AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES-VIII

TranslationLesson6Pushback and start upⅢ汉译英1.香港地面管制，国航102停机位6号门，通播E收到，请求推出开车。

2.国航102离开时间45分，开车时间自己掌握。

3.地面机务请证实3号发动机是否转动。

4.发动机全部启动完毕，请拿开轮挡及其他地面设备。

1.Hong Kong Ground,CCA102,Gate6,Information E,request pushback and startup.A102,departure time45,start up at own discretion.3.Ground crew,confirm No.3engine is rotating.4.All engines have been started,remove chocks and other ground equipment please.Lesson7TaxiⅥ汉译英1.地面管制国航981重型，7号门，通播F收到，请求滑行。

2.日航782滑到36号左跑道等待点给从左向右穿行的A320让道。

3.英航416可以穿越27号跑道，脱离报告。

4.汉莎076立即停止滑行，前方道口被一辆故障车阻塞。

5.地面管制我不熟悉本场情况，请引导我到等待点。

1.Ground,CCA981,heavy,gate7,information F,request taxi.2.JAL782,taxi to the holding position of RWY36,give way to A320passing left to right.3.BAW416,cross RWY27,report vacated.4.DLH076,hold immediately,the intersection ahead is blocked by a broken vehicle.5.Ground,I’m not familiar with the local airport.Please guide me to the holding position.Unit check(3)Ⅷ汉译英1.法航316你方向搞错了，起飞跑道21号，你由现在为止左转沿着黄线滑行到B滑行道。

空中交通无线电通话用语范例（VATPRC版）The example of radiotelephony communications for air traffic services（VATPRCver.）作者/Author: VATPRC Han Cui (1193569)参考素材：《空中交通无线电通话用语》（中国民用航空总局）ICAO doc 4444 《Air Traffic Management》ICAO doc 9432 《Manual of Radiotelephony》《VATPRC无线电通话范例》（作者：Keller Lee）Chapter 1 通话用语要求1.通话基本要求1.1 首次联系时应采用的通话结构为：对方呼号+己方呼号+通话内容。

1.2 首次通话以后的各次通话，空中交通管制员宜采用下列通话结构：对方呼号+通话内容；飞行员宜采用的通话结构为：对方呼号+通话内容+己方呼号。

1.3 先想后说，应在发话之前想好说话内容1.4 先听后说，应避免干扰他人通话。

1.5 发话速度应保持适中，在发送须记录的信息时降低速率。

1.6 通话时每个单词发音应清楚、明白并保持通话音量平稳，使用正常语调。

1.7 在通话中的数字前应稍作停顿，重读数字应以较慢的语速发出，以便于理解。

1.8 应避免使用“啊、哦”等犹豫不决的词2. 数字的标准读法数字 汉语读法 英语读法0 洞 ZE-RO1 幺 WUN2 两 TOO3 三 TREE4 四 FOW-er5 五 FIFE6 六 SIX7 拐 SEV-en8 八 AIT9 九 NIN-er·点 DAY-SEE-MAL100 百 HUN-dred3.字母的标准读法字母LETTER 单词 WORD 发音 PRONUNCIATIONA Alpha AL FAHB Bravo BRAH VOHC Charlie CHAR LEED Delta DELL TAHE Echo ECK OHF Foxtrot FOKS TROTG Golf GOLFH Hotel HOH TELLI India IN DEE AHJ Juliett JEW LEE ETTK Kilo KEY LOHL Lima LEE MAHM Mike MIKEN November NO VEM BER O Oscar OSS CAHP Papa PAH PAHQ Quebec KEH BECKR Romeo ROW ME OH S Sierra SEE AIR RAH T Tango TANG GOU Uniform YOU NEE FORM V Victor VIK TAHW Whiskey WISS KEYX X-ray ECKS RAYY Yankee YANG KEY Z Zulu ZOO LOOChapter 2 基本陆空通话范例(以CCA9135，广州白云-北京首都为例）1.申请放行 Request Airways Clearance (DEL)机：白云放行，晚上好，国航9135，停机位廊桥207号，机型波音737，通波BRAVO已抄收，请求放行至北京P：Baiyun Delivery, good evening, CCA9135, stand 207, type Boeing 737, receiving information BRAVO, request IFR clearance to Beijing注：联系放行时，首先告诉管制所在位置（机位）、是否抄收机场情报通波、以及目的地C：CCA9135, Baiyun Delivery, cleared to Beijing via flight planned route, runway 02L, initialclimb 1200m on QNH1009, YIN06 departure, departure frequency 126.55, squawk 2432 管：国航9135，白云放行，许可而放行至北京，按计划航路飞行，使用跑道02左，起始高度1200米，修正海压1009，英德06号离场，离场频率126.55，应答机2432注：放行许可必须包含许可放行至某个目的地和使用计划航路、使用跑道、起始高度、离场程序、离场频率以及应答机编码机：可以放行至北京，按计划航路飞行，使用跑道02L，起始高度1200米，修正海压1009，英德06号离场，离场频率126.55，应答机2432，国航9135P: Cleared to Beijing via flight planned route, runway 02L, initial climb 1200m on QNH 1009, YIN06 departure, departure frequency 126.55, squawk 2432, CCA9135管：国航9135，复述正确，地面准备好叫C: CCA9135, readback correct, call when ready (for ground)机：白云放行，国航9135，地面准备好了P: Baiyun Delivery, CCA9135, ready for GND管：国航9135，联系地面121.85，再见C: CCA9135, contact Ground on 121.85, good day机：联系地面121.85，再见，国航9135P: Contacting Ground on 121.85, good day, CCA9135Alternative Situation I: 起落航线放行补充I：Circuit flight clearance管：CCA9315，许可右（左）方向五边练习，跑道01，飞行高度不超过450米，保持在塔台频率C:CCA9315, cleared right (or left) pattern circuit flight, runway 01, fly not above 450 meters, maintain this (tower) frequency.注：根据“86号令”的相关规定，除非机场另有规定，一般起落航线向左转弯飞行。

空管系统发展历程简述空管系统（Air Traffic Control System，简称ATC）的发展历程可以追溯到航空业的诞生。

本文将按照时间顺序简要概述ATC系统的发展历程。

20世纪初，当航空交通逐渐成为一种重要的交通方式时，国家开始意识到需要一个系统来管理和监控空中交通。

1913年，美国成立了世界上第一个空中交通控制组织——空中交通管制委员会（ATCC）。

该组织采用人工方式通过无线电通信来协调飞机的航行。

到了1920年代，随着飞机数量的快速增长，人工监控方式已经无法满足快速发展的航空业的需求。

因此，出现了一种叫做雷达的新技术。

雷达能够用无线电波监测目标物体的位置和速度，为空管系统提供了重要的信息。

1930年代，英国率先开始使用雷达用于空中交通管制。

随着空中交通的不断发展，国际民航组织（ICAO）成立于1944年，其目标是协调各国的航空安全和空管系统的发展。

ICAO在空管系统的标准化方面发挥了巨大作用，各国按照ICAO的标准逐步建立了自己的空管系统。

到了20世纪50年代，电子计算机技术的发展使得空管系统的管理和监控能力得到了极大的提升。

计算机能够处理更多的数据，提供更准确和及时的空中交通信息，从而帮助控制员更好地完成工作。

1960年代，英国引入了世界上第一个计算机辅助空中交通控制系统（CADCS）。

这个系统能够自动提供飞机的位置和高度，辅助控制员进行空管工作。

20世纪70年代，卫星导航技术的应用使得空管系统的监控能力又有了质的飞跃。

卫星导航系统能够提供更准确和可靠的飞机位置信息，使得空管系统的管理更加高效和安全。

到了21世纪，信息技术的快速发展对空管系统的改进提供了更多的机会。

无线通信技术的广泛应用使得控制员可以远程和飞机通信，无需通过语音或无线电。

而且，现代化的空管系统能够实时监测天气状况，提前警示飞机和控制员风险。

总的来说，空管系统的发展经历了从人工到机械化再到电子化的过程。

从无线电通信到雷达监控再到卫星导航，各种技术的应用和进步都极大地提升了空管系统的管理和监控能力。

“航空管制”英语怎么说名词解释：航空管制亦称飞行管制，是有关部门根据国家颁布的飞行规则，对空中飞行的航空器实施的监督控制和强制性管理的统称。

主要目的是维持飞行秩序，防止航空器互撞和航空器与地面障碍物相撞。

你知道怎么用英语表达吗?Chinese military and civil air traffic control authorities worked to ease the concerns of thousands of passengers after days of flight delays and cancellations. Many travelers choose alternative means of transportation, including high-speed trains.The authorities said they have optimized plans for airspace controls to boost the capacity of East China's airports during military drills, according to an announcement posted on the official website of the Civil Aviation Administration of China.It is said that extreme weather is the most frequent reason for flight delays in July and August. The impact of military drills on civil flights was minimal.在几天的航班延误和取消之后，中国军用和民用航空交通管理局努力减缓成千上万名旅客的担忧。

