and gas 9.0education 4.7transport 4.0restaurants and hotels 3.2health services 2.9The increase in the overall CPI over the same period was 2.5%.What can be concluded from the data above?A The CPI is not an accurate measure of inflation.B Some prices must have fallen.C The average price increase of other items was less than 2.5%.D The real value of money rose by more than 2.5%.25In Year 1 the price of a barrel of oil increased from $60 to $110.In Year 2 there was a further increase to $115 a barrel.Assume that oil price changes have an immediate impact on the general level of prices.What will be the effect of the changes in the oil price on a country’s Consumer Price Index and on its inflation rate in Year 2 compared with Year 1?effect on the Consumer Price Indexeffect on the rate of inflationA decrease decreaseB decrease increaseC increase decreaseD increase increase26 A government has low reserves of foreign currency. When would it be likely to consider a deficiton current account to be a serious problem?A when the country is experiencing a period of high, sustained growthB when the deficit alternates regularly with a surplusC when the deficit exceeds the sum of errors and omissions in the balance of paymentsaccountD when the level of international confidence in the country is low© UCLES 20109708/11/O/N/1027 The diagram shows the number of US dollars ($) and Euros (€) which exchanged for one poundsterling (£) between 2002 and 2004.1.81.71.61.51.41.3200220032004€ per £$ per £What happened to the exchange rate of the $ against the £ and € during this period?$ exchange rateagainst £$ exchange rateagainst €A appreciated appreciatedB appreciated depreciatedC depreciated appreciated Ddepreciated depreciated28 In a country the Marshall-Lerner condition for an improvement in the trade balance is satisfied inthe long run, but quantities of imports and exports are slow to respond to price changes. The government devalues its currency to reduce its trade deficit.Which curve indicates the probable behaviour of the trade balance?tradebalanceCopyright Acknowledgements:Question 27 © The Economist; 10 January 2004.Permissio n to repro duce items where third-party o wned material pro tected by co pyright is included has been so ught and cleared where po ssible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.© UCLES 20109708/11/O/N/1029 Assume the Chinese monetary authorities are committed to maintaining the exchange rate ofChina’s currency the Yuan against the US$ between P 1 and P 2 on the diagram.price of Yuan (in US $)quantity of YuanP PWhat might they do if demand changed from D 1 to D 2? A Impose controls on Chinese investment overseas. B Increase interest rates.C Sell US$ out of foreign exchange reserves.D Sell Yuan on the foreign exchange markets.30 In 2008 the Chinese government was under pressure from other countries to reduce its currentaccount surplus on its balance of payments.Which combination of Chinese measures would help to reduce China’s current account surplus?Chinese rate of tariffsChinese subsidies to the country’s exportersA decrease decreaseB decrease increaseC increase decreaseD increase increase。

北京邮电大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：经济学基础允许学生使用非科学计算器一、解释下列概念（每题5分，共50分）1、成本最小化法则2、停止营业点3、效用可能性边界4、自然垄断5、需求的交叉价格弹性6、转移支付7、劳动力市场中的“收入效应”8、奥肯定理9、公共品10、结构性失业二、回答下列问题（每题10分，共40分）1、假定收益递增规律永远成立，那么以下A、B、C、D四项叙述，各项分别是正确的还是错误的？为什么？A 如果平均产量超过了边际产量，则平均产量一定上升。

B 如果边际产量等于平均产量，则平均产量一定达到最大。

C 当边际产量达到最大时，总产量也达到最大。

D 当总产量开始下降时，开始出现收益递减。

2、在有折点的需求曲线的模型中，需求曲线在提价时和降价时的价格弹性是一样的吗？为什么？3、经济学中，“收入”与“财富”两个概念有什么区别？“收入分配不均”与“财富分配不均”有什么不同？4、假定现在发生一起巨大的石油价格猛烈上升的冲击，政府会做出怎样的反应？试分析一下政府所运用的政策工具以及所产生的后果。

三、计算下列各题（每题10分，共20分）1、一垄断者的平均成本与边际成本都是常数：AC=MC=5，厂商面对的市场需求曲线为：Q=53-P。

（1）计算垄断者利润最大化时的价格、产量及垄断者利润；（2）如果是在完全竞争，即P=MC情况下，这个产业的产出水平是多少？（3）计算在（2）时消费者获得的消费剩余，并计算垄断者的“无谓损失”值是多少？2、经济中物价水平为1.5，实际国内生产总值为2400亿元，货币供给量为600亿元。

试求：（1）货币流通速度是多少？（2）根据货币数量论，货币量增加到800亿元时会产生什么影响？四、论述题（每题20分，共40分）1、运用LMIS-模型分析我国在应对国际金融危机时财政政策与货币政策相互配合的经济效应及对国民经济的影响。

2、阐述2009年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者埃莉诺∙奥斯特罗姆（Elinor ostrom）的主要思想并加以评论。

消费经济学真题2010年04月(总分100,考试时间90分钟)一、单项选择题(在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的。

