2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类(A级)

职称英语备考真题2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类A级）2015年职称英语真题备考学派网职称英语团队原创翻译0第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Forbidden AppleNew York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn’t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the la st crumbs（碎屑）of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er... no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City.What’s going on? Why is the city that used to be so o pen-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They rece ntly spent $100, 000 on a “Don’t blame the cop” campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It’s all about money. ”The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israeli tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustn’t use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray（烟灰缸）.But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live. ”Nixon Patotkis, 38, a barman, said, “I like the new laws. If people smoked in here, we’d go home smelling of cigarettes.”Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100, 000 people than 193职称英语备考真题honest—who goes to New York for its clean streets?禁果纽约过去是个不夜城。

2011年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第l部分：词汇选项（1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.A.unclearB.obviousC.majorD.minor【答案】A【解析】句意：由于某种说不清的原因，这项简单的运动变得非常流行。

划线词obscure 意为“不清楚的，不明了的”。

A项unclear意为“不清楚的”，二者是同义词。

obvious 明显的。

major主要的；重要的。

minor较小的；次要的。

2.The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A.greatlyB.suddenlyC.generallyD.slightly【答案】A【解析】句意：海龟的自然栖息地大大地减少了。

划线副词considerably意为“相当大的”。

A项greatly意为“很，大大地”，二者意思相近。

suddenly突然地。

generally 通常；普遍地，一般地。

slightly轻微地。

3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A.instructingB.notifyingC.pushingD.inviting【答案】C【解析】句意：我从Moira那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系。

urge意为“催促”。

C 项push意为“努力争取；力劝”，二者意思相近。

instruct指导；通知。

notify通告，通知。

invite邀请。

4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A.raiseB.poseC.experienceD.handle【答案】D【解析】句意：完全有可能以不同的方式来解决这个问题。

答案：1—5 AACDC6—10 DAACD 11—15 DBACA16—20 ABCCB21—25 AAFEC26—30 AACDF31—35 BBBCB36—40 ADBDD41—45 BCCDC46—50 DBFAE51—55 CBCBA56—60 ABDAD61—65 ADCAB第一部分考题：词汇选项题1. A（unclear）-- obscure2. A(greatly) –considerably3. C (push) -- urge4. D (handle) – approach5. C (cause) –provoke6. D (stand) --- tolerate7. A (energetic) -- vigorous8. A (shake) – tremble9. C （praise）-- hail10. D (afraid) –scared11. D (understand) – grasp12. B (saying ) – remarking13. A (maintain) – assert14. C (continuous) – steady15. A (criticize) – find fault with第二部分考题：阅读判断The forbidden apple16. Some activities have recently become illegal in New York.答案为A。

文章相关句： These days it is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least in public).17. It’s now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in New York.答案为B。

文章相关句： These days it is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least in public).18. Eating apples in the park is illegal.答案为B。

2011年职称英语考试已于3⽉26⽇结束，以下是⽆忧考考友分享的李⽟枝版：2011年职称英语真题答案解析(综合类A级)，希望对⼤家有所帮助。

2011年职称英语真题答案解析(综合类A级)：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下⾯共有15个句⼦，每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句⼦后⾯所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案⼀律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor 答案：A unclear--- obscure 2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly 答案选择A(greatly) – considerably 3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting 答案：C (push)-- urge 4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle 答案：D handle—approach 5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。

A ignoredB organizedC causedD received 答案：C caused ----provoke: 6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand 答案：D stand= tolerate 7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy 答案：A energetic---vigorous 8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting 答案：A shake – tremble 9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught 答案：Cpraised ---hail: 10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid 答案： D afraid---- scared 11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand 答案： D understand--- grasp 12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing 答案：B saying--- remarking 13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged 答案：D (maintain) – assert 14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp 答案：D (continuous) – steady 15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines 答案：A criticizes--- finds fault with2011年职称英语真题答案解析(综合类A级)：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下⾯这篇短⽂，短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断。

2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A sayingB doubtingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年全国职称英语考试真题及答案综合类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear--- obscure2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A(greatly) – considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C (push)-- urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。