法荷航推出空中的Wi-Fi，与地面交流再无障碍飞行中的客机为了不被手机等信号干扰正常航行，从而迫使乘客关闭手机或者开启为飞行模式，切断了和外界的一切联系方式。

而如今，不能和飞机上以外人交流沟通终于成为了历史，5月29日起，法国航空公司与荷兰皇家航空公司将在其首批装备飞行连接技术的航班中推出机上Wi-Fi。

标志着，这种新服务将使乘客得以与世界保持联络，在飞行中可以发送短信、电子邮件以及浏览互联网。

法航机上提供Wi-Fi成为了向“转型2015计划”中前进步伐的一个里程碑式的服务。

值得一提的是，当乘客要查询法航官网上的最新服务信息时，是可以不用承担任何费用的，最新服务信息包括直播电视新闻、体育频道以及相关航空公司和目的地的等。

法航飞机上也能使用Wi-Fi法荷航飞机上的Wi-Fi法航与荷航将和松下航空电子公司合作，至今年年底，准备在两架波音777-300飞机上安装Wi-Fi进行试验。

无线网覆盖整个飞机，保证无论身处哪个舱位等级，乘客只需交付固定费率，便可通过其带有Wi-Fi功能的智能电话、手提电话或平板设备上网，通过其手机发送短信或电子邮件。

在试验阶段，装有Wi-Fi的两架飞机将飞往若干长途目的地，来对无线网信号接收情况进行全航线系统的了解。

法荷航Wi-Fi费率在开始的实验阶段，使用法航Wi-Fi每小时需要支付10.95欧元或者支付19.95欧元即可全航程使用无限制，此费率与行业平均收费一致。

乘客可以选择使用信用卡付款上网，或手机付费方式上网（将按照用户各自的漫游协议向其收费）。

使用法航机上网站时，乘客不用承担任何费用即可直接查询浏览。

当飞机起飞后达到20,000英尺高空的时候就可以连接到无线网服务，在蓝天白云中穿梭，享受空中网上冲浪的特殊体验。

在测试阶段法航会根据乘客提出的宝贵建议与意见，来对Wi-Fi服务进行完善。

法荷航测试客机的航行路线俩架测试Wi-Fi的飞机分别为法航AF012以及荷航KL757俩次航班。

空中交通服务的内容空中交通服务是指对在天空中飞行的航空器进行管理和控制的一系列服务，以确保它们在安全、高效和有序的条件下运行。

以下是空中交通服务的主要内容：1. 空中交通管制服务（Air Traffic Control Service，ATC）：主要负责对航空器的飞行活动进行监控和指挥，以确保它们在空中保持安全的间隔，并按照预定的航线和程序进行飞行。

空中交通管制员通过与飞行员进行无线电通信，提供关于天气、航线、高度和速度等信息，并根据情况对航空器进行引导和调整。

2. 飞行情报服务（Flight Information Service，FIS）：为飞行员提供关于飞行计划、天气状况、航空情报、空中交通状况等信息，以帮助他们做出决策和规划飞行路径。

飞行情报服务还包括提供飞行中必要的支持和协助，例如飞行计划的变更、紧急情况的处理等。

3. 告警服务（Alerting Service）：负责向相关方提供关于航空器可能发生的危险情况的告警和通知，以确保及时采取适当的措施。

告警服务可以包括关于飞行中的紧急情况、航空器失踪或偏离航线等的通知。

4. 航空通信服务（Aeronautical Communication Service）：提供飞行员与地面控制单位之间的无线电通信联系，包括语音通信和数据通信。

航空通信服务确保了飞行员与空中交通管制员之间的有效沟通，以支持安全和高效的飞行操作。

5. 导航服务（Navigation Service）：提供给飞行员关于飞行路径、导航设施和导航程序的信息，以帮助他们准确地确定位置和方向。

导航服务包括使用地面导航设备、卫星导航系统等，以确保航空器在正确的航线上飞行。

6. 气象服务（Meteorological Service）：为飞行员提供关于当前和预测的天气状况的信息，包括风向、风速、气温、气压等。

气象服务对于飞行安全和计划非常重要，帮助飞行员做出适当的决策，避免恶劣天气对飞行的影响。

General review1 The concept of international trade in service1.1Historical Development of Service ConceptT.P. Hill(1997)“A Service may be defined as a change in the condition of a person, or of a good belonging to some other economic unit, which is brought about as the result of the activity of some other economic unit, with the prior agreement of the former person or economic unit.”Service is added value to individual, whose value is reflected in the form of activity.1.2 The characters of services▪Services is heterogeneous.▪The production of service is simultaneous with its consumption.▪Service is difficult to store.▪Services are intangible.Goods and ServiceDefinition of service trade on General Agreement on Trade in ServiceGATS modes of service supply▪Mode 1 –Cross-border▪Mode 2 –Consumption abroad▪Mode 3 –Commercial presence▪Mode 4 –Presence of natural persons2.1 Different concepts▪Service industry▪tertiary industryPrimary industrySecondary industryTertiary industry▪Petty-Clark’s lawPetty proposed that the shift of the working population from agriculture to manufactures and from manufactures to services in the course of economic growth.▪Fuchs(1980)’s opinionFuchs suggested that the relative expansion of service employment could be due either to high income elasticity of demand for final product services or to slower growth in productivity in the service industries.Baumol's cost diseaseThe original study was conducted for the performing arts sector. Baumol and Bowen pointed out that the same number of musicians are needed to play a Beethoven string quartet today as were needed in the 19th century; that is, the productivity of Classical music performance has not increased. On the other hand, real wages of musicians (as well as in all other professions) have increased greatly since the 19th century.Baumol's cost disease is often used to describe the lack of growth in productivity in public services such as public hospitals and state colleges. Since many public administration activities are heavily labor-intensive there is little growth in productivity over time because productivity gains come essentially from a better capital technology. As a result growth in the GDP will generate little more resources to be spent in the public sector. Thus public sector production is more dependent on taxation level than growth in the GDP.The status and function of service industry in national economy▪The share of service industry is decided by the following factors:(1)the demand level and form of producer service;(2) the demand level and form of consumer service;(3) the extent of service entering into exchange economy;Mode 3 -FATSWhat are FATS statistics?▪Information relevant to services delivered through FDI by foreign affiliates▪ A range of indicators pertaining to the activities of foreign affiliatesWith a particular focus on servicesFirms covered in FATS▪Ownership criteriaMajority-owned foreign affiliates( a single foreign investor own more than 50% of their ordinary shares or voting power)Includes subsidiaries and branchesExcludes associates▪Types of producersAffiliates producing goods,servicesT he FDI Universe▪FDI: the direct investor makes an international investment to obtain a lasting interest in an enterprise abroad.Geographical allocation▪Foreign-owned affiliates in the compiling countryGeographical allocationFinal Act of the Uruguay Round→ Agreement establishing the WTOMarrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTOAnnex 11A: Agreements on Trade in Goods (GATT 1994 (GATT1947 + Uruguay Round Agreements and Decisions + …)1B: GATS (Trade in Services)1C: TRIPS (Intellectual Property Rights)Annex 2: Dispute Settlement UnderstandingAnnex 3: Trade Policy Review MechanismAnnex 4: Plurilateral AgreementsOther Ministerial Decisions and Declarations“single-undertaking▪Every item of the negotiations/agreements is part of a whole and invisible package and cannot be agreed separately.▪Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed.The difference of GATT and WTO▪NatureGA TT: a set of rulesWTO: permanent institution▪ScopeGA TT: trade in goodsWTO: trade in goods; trade in services; trade related with intellectual property rights.▪ApproachGA TT: Selective basisWTO: Single-undertaking▪Dispute settlementa permanent appellate body ;rules; panelsWhat is GATS?▪Implemented January 1995▪More than 150 countries (all WTO members)▪All sectors (160) in any service- Services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority (fire, police, …)- air Traffic▪Positive list approach (bottom-up approach)▪All modes of supplyUniversal CoverageWhich services are not covered?▪ public services or services provided in the exercise of governmental authority do not fallunder the scope of GATS.▪ The following areas are not covered by GATS either:▪ immigration regulations (for temporary movement of service suppliers);▪ budget policy, fiscal measures and exchange rate policy;▪ air rights and traffic rights.GATS▪ Four main parts:definition/scopegeneral rules applying to all measures affecting trade in servicesspecific commitments - apply only to sectors scheduledAnnexes - MFN, Movement of natural Persons, Air Transport, Financial,Telecommunications, MaritimeWhat does GATS cover?▪ Very broad - all measures affecting trade in servicesmeasures: law, regulation, rule, procedure, decision, administrative action, or anyother formMeasures affecting trade in services taken by governments and public authorities,at all federal levels, as well as by non-governmental bodies in the exercise ofdelegated powers.GATS - MAIN PRINCIPLES♋ Unconditional obligations✉ II : MFN✉ III : Transparency✉ IV: Increasing Participation of Developing country✉ V: Economic integration✉ VI: Domestic regulations✉ VII: Recognition✉ VIII: Monopolies and Exclusive Service Suppliers✉ IX: Business practices✉ X: Emergency safeguard Measures✉ XI: Payments and Transfers✉ XII: Restrictions to safeguard the balance of paymentsAll Services (except those provided in the exercise of governmental authorityBusiness and professional Finance and insurance Communicati ons Health and social Construction Tourism Distribution Recreation,culture,sports Education Transport Environment Other✉XII:Government procurement✉XIV: General Exceptions✉XV:SubsidiesUnfinished Business▪Government procurement - Article XIIIawaiting negotiations on disciplineslittle interest of progress to date▪Subsidies - Article XVno disciplines as yet, develop necessary disciplinesprogress slow - difficult.▪Emergency safeguards - Article X▪Allow members to suspend commitments in event unforeseen consequences of market opening causes injury to domestic industry▪Deadline extended several timesSCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTSModes of supply:(1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption supply (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of▪“top-down”、“none”、“unbound”▪CPCThe difference between trade in goods and trade in service▪cross-border trade is not the most important for trade in service.▪Services tend to be highly regulated.▪Barriers to trade in service often serve the dual purpose.The causes of trade in services▪Comparative advantagesDifferences in factor abundance、technology 、institution and policies.The price differences create incentives to trade.▪Sources of increasing returnsFixed costs combined with market niches.Firm-specific intangible assets▪Agglomeration effects▪NetworksModes of supply of trade in service▪For many types of services, the costs of provision vary substantially across the different modes of supply.▪For some services, supply is essentially not feasible via some modes.▪Rules that allows some modes but not others will favor some countries over others.Modes of supply as Substitutes▪For some types of services, different modes of supply are substitutes.▪If the different modes of supply are substitutes, in some cases virtually all of the gains from trade can be realized by opening up just one mode of trade.▪But, in some cases, different modes of supply are un-perfect substitute. Different modes have different effects on income distribution.Modes of supply as Complements▪In cases where there are strong complementarities across different modes of supply, fully effective liberalization of service trade requires that all modes be opened up.▪Services may also be complementary with goods trade.▪In some cases, the potential gains from goods trade cannot be fully realized without liberalization of service trade.Measures affecting services trade▪Entry restrictions▪Quantitative restrictions onOutput or market share by foreign providersThe number of individual service providers▪The type of legal entity permitted to provide services▪Limitations on foreign equity ownership▪Regulatory measuresTrade Barriers in Services▪Tariffs are relatively uncommon.▪Quotas are pervasive---Limits on the number of foreign firms;---Limits on percent foreign ownership in banking, insurance, etc.---Foreign providers completely shut out in some sectors( transport within a country)---Foreign exchange restrictions which can limit consumption abroad (tourism, education)---Limits on movement of foreign personnel---Local content requirements in broadcastingTrade Agreements vs. Unilateral LiberalizationTrade agreements is better than unilateral liberalization▪There are benefits from reciprocity. By trade agreement, each nation can ensure what they will gains from it.▪Trade agreements will help to avoid the trade wars.▪Trade agreements have important commitment advantages in both a local and international context.▪ A commitment to a trade agreement allows the development of a rules-based system that helps facilitate trade.。