)1. 主张“节制不必要的消费，以保证积累和财富的增值”的经济学家是( )A．马歇尔 B．凯恩斯C．亚当·斯密 D．魁奈2. 在其他条件不变的情况下，一种商品的价格下降，引起另一种商品需求量上升。

则这两种商品是( )A．替代品 B．供给品C．互补品 D．普通品3. 某消费者消费的商品组合位于预算约束线的左下方，表示该消费者( )A．全部收入不足以支付全部消费支出 B．全部收入全部用于支付消费支出C．全部收入支付消费支出后尚有剩余 D．消费支出未能满足其自己的需要4. 凯恩斯把有效需求不足的根源归于三大心理规律，即( )A．“消费倾向递减”、“资本边际效率递减”和“流动偏好”B．“消费倾向递增”、“资本边际效率递减”和“流动偏好”C．“消费倾向递减”、“资本边际效率递增”和“流动偏好”D．“消费倾向递增”、“资本边际效率递增”和“流动偏好”5. 对于正常商品而言，如果需求收入弹性大于1，则表明( )A．需求量增加的百分比大于收入增加的百分比B．需求量增加的百分比小于收入增加的百分比C．需求量增加的百分比等于收入增加的百分比D．需求量增加的百分比大于商品价格增加的百分比6. 人们在消费与储蓄之间进行选择的依据是( )A．实际利率的变动 B．名义利率的变动C．均衡利率的变动 D．市场利率的变动7. 下列关于劳动供给曲线的表述，正确的是( )A．个人劳动供给曲线向右上方倾斜 B．个人劳动供给曲线是后弯的C．市场劳动供给曲线向左上方倾斜 D．市场劳动供给曲线是后弯的8. 当存、贷款利率相差很大时，人们通常( )A．减少消费 B．减少储蓄C．增加投资 D．增加储蓄9. 下列投资方式中，流动性最强的是( )A．住宅投资 B．教育投资C．艺术品投资 D．金融资产10. 某人对预期收益相同而风险不同的两种资产没有选择差异，则此人是( )A．风险偏好者 B．风险规避者C．风险中立者 D．风险保守者11. 按照市场价格能否反映所有资产价格的信息，可以把市场分为( )A．强有效市场与弱有效市场 B．信息市场与非信息市场C．获益市场与非获益市场 D．股票市场与债券市场12. 新家庭经济学认为家庭( )A．是纯粹的消费单位 B．是生产单位C．既是消费单位又是生产单位 D．既不是生产单位又不是消费单位13. 由销售商以分期付款的方式销售商品，银行向销售商购买分期付款合同，这种贷款是 ( )A．直接贷款 B．间接贷款C．销售商贷款 D．消费者借款14. 杜生贝提出的消费函数是( )A．绝对收入假定 B．相对收入假定C．持久收入假定 D．生命周期理论15. 边际消费倾向为80%，则投资乘数为( )A．1 B．2C．4 D．516. 经济增长的原动力是( )A．投资 B．储蓄C．消费 D．节俭17. 居民消费水平的增长速度明显低于国民收入和劳动生产率的增长速度的消费模式是 ( )A．同步型消费模式 B．异步型消费模式C．早熟型消费模式 D．滞后型消费模式18. 可以用于调节社会收入，防止收入差距过大的税种是( )A．增值税 B．营业税C．个人所得税 D．资源税19. 减税政策属于( )A．紧缩性货币政策 B．扩张性货币政策C．紧缩性财政政策 D．扩张性财政政策20. 降低商业银行的法定准备金率，其后果是( )A．扩大投资乘数 B．减少投资乘数C．扩大货币扩张乘数 D．减少货币扩张乘数21. 根据世界银行衡量各国消费水平的标准，食品支出占消费支出的比重为20%～40%时的消费水平是( )A．绝对贫困 B．温饱C．小康 D．富裕22. 我国当前的人均国民生产总值处于2000美元～3000美元之间，说明我国已经进入 ( )A．经济起飞前的准备阶段 B．工业化加速期C．后工业化阶段 D．经济进入成熟以后的平稳发展阶段23. 和个人消费相比，公共消费具有的优点是( )A．家庭是主导的消费方式 B．能获得规模经济效益C．能满足消费者需求的差异性 D．家庭成员的消费在家庭内完成24. 实现商品性消费的初级阶段是( )A．消费品的商品化 B．劳动力市场形成C．劳务商品化 D．国内统一大市场形成25. 消费者主权原则能够得到通行的市场条件是( )A．买方市场 B．卖方市场C．完全市场 D．垄断市场二、多项选择题(在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的。