A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ----provoke:6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic---vigorous8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake – tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ---hail:10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案： D afraid---- scared11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案： D understand--- grasp12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying--- remarking13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D (maintain) – assert14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D (continuous) – steady15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes--- finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011年综合类阅读理解（A级）+新增第四部分阅读理解第四十一篇：The Operation of International Airlines(A级)International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair1would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2 Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the excutive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive‟s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive‟s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch—the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night‟s sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.Although it is the airlines‟ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler—the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.练习：1. According to the passage, in operating air lines it is essential toA.keep in mind the need of the executives only.B.satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C.try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D.cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hardtime EXCEPT thatA.the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B.there is no increase in the number of passengers.C.there are more seats on the planes than needed.D.the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA.making their seats more comfortable.B.providing better food during flights.C.showing more movies during the long flights.D.offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA.making sure the departures are not delayed.B.the efficient handling of luggage.C.speeding up customs procedure.D.the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers thatfrustrates the airlines?A.They do not book their seats in advance.B.They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C.They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D.They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.练习：1. According to the passage, in operating air lines it is essential toA. keep in mind the need of the executives only.B. satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C. try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D. cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hardtime EXCEPT thatA. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B. there is no increase in the number of passengers.C. there are more seats on the planes than needed.D. the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA. making their seats more comfortable.B. providing better food during flights.C. showing more movies during the long flights.D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA. making sure the departures are not delayed.B. the efficient handling of luggage.C. speeding up customs procedure.D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers thatfrustrates the airlines?A. They do not book their seats in advance.B. They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C. They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D. They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.第四十二篇：Sauna桑拿(A级)Ceremonial正式的bathing1has existed for thousands of years and has many forms,one of which is the sauna. The Finns芬兰人have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit3 would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna” , is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving4. Those with muscle aches orarthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time5. The body‟s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, this imitating6a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever”7. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 1bs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body‟s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9gets a work out10as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor‟s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA)is called the sauna by Finns.B)is equivalent to the steam bath.C)has various forms.D)is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas in using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recovery.C)relieving stress.D)curing asthma. [医]哮喘4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow发光,发热becauseA)pores毛孔are cleaned by sweat.B)water is lost by sweating.C)blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D)the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA)is called the sauna by Finns.B)is equivalent to the steam bath.C)has various forms.D)is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas in using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recovery.C)relieving stress.D)curing asthma. [医]哮喘4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow发光,发热becauseA)pores毛孔are cleaned by sweat.B)water is lost by sweating.C)blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D)the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.第四十三篇：Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? (A级)In the aftermath of1the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable; Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero2 as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning thetask of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in building that were damaged, but still are standing3.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage4,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies5to achieve enhanced performance of buildings6in the event of terrorist attacks,” he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail7 the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,” explained A. Whittaker, Ph.D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.”The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing8system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact9. “Highly redundant ductile framing sy stems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,” he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism o f collapse,” said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.”A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutio ns and to develop new ones where none exist at present.”练习：1. The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to .2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B)took about two days to complete.C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. WhittakerA)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B)was part of the World Trade Center.C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the world Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistantdesign.C)solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply toterrorist-resistant design.D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.练习：1. The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to .2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B)took about two days to complete.C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. WhittakerA)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B)was part of the World Trade Center.C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the world Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistantdesign.C)solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply toterrorist-resistant design.D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy1 (A级)The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to the handshake or high-five. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There's the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There's the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who don't receive hugs feel left Out? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head ha created a three-second limitation for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, it's not unusual for men who know eachother well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing noses together.So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just now joining in.词汇：touchy adj. 易怒的；敏感的harassment n. 骚扰triplet n. 三个一组；三件一套注释：1. touchy 的本意为“易怒的”、“敏感的”，这里用来指“喜欢肢体接触的”，标题意味美国人越来越喜欢肢体接触了。

2011年12月A级试题及详解答案2011年12月英语三级(A)真题及详解答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension1、A. It's 9:00. B. It's 9:30. C. It's 10:00.D. It's 10:30.2、A. The woman is waiting for a call. B. The telephone line is busy now.C. Somebody is using the telephone.D. The man cannot use the telephone.3、A. In an office. B. In a bank. C. At a bus station. D. At a restaurant.4、A. The movie will start at 6 o'clock.B. The movie will be put off till tomorrow.C. They are going to meet at the school gate.D. They want to know where the movie will be shown.5、A. It's not easy to find a taxi.B. The book store is very far away.C. The woman may walk to the book store.D. There are a lot of buses going to the book store.6、A. He's in his office. B. He's on holiday.C. He's in the meeting room.D. He's away on business.7、A. Call him back. B. Wait for his call.C. Send him an email.D. Visit him in person.8、A. The production plan. B. Next year's budget.C. The sales of the company.D. The opening of a new branch.9、 A. Training of new employees. B. Development of new products.C. Investigation of new markets.D. Improvement of the company's sales.10、 A. Alan. B. The man. C. The woman. D. A guest speaker.11、How does the tour guide describe Los Angeles?It is ______.12、When will the tourists meet in front of the information desk?Tomorrow morning at ______.13、What will the guide tell the tourists tomorrow morning?Details about the ______.14、What will the man from the hotel help the tourists do when they arrive at the hotel?To help them with ______.15、Why does the tour guide ask the tourists to double check their bags?To make sure no bags have been left ______。