总则2.2 航空情报出版物中所使用的简缩字* 为非ICAO 简缩字AAA/A AmberAir-to-air琥珀色空对空AAA (Or AAB，AAC…etc, in sequence)（或AAB, AAC……等，按顺序）Amended meteorological message (Message type 修订气象电报（电报种类代号）designator)AAD Assigned altitude deviation 指定高度偏差AAIM Aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring 航空器自主完好性监控AAL Above aerodrome level 高出机场场面ABI Advance boundary information 前方边界信息ABM Abeam 正切ABN Aerodrome beacon 机场灯标ABT About 大约、关于ABV Above 在上、以上AC Altocumulus 高积云A/C* Aircraft 航空器ACARS (to be pronounced ‘AY-CARS’) Aircraft航空器寻址通信和报告系统（发音为communication addressing and reporting system “AY-CARS”）ACAS Airborne collision avoidance system 机载防撞系统ACC Area control center or area control 区域管制中心或区域管制ACCID Notification of an aircraft accident 航空器失事通知ACFT Aircraft 航空器ACK Acknowledge 承认、证实ACL Altimeter check location 高度表校准位置ACN Aircraft Classification Number 航空器等级序号ACP Acceptance (message type designator) 接受电报（电报种类代号）ACPT Accept or accepted 接受或已接受ACT Active or activated or activity 活动AD Aerodrome 机场ADA Advisory area 咨询区ADC Aerodrome chart 机场图ADDN Addition or additional 增加、附加ADF Automatic direction-finding equipment 自动定向仪ADIZ (to be pronounced ‘AY-DIZ’) Air defence防空识别区（发音为“AY-DIZ”）identification zoneADJ Adjacent 邻近ADO Aerodrome office (specify service) 机场部门（注明服务）ADR Advisory route 咨询航线ADS Automatic dependent surveillance 自动相关监视ADS The address 地址ADSU Automatic dependent surveillance unit 自动相关监视单元ADVS Advisory service 咨询服务ADZ Advise 通知AES Aircraft earth station 航空器地球站AFIL Flight plan filed in the air 空中申报飞行计划AFIS Aerodrome flight information service 机场飞行情报服务AFM Yes or affirm or affirmative or that is correct 是、肯定、正确AFS Aeronautical fixed service 航空固定服务AFT After… (time or place)…（时间或地点）以后AFTN Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network 航空固定电信网 A/G Air-to-ground空对地AGA Aerodromes, air routes and ground aids 机场、航路和地面设备 AGC* Aerodrome ground movement chart 机场地面运行图 AGL Above ground level 高出地面 AGN Again再次、重新 AIC Aeronautical information circular航空资料通报AIDC Air traffic services inter-facility data communication 空中交通服务内设数据通信 AIP Aeronautical information publication航空资料汇编AIRAC Aeronautical information regulation and control 定期制航空资料AIREP Air-report空中报告AIRMET Information concerning en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations可能影响航空器低空飞行安全的航路天气现象的情报AIS Aeronautical information services 航空情报服务 ALA Alighting area 着陆（水）区 ALERFA Alert phase警戒阶段 ALR Alerting message 警戒电报 ALRS Alerting service告警服务 ALS Approach lighting system 进近灯光系统 ALSTG* Altimeter setting 高度表拨正 ALT Altitude高度ALTN Alternate or alternating (light alternates in colour) 交替（灯光颜色交替变换） ALTN Alternate (aerodrome) 备降机场 AMA Area minimum altitude区域最低高度AMD Amend or amended (used to indicate amendedmeteorological message; message type designator) 修订或修订电报（用以表示修改的气象电报, 电报种类代号) AMDT Amendment (AIP Amendment) 修订（航空资料汇编修订） AMS Aeronautical mobile service 航空移动业务 AMSL Above mean sea level高出平均海平面 AMSS Aeronautical mobile satellite service 航空移动卫星服务 ANC Aeronautical chart —1:500 000 (followed by name/title) ANCS A eronautical navigation chart —small scale (followed by name/title and scale) 航空图－1:500 000 （后随名称／标题） 领航图－小比例尺（后随名称／标题和比例尺）ANS Answer 回答AOC A erodrome obstacle chart(followed by type and name/title) 机场障碍物图(后随种类和名称／标题） AOR* Area of responsibility 责任区 AORC* Air corridor chart 空中走廊图 AP Airport 航空站APAPI (to be pronounced ‘AY -PAPI’) Abbreviated precision approach path indicator 简式精密进近航道指示器（发音为 “AY -PAPI”） APCH Approach进近APDC Aircraft parking/docking chart (followed by name/title) 航空器停放/停靠图（后随名称／标题） APN Apron 停机坪APP A pproach control office or approach control or approach control service 进近管制室、进近管制或进近管制服务APR April四月APRX Approximate or approximately 近似或大约 APSG After passing过……后APV Approve or approved or approval 批准、同意或认可 ARCArea chart区域图ARNG Arrange安排、处理、计划 ARO Air traffic services reporting office 空中交通服务报告室 ARP Aerodrome reference point机场基准点ARP Air-report (message type designator) 空中报告（电报种类代号） ARQ Automatic error correction 自动纠错 ARR Arrive or arrival到达ARR Arrival (message type designator)到达电报（电报种类代号） ARS Special air-report (message type designator) 特别空中报告（电报种类代号） ARSTA rresting (specify (part of) aircraft arresting equipment)拦阻（注明航空器拦阻设备） AS Altostratus 高层云 ASC Ascent to or ascending to 上升至ASDA Accelerate-stop distance available 可用加速停止距离 ASE Altimetry system error 测高系统误差 ASPH Asphalt 沥青AT… A t (followed by time at which weather change isforecast to occur)在…（后随预报天气出现变化的时间） ASPEEDG Airspeed gain 空速加大 ASPEEDL Airspeed loss 空速减小 ATA Actual time of arrival 实际到达时间ATC Air traffic control (in general) 空中交通管制（通称） ATD Actual time of departure 实际离场时间 ATFM Air traffic flow management 空中交通流量管理ATIS Automatic terminal information service 自动航站情报服务ATM Air traffic management 空中交通管理 ATMB* Air Traffic Management Bureau 空中交通管理局 ATN Aeronautical telecommunication network 航空电信网ATP At… (time or place) 在……（时间或地点） ATS Air traffic services 空中交通服务 ATTN Attention 注意、承办AT-VASIS (to be pronounced “AY -TEE-VASIS”)Abbreviated T visual approach slope indicator system简化 T 式目视进近坡度指示系统（发音为“AY -TEE-VASIS”) ATZ Aerodrome traffic zone 机场交通地带 AUG August 八月AUTH Authorized or authorization 授权、批准 AUW All up weight 起飞全重 AUX Auxiliary 辅助AVBL Available or availability 可供使用、 备有、 可用性 AVG Average 平均 AVGAS Aviation gasoline 航空汽油 AWTA Advise at what time able 告知可能时间 AVTUR* Aviation turbine fuel 航空涡轮燃油 AWY Airway 航路 AZM Azimuth方位、方位角 BB Blue蓝色 BA Braking action 制动作用 BASE Cloud base 云底 BCFG Fog patches雾块BCN Beacon (aeronautical ground light) 航空地面灯标 BCST Broadcast 广播 BDRY Boundary 边界 BEC* Because 因为BECMGBecoming变成、成为、转为BFR Before 在……之前 BKN Broken 多云BL… B lowing (followed by DU=dust, SA=sand or SN=snow) 吹、刮（后随 DU （尘），SA （沙）或 SN （雪）） BLDG BLO Building Below clouds 建筑物 云下 BLW Below… ……以下 BOMB Bombing 轰炸 BR Mist轻雾BRFShort (used to indicate the type of approach desired or 小起落航线（用于说明希望或需要的required) 进近方式） BRG Bearing 方位 BRKG Braking刹车BS Commercial broadcasting station 商业广播电台 BTL Between layers 云层中 BTNBetween在……之间CC Center (runway identification) 中心（跑道号码标志） C Degrees Celsius (centigrade) 摄氏度数CAAC* General Administration of Civil Aviation of China 中国民用航空总局 CAT Clear air turbulence 晴空颠簸 CAT Category 分类CAVOK (to be pronounced ‘KAV -OH-KAY’) Visibility, cloudand present weather better than prescribed values or conditions能见度、云和现在天气高于规定数值或条件（发音为“KA V-OH-KAY ”） CB (to be pronounce d ‘CEE B EE’) Cu mulonim bus 积雨云（发音为“CEE BEE ”） CC Cirrocumulus 卷积云CCA (or CCB,CCC…etc, in sequence)Corrected meteorological message (message type designator)（或 CCB,CCC……等，按顺序） 更正气象电报（电报种类代号） CD Candela 国际烛光（发光强度单位） CDN Coordination (message type designator) 协调电报（电报种类代号） CF Change frequency to… 频率改为…… CFM Confirm 证实CGL Circling guidance light(s) 盘旋引导灯 CH Channel 波道CH Channel-continuity-check of transmission 频道通断检查发送CHG Modification (message type designator) 订正电报（电报种类代号） CI Cirrus 卷云CIDIN Common ICAO data interchange network 通用的国际民用航空组织数据交换网 CIG* Ceiling. 