2010年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试公共经济学试卷（课程代码 05722）一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．公共经济学的研究对象是【 D 】1-2A．国家财政收支活动及其效益B．国有企业的经营活动及其效率C．国家行政机关的管理活动及其效果D．政府及其附属机构的经济活动及其效应2．从研究方法的角度看，回答“国家对农村公共产品提供到何种程度才是合理的?”这一问题的经济学，属于【 B】1-4A．实证经济学 B．规范经济学C．理论经济学 D．应用经济学3．下列选项中不是自由竞争市场经济所强调的主要特点的是【 D 】2-11 A．自由放任B．面向消费者C．稀缺资源的配置效率与最佳使用D．计划与市场的结合4．与传统的习惯机制和命令机制相比，市场机制的优越性主要表现在【B 】2-10 A．促进经济发展和维持经济稳定B．促进经济发展和提高资源配置效率C．实现社会公平和提高经济效率D．实现社会公平和维持经济稳定5．“林达尔均衡”的核心问题是【 C 】3-41A．政府如何供给最适度的公共产品数量问题B．如何合理分配政府和私人提供公共产品的责任问题C．公共产品供求双方讨价还价过程中的偏好显示问题D．政府如何根据不同社会成员的偏好来提供不同类型的公共产品问题6．在生产物品的边际成本为零的情况下，实现社会资源最优配置所要求的物品价格应该【 A 】3-41 A．等于零 B．大于零C．小于零 D．无法确定7．公共部门通过政治家投票作出集体决策，在此之前政治家必须确认选民的意见究竟是什么，公共选择理论对其归结为【 D 】3-47A．公共决策问题 B．私人决策问题C．偏好加总问题 D．偏好显示问题8．如果一项决策须2／3以上的投票者赞成才能获得通过，则该投票规则为【B 】4-58 A．简单多数票规则 B．比例多数票规则C．最优多数票规则 D．相对多数票规则9．在尼斯卡南看来，官僚跟普通人一样，同样会致力于自己效用最大化。

2010同济大学817经济学一、选择（不定选）1、生产可能性曲线凹向原点的原因：规模报酬、2、给两条需求曲线，每条上有两点，分别比较其需求弹性大小3、 q=min(3X,Y) 问：X与Y的关系（替代，互补），最佳比例，替代比例等4、给定效用函数及约束曲线，求对其中某一产品消费在总收入中占得比例5、一人用自己的土地、厂房等开了个工厂，问其成本属于那类：显成本，以成本，会计成本，机会成本等等，具体选项记不得了6、 09年两位美国诺贝尔经济学奖得主的研究成果是：公地悲剧、市场结构、经济增长、还有两三个选项不记得了（马上上网查到：埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆花费了众多心血研究证明如何让集体组织成功地管理公共财产。

奥利弗·威廉姆森所创立的理论被许多企业视为解决争端的有效方案。

突然发现贴这个没什么意思哦，主要是考大家对新东西的关注吧）7、给出IS-LM曲线，问：交点代表两市场都平衡，还有图中点是在产品市场平衡还是货币市场平衡，划分的四个区域在产品市场的供求关系和货币市场的平衡情况（其实总共有十五个题，其他的一下想不起来了，以后记起来了再补充）二、名词解释1、纳什均衡2、科斯定理3、永久收入假说4、流动性陷阱5、奥肯定率三、计算题1、给定生产函数Q= sqrt(min(L,K)),劳动和资本价格分别为w,r，求C(Q,w,r)2、三个寡头垄断厂商成本函数为C1=q1^2+200q1,C2=q2^2+200q2,C3=q3^2+200q3,且已知市场需求函数P(q)(具体不记得了，是一次线性的)问①当价格是竞争机制时，每个厂商的产量、利润②最大利润时，各厂商价格，产量，利润③1和2合并成厂商4，求4与3的最大利润④合并后的影响（问题大概是这样的）3、给定一组数据，求①用收入法计算GDP②支出法计算GDP③计算政府预算赤字④计算储蓄⑤计算进出口额（总之就是国名收入的计算了）4、给定C,I,G,NX,L,M,①求国民收入和利率，消费，投资，政府支出②党政府支付减少60，求国民收入和利率，消费，投资，政府支出③问挤出是多少四、问答题1、对产品征税时，什么时候全由消费者承担，什么时候全由厂商承担？2、解释“道德选择”和“逆向风险”的含义并说明其区别3、解释短期边际成本曲线和长期边际成本曲线成U型的原因4、用宏观经济政策分析金融危机的对策，并说明与我国事情相符否您所查看的帖子来源于 k a o y a n . c om 考研论坛同济大学817经济学2010真题回忆2010年与往年有较大变动，最变态在第一题：一：不定项选择30分15题，每题5个选项，至少一个正确，也就是选一个到五个都可能。

考研试题（
（回忆版
回忆版）
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微观经济学）
经济学（
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含宏观、
、微观经济学
2010年中国农业大学813经济学
简答题
一、效用问题 效用函数U=XY 已知X和Y的价格和消费者收入，求最大效用
二、完全竞争市场的厂商和行业问题 求1、均衡时的价格和产量，和厂商数量。

2、在P=8时厂商是盈利还是亏损
三、宏观里国民经济问题，求1、IS函数方程2、价格水平和收入水平之间的关系
四、预算线问题 已知学生每月生活费和花在CD上的钱数，作图说明该生的预算线。

2、若该生入会交会费，(每张CD会便宜)，作图说明预算线。

3、该生入会后生活是否改善。

六、08年经济危机，农民工找不到工作，返乡人流大幅增加。

09年经济开始复苏，出现农民工短缺现象。

就此象给出解释，必要时可自己进行合理假设。

字数300到500。