2011年职称英语考试已于3⽉26⽇结束，以下是考友分享的2011职称英语(综合类A级)真题答案：阅读判断，希望对⼤家有所帮助。

2011年职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案下⾯有3篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5道题，每道题后⾯都有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短⽂并根据短⽂回答其后⾯的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第⼀篇 The Smell of Money For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (⾹⽓) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism. But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food. It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰⼦) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (⾃动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats. “The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.” 31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in A cafes B banks C travel agencies D supermarkets 32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people A to spend money B to feel confident about banks C to earn more money D to withdraw money from banks 33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in that A people’s attitudes toward money are different B it’s hard to identify and analyze it C no technology can do it D experts have no motive 34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A see B study C control D understand 35. Researchers think A artificial smells help to improve people’s memory B the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage C artificial smells are harmful D the production of artificial smells is profitably第⼆篇 Spoilt for Choice(A级) Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestylecoaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5. The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied. It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety. The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. 36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives B only professionals have the right to do that C they have sufficient money to pay D they have emotional problems 37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice? A Giving up B Walking away C Buying an unsuitable item D Seeking advice 38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays? A They are of poor quality. B They are quickly replaced with new ones. C They have too many versions. D They are not designed by computers. 39. How does migration today differ from that of the past? A People now migrate to find better jobs. B People now migrate for better life. C People now migrate for better environments. D People now have more choice about where to migrate. 40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice? A Better more choice than no choice B Better no choice than more choice C All choice is easy D More choice, more anxiety第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect verysmall amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often 41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A they’re popular B they’re cheap C they’re useful D they’re convenient 42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed C discovered D caused 43. The salesman retired young because A he disliked using mobile phones B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone C he couldn’t remember simple tasks D his employer’s doctor persuaded him to 44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about 45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to buy mobile phones B to update regular phones C to use mobile phones less often D to stop using mobile phones 答案解析： 第⼀篇阅读理解：the smell of money 31. Artificial sm e l l s h a v e b e e n u s e d i n _ _ _ .。

2011年全国职称英语考试模拟试题及答案综合类（A级）第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A. badB. politeC. similarD. usual2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A. loveB. surpriseC. doubtD. anger3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energenticB. physicalC. regularD. free4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A. failureB. confusionC. doubt5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A. evidenceB. dangerC. caseD. picture6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. longB. originalC. humorousD. boring7. He demolished my arguments in minutes.A. disprovedB. disputedC. acceptedD. supported8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A. combineB. sellC. closeD. break9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A. immediateB. greatD. moderate10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A. privateB. generalC. goodD. special11. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A. attractB. encourageC. requireD. spend12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A. criticalB. tembleC. necessaryD. normal13. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, it's driving me mad.A. measureB. generateC. tolerateD. reduce14. The project required ten years of diligent research.A. hardworkingC. basicD. social15. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A. unclearB. brightC. badD. general第二部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年全国职称英语综合类（A级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear——obscure2. The sea turtle‘s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A（greatly）–considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C （push）——urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ——provoke：6.Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic——vigorous8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake –tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ——hail：10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案：D afraid——scared11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案：D understand——grasp12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying——remarking13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D （maintain）–assert14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D （continuous）–steady15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes——finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011年6月英语三级答案分享A卷和B 卷有区别你们要看单词选答案。

听力：1.a 2.8：00 3.recover fromthe 4.30 5.attened themeeting 6.japan 7.bus 8.camera speechcontext 9.park the car case 10.trip with school 11.the day later 12.no plan 13. planning 14.suffer 15.schedual 16 . 17volunteer 18. 19. boarding 20. work out单选。

11题,above all. 12题,popular.13题,inquired. 1 4题,in brief. 1 5题, admitting. 1 6题,look into 17题, view. 1 8题,consists. 19题,duty. 20题, back.21题,book. 22题,superior. 23题,all that . 24题, be introduced. 25题,could be taken. 26题,will have discovered. 27题,not to make. 28题, leacing. 29题,didnot sell .30题 ten.阅读一开头是in kenya,答案;1,suffering2joseph3,baby,4,running,5giving阅读二开头是onlydays答案1,100or,2she wassupposed3inthe1980s4confirm5hadnotbeen阅读三开头是men who答案1making decision2he is born with3humaninstinctive 4theoppsite sex5they had differrent personalties阅读四（关键字或是开头的单词：I was lucky- Ifound~~~~。