云幕CIT Near or over large towns. 城镇附近或上空 CIV Civil 民用CK Check 检查、校核 CL Center line 中心线 CLA Clear type of ice formation 明冰 CLBR Calibration 校正 CLD Cloud 云 CLG Calling呼叫CLIMBOUT Climb-out area 爬升脱离区CLR Clear(s) or cleared to…or clearance 放行、准许……、放行许可CLRD Runway(s) cleared (used in METAR/SPECI) 跑道已清扫 （用于 METAR/SPECI ） CLSD Close or closed or closing 关闭 CM Centimeter厘米CMB Climb to or climbing to爬升、爬升至 CMPL Completion or completed or complete 完成、完全 CNL Cancel or cancelled取消CNL Flight plan cancellation (message type designator) 飞行计划取消电报（电报种类代号） CNS Communications, navigation and surveillance 通信、导航和监视 COM Communications 通信 CONC Concrete 混凝土 COND Condition 条件、情况 CONS Continuous连续的、持续的 CONST Construction or constructed 建筑CONT Continue(s) or continued 继续、连续的 COOP* Cooperation合作、 协作 COOR Coordinate or coordination 协调 COORD Coordinates坐标 COP Change-over point转换点COR Correct or correction or corrected (used to indicate corrected meteorological message, message type designator) 更正或更正报（用以表示更正的气象电报; 电报种类代号）CORR* Corridor 走廊 COT At the coast在海岸 COV Cover or covered or covering覆盖、包括CPDLC Controller-pilot data-link communications 管制员－驾驶员数据链通信CPL Current flight plan (message type designator) 现行飞行计划电报（电报种类代号） CRC Cyclic redundancy check 循环冗余校验 CRS* Course 航线、航道、路线 CRZ Cruise 巡航 CS Call sign 呼号 CS Cirrostratus 卷层云 CTA Control area管制区CTAM Climb to and maintain 爬升至并保持 CTC Contact 联络CTL Control 管制、控制 CTN Caution注意、警告 CTR Control zone 管制地带 CU Cumulus 淡积云 CUF Cumuliform 积状云 CUST Customs海关CVR Cockpit voice recorder 驾驶舱话音记录器 CW Continuous wave 等幅波 CWY Clearway净空道DD Downward (tendency in RVR during previous 10 minutes)下降（10 分钟内跑道视程趋势） D… Danger area (followed by identification) 危险区（后随识别代号） DA Decision altitude 决断高度D-ATIS (to be pronounced ‘DEE -ATIS’) Data link automatic terminal information service 数据链自动航站情报服务（发音为 “DEE -ATIS”） DCD Double channel duplex 双波道双工制 DCKG Docking停靠DCP Datum crossing point坐 标 原 点 飞 越 位 置 DCPC Direct controller-pilot communications 管制员－驾驶员直接通信DCS Double channel simplex双波道单工制DCTDirect (in relation to flight plan clearances and type of approach)直飞、直接进近（有关飞行计划许可和进近方式）DEC December 十二月DEG Degrees 度DEP Depart or departure 起飞、离场DEP Departure (message type designator) 起飞电报（电报种类代号）DES Descend to or descending to 下降至DEST Destination 目的地DETRESFA Distress phase 遇险阶段DEV Deviation or deviating 偏航、偏离、偏差DFDR Digital flight data recorder 数字飞行数据记录器DFTI Distance from touchdown indicator 离接地标志的距离DH Decision height 决断高DIF Diffuse 扩散DIST Distance 距离DIV Divert or diverting 转换、转向、改航、备降DLA Delay (message type designator) 延误电报（电报种类代号）DLA Delay or delayed 延误DLIC Data link initiation capability 数据链初始性能DLY Daily 每天、每日DME Distance measuring equipment 测距仪DNG Danger or dangerous 危险DOM Domestic 国内的, 本国的DP Dew point temperature 露点温度DPT Depth 深度DR Dead reckoning 推测领航DR…Low drifting (followed by DU=dust, SA=sand orSN=snow) 低吹（后随DU（尘），SA（沙）或SN （雪））DRG During 在……期间DS Duststorm 尘暴DSB Double sideband 双边带DTAM Descend to and maintain 下降至并保持DTG Date-time group 日时组DTHR Displaced runway threshold 内移的跑道入口DTRT Deteriorate or deteriorating 变坏DTW Dual tandem wheels 四轮车式DU Dust 尘DUC Dense upper cloud 高空浓云DUPE This is duplicate message 重发电报DUR Duration 持续时间、期间D-VOLMET Data link VOLMET 数据链VOLMETDVOR Doppler VOR 多普勒甚高频全向信标DW Dual wheels 双轮DZ Drizzle 毛毛雨EE East or eastern longitude 东、东经EAT Expected approach time 预计进近时间EB Eastbound 向东飞ECL* Exercise caution while landing 着陆时注意ECT* Exercise caution while taking off 起飞时注意EDA Elevation differential area 高程异常地区EEE Error (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal) 错号（航空固定服务中使用的程序信号）EET Estimated elapsed time 预计经过时间EFC Expect further clearance 等待进一步许可EFF* Effective 有效的EGNOS E uropean geostationary navigation overlay service (to be pronounced “EGG -NOS”)欧洲地球同步导航覆盖服务（发音为“EGG -NOS”） EHF Extremely high frequency (30 000 to 300 000 MHZ) 极高频（30 000-300 000 兆赫） ELBA Emergency location beacon —aircraft 航空器紧急定位信标 ELEV Elevation 标高 ELR Extra long range 特远程 ELT Emergency locator transmitter 紧急示位信标发射器 EM Emission 发射EMBD E mbedded in a layer (to indicate cumulonimbus embedded in layers of other clouds) 隐嵌在云层中（用以说明隐嵌在其它云层中的积雨云）EMERG Emergency 紧急 END Stop-end (related to RVR) 跑道末端视程仪 ENE East north east 东北东 ENG Engine 发动机 ENR En route 航路上 ENRC En-route chart (followed by name/title) 航路图（后随名称／标题） EOBT Estimated off-block time 预计撤轮挡时间 EQPT Equipment 设施 ER Here…or herewith 此处, 随同 ESE East south east 东南东 EST E stimate or estimated or estimate (as message type designator)预计或预计电报（电报种类代号） ETA Estimated time of arrival or estimating arrival 预计到达时间、预计到达ETD Estimated time of departure or estimating departure 预计起飞时间、预计起飞ETE* Estimated time en-route 预计航路时间 ETO Estimated time over significant point 预计飞越重要点的时间 EV Every 每 EXC Except 除……以外 EXER Exercises or exercising or to exercise 演习 EXP Expect or expected or expecting 希望、预计 EXTD Extend or extending延伸FF* Degrees Fahrenheit 华氏度数 F Fixed 固定 FAC Facilities设施FAF Final approach fix最后进近定位点FAL Facilitation of international air transport 国际航空运输简化手续 FANS* Future air navigation system 未来航行系统 FAP Final approach point最后进近点FATO Final approach and take-off area 最后进近和起飞区 FAX Facsimile transmission 传真FBL L ight (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, interference or static reports, e.g. FBL RA=light rain)轻度（用以表示天气现象，干扰或静电报告的强度，例如: FBL RA 为小雨） FC Funnel cloud (tornado or water spout) 漏斗云（陆龙卷／水龙卷） FCST Forecast预报 FCT Friction coefficient摩擦系数FDPS Flight data processing system 飞行数据处理系统 FEB February 二月 FEW Few 少数 FG Fog雾FIC Flight information center 飞行情报中心 FIR Flight information region 飞行情报区 FISFlight information service飞行情报服务FISA Automated flight information service 自动飞行情报服务 FL Flight level 飞行高度层 FLD Field 机场, 场地 FLG Flashing 闪烁, 闪光 FLR Flares 照明弹 FLT Flight飞行、航班FLTCK Flight check飞行校验（检查） FLUC Fluctuating or fluctuation or fluctuated 摆动、波动 FLW Follow(s) or following 如下、以下 FLY Fly or flying 飞行 FM From从、自 FM From (followed by time weather change is forecast to begin)从、自（后随预报天气变化开始的时间） FMS Flight management system 飞行管理系统 FMU Flow management unit 流量管理单位 FNA Final approach最后进近 FOT* Units of English system 英制单位 FPAP Flight path alignment point航迹对正点FPL Filed flight plan (message type designator) 申报飞行计划电报（电报种类代号） FPM Feet per minute 英尺/分FPR Flight plan route 飞行计划航线 FR Fuel remaining 剩余燃油 FREQ Frequency 频率 FRI Friday 星期五 FRNG Firing射击FRONT Front (relating to weather) 锋面（有关天气）FRQ Frequent经常的、频繁的、成片的 FSL Full stop landing 全停着陆 FSS Flight service station 飞行服务站 FST First第一FT Feet (dimensional unit) 英尺（长度单位） FTP Fictitious threshold point 假定入口 FU Smoke 烟 FZ Freezing冰冻 FZDZ Freezing drizzle 冻毛毛雨 FZFG Freezing fog 冻雾 FZRA Freezing rain冻雨GG Green 绿色G V ariations from the mean wind speed (gusts)(followed by figures in METAR/SPECI and TAF) 平均风速的变化量（阵风）（后随数字，用于 METAR/SPECI 和 TAF ） G/A Ground-to-air地对空GA Go ahead, resume sending (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)请发送，恢复发送（航空固定服务中使用的程序信号）G/A/G Ground-to-air and air-to-ground 地对空和空对地GAGAN G PS and geostationary earth orbit augmented navigation全球定位系统和同步地球轨道增强导航GAMET Area forecast for low-level flights 低空飞行的区域预报 GARP GBAS azimuth reference point 陆基增强系统方位基准点 GBAS Ground based augmentation system (to be pronounced “GEE -BAS”)GCA Ground controlled approach system or ground controlled approach 陆基增强系统（发音为“GEE -BAS”）地面控制进近系统、地面控制进近 GENGeneral总则、一般GEO Geographic or true 地理的, 真的 GES Ground earth station 地面地球站 GLDGlider 滑翔机GLONASS (to be pronounced ‘GLO -NAS’) Global orbiting navigation satellite system全球轨道导航卫星系统（发音为 “GLO -NAS”）GMC Ground movement chart (followed by name/title) 地面运行图（后随名称／标题） GND Ground地面GNDCK Ground check地面检查、地面校验 GNSS Global navigation satellite system 全球导航卫星系统 GP Glide path下滑道GPS Global positioning system 全球定位系统 GR Hail雹GRAS Ground based regional augmentation system (to be pronounced “GRASS”) 陆基区域增强系统（发音为“GRASS”） GRASS Grass landing area 草地着陆区GRIB P rocessed meteorological data in the form of grid point values expressed in binary form (aeronautical meteorological code) 二进制压缩处理过的、以网格点数值形式表示的气象资料（航空气象代码） GRVL Gravel砂砾 GS Ground speed地速GS Small hail and/or snow pellets 小雹和／或雪粒 GUND Geoid undulation大地水准面起伏HH24 Continuous day and night service 昼夜服务HAPI Helicopter approach path indicator 直升机进近航道指示器 HBN Hazard beacon危险灯标HDF High frequency direction-finding station 高频定向台HDG Heading 航向 HEL Helicopter直升机HF High frequency (3 000 to 30 000KHZ) 高频（3 000-30 000 千赫） HGT height or height above高或高于HIALS* High intensity approach lighting system 高强度进近灯系统 HIRL* High intensity runway edge light 高强度跑道边灯 HJ Sunrise to sunset 日出至日没 HLDG Holding等待HN Sunset to sunrise日没至日出 HO Service available to meet operational requirements 按飞行需要开放 HOL Holiday节假日 HOSP Hospital aircraft 医救航空器 HPA Hectopascal 百帕斯卡 HR Hours小时HS Service available during hours of scheduled operations 按班期时间开放HURCN Hurricane 飓风HVDF H igh and very high frequency direction-finding stations (at the same location) 高频和甚高频定向台（在同一地点） HVY Heavy 严重的、大的HVY H eavy (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, e.g. HVY RA=heavy rain) 严重的、大的（用以表示天气现象的强度，例如: HVY RA 为大雨） HX No specific working hours 无规定开放时间 HYR Higher 较高、更高 HZ Haze霾HZHertz (cycle per second)赫（周/秒）IIAC Instrument approach chart (followed by name/title) 仪表进近图（后随名称／标题）IAF Initial approach fix 起始进近定位点IAO In and out of clouds 断续云中IAP Instrument approach chart (followed by name/title) 仪表进近图（后随名称/标题）IAR Intersection of air routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated air speed 指示空速IBN Identification beacon 识别灯标IC I ce crystals (very small ice crystals in suspension,also known as diamond dust) 冰晶（悬浮的极小冰晶，也叫钻石尘）ICE Icing 积冰ID Identifier or identify 识别符、识别IDENT Identification 识别标志、识别IF Intermediate approach fix 中间进近定位点IFF Identification friend/foe 敌我识别器IFR Instrument flight rules 仪表飞行规则IGA International general aviation 国际通用航空ILS Instrument landing system 仪表着陆系统IM Inner marker 内指点标IMC Instrument meteorological conditions 仪表气象条件IMG Immigration 移民、入境IMPR Improve or improving 变好、改进IMT Immediate or immediately 即刻、立即INA Initial approach 起始进近INBD Inbound 进港、归航、向台INC In cloud 云中INCERFA Uncertainty phase 不明阶段INFO Information 资料、情报INOP Inoperative 不工作INP If not possible 如不可能INPR In progress 进行中INS Inertial navigation system 惯性导航系统INSTL Install or installed or installation 安装、装置INSTR Instrument 仪表INT Intersection 交叉点INTL International 国际的INTRG Interrogator 询问器INTRP Interrupt or interruption or interrupted 中断INTSF Intensify or intensifying 加强INTST Intensity 强度IR Ice on runway 跑道结冰ISA International standard atmosphere 国际标准大气ISB Independent sideband 独立边带ISOL Isolated 单独、孤立的JAN JTSTJJanuaryJet stream一月急流JUL July 七月JUN June 六月KKG Kilogrammes 千克KHZ Kilohertz 千赫KM Kilometers 千米KMH Kilometers per hour 千米／小时 KPA Kilopascal 千帕斯卡KT Knots 海里／小时、节 KW Kilowatts千瓦LL Left (runway identification) 左（跑道标志）L Locator (see LM,LO) 示位信标（见中示位信标，外示位信标） L* Low altitude低空L Low pressure area or the centre of low pressure低气压区，低气压中心LAM Logical acknowledgement (message type designator) 逻辑认可电报（电报种类代号） LAN Inland 内地 LAT Latitude纬度LDA Landing distance available可 用 着 陆 距 离 LDAH Landing distance available, helicopter 直升机可用着陆距离LDG Landing着陆LDI Landing direction indicator 着陆方向标 LEN Length长度LF Low frequency (30 to 300KHZ) 低频（30-300 千赫） LGT Light or lighting 灯光、照明 LGTD Lighted照亮 LIH Light intensity high 高强度灯 LIL Light intensity low 低强度灯 LIM Light intensity medium 中强度灯 LLZ Localizer航向信标 LM Locator, middle中示位信标LMM* Locator middle marker 中示位信标和中指点标 LMT Local mean time当地平时LNG Long (used to indicate the type of approach desired or required) 大起落航线（用以说明希望或要求的进近方式）LO Locator, outer外示位信标LOC Local or Locally or location or located 当地、位置、位于 LOM* Locator outer marker 外示位信标和外指点标 LONG Longitude经度LORAN LORAN (long range air navigation system) 罗兰（远程导航系统）LR The last message received by me was… 我收到的最后一份电报是…… LRG Long range远程LS The last message sent by me was… or Last message was… 我发送的最后一份电报是…… LT* Local time 当地时间 LTD Limited有限的LTP Landing threshold point 着陆入口位置 LTT Landline teletypewriter有线电传打字机 LV Light and variable (relating to wind) 微风、风向不定 LVE Leave or leaving 离开LVL level高度、水平面、级别 LYR layer or layered（云）层、分层MM Mach number (followed by figures)马赫数（后跟数字）M Minimum value of runway visual range (follow by figures in METAR/SPECI) 跑道视程最小值（后随数字，用于 METAR/SPECI ） M Meters (preceded by figures) 米（前面为数字） MAA Maximum authorized altitude 最大允许高度 MAGMagnetic磁的MAINT Maintenance维护MALS* Medium intensity approach lights system 中强度进近灯 MAP Aeronautical maps and charts 航空图 MAPT Missed approach point 复飞点 MAR At sea 海洋上 MAR March三月MAS Manual A1 simplex 单工人工等幅电报 MAX Maximum 最大 MAY May五月MBST Microburst微下击暴流 MCW Modulated continuous wave 调制等幅波 MDA Minimum descent altitude最低下降高度MDF Medium frequency direction-finding station 中频定向台MDH Minimum descent height 最低下降高 MEA Minimum en-route altitude最低航路高度MEHT Minimum eye height over threshold (for visual approach slope indicator systems) 过入口最低眼高（用于目视进近坡度指示系统）MET Meteorological or meteorology气象METAR Aerodrome meteorological report (in meteorological code)METAR Aerodrome routine meteorological report (in meteorological code)机场天气报告（气象电码） 机场例行天气报告（气象电码） METREPORT Local routine meteorological report (in abbreviated plain language)本场例行天气报告（简缩明语） MF Medium frequency (300 to 3 000KHZ) 中频（300-3 000 千赫） MHA* Minimum holding altitude最低等待高度MHDF Medium and high frequency direction-finding stations (at the same location)MHVDF Medium, high and very high frequency direction-finding stations (at the same location) 中频和高频定向台（在同一地点） 中频、高频、甚高频定向台（在同一地点）MHZ Megahertz兆赫MID Mid-point (related to RVR) 中间点（用于跑道视程） MIFG Shallow fog 浅雾 MIL Military 军用 MIN Minutes分MIRL* Medium intensity runway edge light 中强度跑道边灯 MIS Missing…漏收、遗失…… MKR Marker radio beacon无线电指点标 MLS Microwave landing system 微波着陆系统 MM Middle marker 中指点标 MNM Minimum最低MNPS Minimum navigation performance specifications 最低导航性能规范 MNT Monitor or monitoring or monitored 监听、监控 MNTN Maintain保持MOA Military operating area军事活动区MOC Minimum obstacle clearance (required)最低超障高度（要求）MOD Moderate (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, interference or static report, e.g. moderate rain=MODRA) 中度（用以表示天气现象、干扰或静电报告的程度，例如：中雨=MODRA ） MON Above mountains 高于山 MON Monday星期一MOPS Minimum operational performance standards 最低运行性能标准 MOTNE M eteorological Operational Telecommunications Network Europe欧洲飞行气象电信网 MOVMove or moving or movement移动，活动MPH* Statute miles per hour 英里／小时 MPS Meters per second米／秒MRA Minimum reception altitude 最低接收高度 MRG Medium range中程MRP ATS/MET reporting point 空中交通服务／气象报告点 MS Minus负、减MSA Minimum sector altiutude 最低扇区高度 MSAL* Minimum safe altitude最低安全高度MSAS Multi-functional transport satellite (MTSAT) satellite-based augmentation system (to be pronounced “EM -SAS”) 多功能传送卫星星基增强系统（发音为“EM -SAS”）MSAW Minimum safe altitude warning 最低安全高度警告 MSG Message电报MSL Mean sea level 平均海平面MSR M essage (transmission identification) has been misrouted (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal) 电报（发送标识）路由错误（航空固定服务中使用的程序符号） MSSR Monopulse secondary surveillance radar 单脉冲二次监视雷达 MTMountain山MTOW* Maximum take-off weight 最大起飞重量 MTU Metric units 米制 MTW Mountain waves山地波MTWA* Maximum total weight authorized最大允许全重MVDF Medium and very high frequency direction-finding stations (at the same location) 中频和甚高频定向台（同一位置） MWO Meteorological watch office气象监视台MX Mixed type of ice formation (white and clear) 混合形式的结冰（白色及明冰）NN No distinct tendency (in RVR during previous 10 minutes)无明显趋势（前 10 分钟的跑道视程） N North or northern latitude北、北纬NAIP * National aeronautical information publication 国内航空资料汇编NASC National AIS system center 国家航空情报服务系统中心 NAT North Atlantic 北大西洋NAVNavigation 领航、导航、航行 NAVAID* Navigation aids 导航设备 NB Northbound 往北飞行 NBFR Not before 不早于…… NC No change无变化NCD No cloud detected (used in automated METAR/SPECI)探测无云（用于自动 METAR/SPECI ） NDB Non-directional radio beacon 无方向性无线电信标台NDV N o directional variations available (used in automated METAR/SPECI) 无 可 用 的 方 向 变 量 （ 用 于 自 动 METAR/SPECI ） NE North-east东北NEB North-eastbound往东北飞行NEG No or negative or permission not granted or that is not correct 不、否定、未获批准或不正确 NGT Night夜间NIL None or I have nothing to send to you 没有、 无电报给你 NM Nautical miles 海里 NML Normal正常 NNE North-north-east 北北东 NNW North-north-west北北西 NOFInternational NOTAM office国际航行通告室NOSIG N o significant change (used in trend-type landing forecasts)NOTAM A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning theestablishment, condition or change in anyaeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, thetimely knowledge of which is essential to personnelconcerned with flight operations 无重大变化（用于趋势型着陆预报）航行通告（通过电信发布的有关从事飞行工作的人员必须及时了解的航空设施、服务、程序或危险的建立、情况或改变的通知）NOV November 十一月NOZ Normal operating zone 正常运行区NR Number 号数NRH No reply heard 未收到回答NS Nimbostratus 雨层云NSC Nil significant cloud 无重要的云NSW Nil significant weather 无重要天气NTL National 国家的、国内的NTZ No transgression zone 非超越区NW North-west 西北NWB North-westbound 往西北飞行NXT Next 下次、下一个OOAC Oceanic area control center 海洋区域管制中心OAS Obstacle assessment surface 障碍物评价面OBS Observe or observed or observation 观察、遵守OBSC Obscure or obscured or obscuring 遮蔽、模糊的OBST Obstacle 障碍物OCA Obstacle clearance altitude 超障高度OCA Oceanic control area 海洋管制区OCC Occulting (light) 明暗灯OCH Obstacle clearance height 超障高OCL* Obstacle clearance limit 超障限制OCNL Occasional or occasionally 偶然OCS Obstacle clearance surface 超障面OCT October 十月OFZ Obstacle free zone 无障碍物区OGN Originate 签发人OHD Overhead 从上空飞过、架空OLDI On-line data interchange 联机数据交换OM Outer marker 外指点标OPA Opaque, white type of ice formation 不透明、白色结冰OPC Control indicated is operational control 运行管制OPMET Operational meteorological (information) 飞行气象情报OPN Open or opening or opened 开放OPR Operator or operate or operative or operating oroperational经营人、工作、运行OPS Operations 作业、航行、经营、操作、运转O/R On request 按申请ORD Order 命令OSV Ocean station vessel 海洋导航船只OTLK Outlook (used in SIGMET messages for volcanic ash and tropical cyclones) 展望（用于火山灰云和热带气旋的SIGMET 电报中）OTP On top 云上OTS Organized track system 组合航迹系统OUBD Outbound 离港、飞离OVC Overcast阴天、满天云PP… Prohibited area (followed by identification)禁区（后随识别代号）P Maximum value of wind speed or runway visual r ange (followed by figures in METAR/SPECI and TAF) 跑道视程或风速的最大值（后随数字， 用于 METAR/SPECI 和 TAF ） PA Precision approach精密进近PALS Precision approach lighting system (specify category) 精密进近灯光系统（注明种类） PANS Procedures for air navigation services 空中航行服务程序 PAPI Precision approach path indicator 精密进近航道指示器 PAR Precision approach radar 精密进近雷达 PARL Parallel 平行、纬线PATC P recision approach terrain chart (followed by name/title) 精密进近地形图（后随名称/标题） PAX Passenger旅客PCD Proceed or proceeding 前进、继续前进、进行 PCL Pilot-controlled lighting驾驶员控制的灯光 PCN Pavement classification number 道面等级编号 PDC Pre-departure clearance 起飞前放行 PDG Procedure design gradient 程序设计梯度 PER Performance 功能, 性能 PERM Permanent永久PIB Pre-flight information bulletin 飞行前资料公告 PJE Parachute jumping exercise 跳伞演习 PL Ice pellets冰粒PLA Practice low approach 实施低空进近 PLN Flight plan 飞行计划 PLVL Present level现行高度层 PN Prior notice required 需事先通知 PNR Point of no return不能返航点 PO Dust/sand whirls (dust devils) 尘/沙卷风 POB Persons on board机上人员PPI Plan position indicator 平面位置指示器POSS Possible可能的、可允许的、合适的 PPR Prior permission required 需事先同意 PPSN Present position现在位置PRFG Aerodrome partially covered by fog 机场局部被雾覆盖 PRI Primary 主要 PRKG Parking 停机PROB Probability 可能性、概率 PROC Procedure 程序 PROV Provisional 临时 PS Plus 加、正 PSG Passing 飞过、通过 PSN Position位置 PSP Pierced steel plank穿孔钢板 PSR Primary surveillance radar 一次监视雷达 PSYS Pressure system(s) 增压系统 PTN Procedure turn程序转弯 PTS Polar track structure 极地航迹结构 PWR Power功率、电源 QQDM Magnetic heading (zero wind) 磁航向（无风） QDRMagnetic bearing磁方位。

1. Road and Traffic 公路和交通Approaching end of motorway 即将驶出高速。

Avoid the jams. 避免交通堵塞。

Dangerous bend 弯道危险Diverted traffic 交叉路口Entry to motorway 高速入口Left junction 左交叉口Look left (right) 向左（右）看。

Low bridge ahead 前方桥低。

New hours of parking control 停车控制新时段No entry 禁止驶人No stopping at any time 任何时间不准停车No thoroughfare 禁止通行No trade or business vehicle unless authorized 未经允许货车禁止通行。

Pedestrian crossing ahead 注意前方人行横道。

Pedestrian crossing 人行横道Please drive carefully 请小心驾驶。

Road closed 此路封闭Slow， school 前方学校请慢行。

Speed limit of 48kmh 限速每小时48公里The law requires you wear a seatbelt 法规要求系安全带。

This vehicle stops frequently 随时停车II．Car and Parking 汽车和停车Car park front and rear.前后停车Cars parked here without permission will be clamped 未经允许在此停车将被拖走Guest's car park 来客停车场Limited parking 停车位有限No parking constantly in use 此处经常使用，禁止停车。

No parking except for loading. 除装货外，禁止停车。

AAbbreviated or abbreviation 縮減或縮寫語 ABBRAbout 約；關於 ABTAbove 上述；在.. 之上 ABVAccept or accepted 接受；承諾 ACPT or ACC Accessory 附屬品 ACCESS Accommodation 臨時住宿 ACCOM According 根據 ACD(G) Accordingly 依照；於是 ACDGLY Account 帳戶 ACCT Account of 原因 A/O Acknowledge or acknowledgement 承認；通 ACK知收到如"ACK RCPT (OF OUR TELEX)"Active or activate or acting or actual Active ACTor activate or activated or activation or actingor activity 主動的；活動中；使用中Actual 真實的；實際的 ACTActual Time of Arrival 實際到場時間 ATA (ICAO) Actual Time of Departure 實際離場時間 ATD (ICAO) Addition 增加 ADD or ADDNor ADDTN Addition/Deletion List - passenger name ADLlist (PNL) message 旅客名單增減文電Addition or additional 附加或附加的; ADDN (ICAO) 另外的 (reservations code)Additional collection (reservations and ticket ADCcodes) 附加收費Additional seat for CBBG/EXST 購買另外 ADST機位放置行李或一人使用兩座位Address 地址 ADS or ADRSor ADR Addressed 寫姓名地址 ADRSDAddressee 收信人 ADRSEEAd hoc (Latin) - for a particular occasion or ad hocpurpose 特殊狀況或目的Ad-hoc Clearance Request 特殊狀況許可要求 ACRAd-hoc group 臨時任務編組 AHGAd initium (Latin) - at the beginning 首先 ad initAd interim (Latin) - in the meantime or for ad intthe time being 同時Adjacent鄰接的 ADJ (ICAO)Adjustment 調整 ADJAdministration or administrative 管理；行政 ADMAdult 法定成年人 ADTAdvance passenger information 旅客預報 APIAdvanced purchase excursion (fare) APEX優惠旅遊預購票Advertisement 廣告 ADAdvice of Schedule Change (reservations ASCcode) 時刻變動告知Advisable合理的 ADVSBLAdvise 告知 ADZ (ICAO)Advise or advised or advising or advisor 告知 ADVAdvise acceptance (reservations code) ADAC告知是否接受Advise arrival (reservations code) 告知到達班機 ADARAdvise if not OK (correct) (reservations code) ADNO不同意請回電Advise instructions 告知指示 ADIN1Advise name(s) (reservations code) ADVN告知旅客姓名Advise on arrival 到達時請告知 ADOA Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication AFTN (ICAO) Network 航空固定通訊網Affix 附件；附加 AF After...(time or place) (時間或地點)...以後 AFT (ICAO) Again 再 AGN (ICAO) Against 面對；反對 AGNST Agency代理處 AGCY Agency discount or agent's discount AD代理商人員折扣優待Agent (A reservations clerk authorized to AGT operate an agent's set in a reservationssystem.) 航空公司線上作業人員Agent Assembly Area (The AAA is a AAAwork area in the Central ProcessingUnit (CPU) which is assigned to eachagent's set. It is used by the CPU tostore and display data on which anagent is working.) 訂位電腦作業區域Agree or agreed 同意 AGR Agreement 協定 AGRMTAir cargo 航空貨物 AIRCGOAir conditioning 空調 AIRCOAir Force 空軍 AFAir parcel 航空包裹 AIRPCLAir Passenger Tariff (Miscellaneous APT International Aviation Publications)航空客運票價准則Air Traffic Control飛航管制 ATC (ICAO)Air Transport Association of America ATA美國航空協會Air Waybill 空運提單 AWBAircraft 航空器 ACFT or A/C Aircraft movement message 班機動態文電 MVTAircraft on ground 停機待修 AOGAircraft type 機型 ATYPAirfreight 航空貨運 AIRFRTAirline Conversion Rate 航空兌換率 ACRAirline Operations Center 航務中心 AOCAirline Operators Committee 航空業者聯席會議AOCAirline Reservation System 航空訂位系統 ARSAirlines Reporting Corporation 美國航空票款 ARC清帳組織Airport 機場 AP (ICAO) orAPT or A/P Airport ground services 機場航勤 AGSAirport Handling Manual (IATA Traffic AHMServices Publications) 機場作業手冊Airport information desk 機場詢問檯 AIDAirport manager 航空站主任；機場經理 APMAirport office 機場辦事處 APOAirway 航路 AWY (ICAO) Airway facilities 航空設施 AFAllowance 許可；寬限 ALWNCAlready 已經 ALRDYAlternate or alternating 備用的 ALTN (ICAO) Alternative選擇的 (reservations code) ALTNAmend修改 AMD (ICAO)2American Telegraph and Telephone AT&T Company美國電報電話公司Amount合計；總數 AMNT Animal in cabin (reservations code) PETC帶進客艙的寵物Animal in Hold 放置貨艙動物 AVIH Another 另外 AHRAnswer 回覆 ANS (ICAO) Anticipate 預期 ANTCPT Anxious 切望 ANX Anxiously 切望 ANXLY Apparently 顯然地 APRTLY Appendix 附屬 APP Applicable 適用 APLCBL Application 應用；申請 APLCTN Applied 應用；申請 APLD Applying 應用；申請 APLYG Appoint or appointed or appointment 約定 APPT Appreciate 感激 APPREC Appreciation request請求諒解 APREQ Approach 飛機近場或進場 APCH (ICAO) Approach接近；交涉 APRCH Approval 認可 APRVL Approval or approve or approved 准許 APV (ICAO) orAPRV Approximate or approximately大約 APRX (ICAO)or APPROX Area of responsibility 責任區域 AORAround 在附近 ARND Arrange or arrangement 安排 ARNG (ICAO)or ARRNG Arrival 抵達 ARVLArrival or arrived or arriving到場；抵達 ARR (ICAO)Arrival unknown or via means other than ARNKschedule air service (reservations code)抵達班機不詳Arrived 抵達 ARVDArticle 物品 ARTAs follows 如下 AFAs soon as possible 儘速 SAP (ICAO) orSAP As Your Request 如所要求 AYRQAscend or ascending to 爬升至 ASC (ICAO)Asiatic/Indian vegetarian meal 印度素食餐， AVML無肉類及魚類Assignment 任務 ASSMTAssistance or assist or assisted or ASSTassisting 幫助Association 協會 ASSN orASSOC Association of Asia Pacific Airlines AAPA亞太航空協會Association of European Airlines AEA歐洲航空協會Assortment 分類 ASSMTAt ... (time or place) 在‧‧‧時間或地點 ATP (ICAO)ATA/IATA Reservations Interline Message AIRIMPProcedures - Passenger (IATA TrafficServices Publications) 訂位電訊傳送程序Attach 附加 ATCH3Attempt 試圖 ATMPT Attend 出席；照料 ATND Attention 注意 ATTN (ICAO) Attractive 有吸引力 ATRCTV Authentic 正式的 AUTH Authority or Authorize or Authorization 當局；授權AUTH (ICAO) Automated Fare Quotation System (SITA) AIRFARE電腦自動機票報價系統Automated Ticket and Boarding Pass 指機票 ATB登機證合一之搭機券Automated Travel Information Manual (SITA) TIMATIC電腦顯示旅行入境資訊指南Automatic or automatically 主動 AUTO Auxiliary 補助的 AUX (ICAO) Availability Status (reservations code) AVS空位狀況Available or availability 可用的或可用率； AVBL (ICAO) 可得到的 or AVLB Available seat request 空位請求 ASK Average 平均數 AVG (ICAO) Aviation 航空 AVN Awaiting 等待 AWTGBBaby / Infant Meal 嬰兒餐 BBML Background 背景 BGD Baggage 行李 BAG Baggage Check-in Record 行李受理記錄 BCR Baggage Control Message (baggage BCMhandling terms) 行李管制文電Baggage handling system 行李作業系統 BHSBaggage information display system BIDS行李資料顯示系統Baggage Not Seen Message (baggage BNShandling terms) 行李未尋獲文電Baggage processed message (baggage BPMhandling terms) 行李處理文電Baggage source message (baggage BSMhandling terms) 行李原始資料文電Baggage tag printer 行李牌印表機 BTPBaggage transfer message (baggage BTMhandling terms) 行李轉運文電Baggage unload message (baggage BUMhandling terms) 行李卸下文電Balance 平衡 BALBanker's Buying Rate 銀行貨幣買進費率 BBRBanker's Selling Rate 銀行貨幣賣出費率 BSRBarrel 筒 BRLBassinet or carry-cot or baby basket 娃娃車；搖籃BSCTBattery operated wheelchair 電動輪椅 WCHBBeen 成為 BNBefore 以前 BFR (ICAO)Begin 開始 BEGBehind 在後面 BHNDBelow ... 在...以下 BLW (ICAO)Better 較好地 BTRBetween ...之間 BTN (ICAO) orBTWN Beyond 超出 BYND4Bicycle 腳踏車 BIKEBill of lading (貨運提單) BL or B/L Billing and Settlement Plan 應收及應付 BSP帳款清償結帳辦法Billing and Settlement Plan Committee BSPC應收及應付帳款清償結帳辦法委員會Biological Oxygen Demand 水中微生物 BOD氧氣希求測試Black and white 書面文字為憑 BWBland/Soft Meal (means low fat food BLMLitems - low in dietary fiber residue.Omission of foods or beveragescausing gastric discomfort.) 低脂易消化餐，避免有些食物刺激胃腸不適Blank or null 空白或不存在的 NULBlind passenger 目盲旅客 BLNDBlock or blocking 封鎖；斷路 BLK Blocked 已封鎖 BLKD Blocked seats (load control terms) 保留機位 BLKD Board of Directors 董事會；理事會 BOD Boarded 已登機 BRDD Boarding 登機 BRDG Boarding gate printer 登機證印表機 BGP Boarding gate reader 登機門登機證讀取機 BGR Bonded goods 存關行李或物品 BG or B/G Bonded warehouse 存關行李倉庫 BWBooked 已訂位 BKD Booking 訂位 BKGBoth 兩者 BOZ Broadcast 廣播 BCST (ICAO)Broken 裂雲(ICAO)；破裂 BKNBuilding 建築物 BLDG (ICAO) Bulk 大型 BLKBulkhead (means a wall which divides BHD or BKHD the inside of an airplane into separatesections) 機艙間壁Bulky Baggage 大型行李 BULKBusiness 業務 BSNSBuyer 買主 BYRBy the way 附帶一提 BTWBy way of ... 經由 VIACCabin Attendant 客艙服務員 C/ACabin baggage to occupy extra seat(s) or to CBBGbe loaded in cabin 客艙或座位上放置行李Cabin Purser (Chief Purser) 客艙長 C/PCabotage 國內及近海航權 CABOCalendar 日曆 CALCancel or canceled 取消 CNL (ICAO) orCNCL Cancellation message (of revised ETD) CTD取消原來更改之班機起飛時間Cannot 不能 CANTCapacity 容量 CAPCaptain (Flight Commander) 機長 CAPTCaptain (Pilot-in-Command) 機長 CPT (ICAO) orPIC Carbon copy 複寫紙副本 CC5Care of 轉交 C/OCargo 貨物 CGOCargo aircraft only 貨機 CAOCargo attendant (passenger type code) 貨物隨員CACargo master loader 貨物主要裝貨人 CMLCarry out 實行 C/OCash in advance (trade term) 預先付款 CIA Category or Catalog or catalogue 類目；目錄 CAT Cathode Ray Tube 陰極射線管或映像管 CRT Caution 注意 CTN (ICAO) Central processing unit 中央處理器 CPU Central Reservation Control 訂位控管中心 CRC Centralized Information System集中資訊系統 CIS Certificate or certified 證書 CERT or CTF Chairman 主席 CHM Change/modification 修正電報 (message CHGtype designator - ICAO)；改變；調換Change Name to (reservations code) 訂位名字改變CHNT Chapter 章節 CH Character 品質；角色 CHA Charge 收費 CHG Charges collect 交付後收費 CCCharter 包租；租賃 CHTR Check 檢查 CK (ICAO) Check-in (reservations code) 旅客報到 CKIN Checklist 檢查目錄 CLCheque 支票 CHQChief 最高的；主要的 CHFChief Executive Officer 總經理 CEOChief flight or flying instructor 飛行主任教官 CFIChild 孩童 CHD or CHChild Meal 兒童餐 CHMLChinese Air Force- Taiwan 中國(台灣)空軍 CAFCircumstance 環境；狀況 CIRCSCity sales office 城區營業辦事處 CSOCity ticket office 城區票務辦事處 CTOCivil Aeronautics Administration 民用航空局 CAACivil Aviation 民航局 CACivil Aviation Administration of China (PRC) CAAC中國(大陸)民航局Civil Aviation Authority 民航當局 CAACivil Aviation Authority of Singapore 新加坡 CAAS民航局Civil Aviation Authority of Taiwan 台灣民用 CAA航空局Civil Aviation Department 民航部門 CADClarify - Your message is not understood 澄清 CFYClass 等級 CLClass of service 艙等 COSClause 條款；規定 CLClear or cleared to ... or clearance 准許；明確 CLRClear-air turbulence 晴空亂流 CATClimb爬升 CMB (ICAO) orCLB Clock 時鐘 CLClose or closed or closing 完結；結束；關閉 CLSD (ICAO)Close File 結案歸檔 CLFICloud 雲 CLD (ICAO)Collection 收集 COLLColor or colored 顏色；有色的 COL6Combination or combined 組合；組合的 COMB Comma 逗點 CMA Command 指揮權；命令；指令 CMD or CMMD Commerce 商業 COM Commercial 商務的；廣告 CML Commercial courier (reservations and ticket COURcode) 商品信差Commercially Important People (to company) CIP商界名人；對公司業務有重要性人物Commodity 必需品；商品 CMDTY Common currency of European Union (EU) 歐元 euro Communications (ICAO) 通訊或交通 COM Compact Disk - read-only memory 光碟機 - 唯讀CD-ROM Company 公司；陪伴 COCompany business 公司業務 COBUS Company Mail 公司內部郵件 COMAIL Compare 比較 CF Competitive 競爭的 CMPTV Competitor 競爭者 CMPETR Complaint 投訴 CMPLNT Complete or completed or completion完成 CMPL (ICAO) Comprehensive Allocation Space CASH++ Handling 綜合機位配給作業設定Computerized Reservation System 旅行社 CRS所用電腦訂位系統之統稱Conclusion 結論；結果 CNCLSN Condition 情況；條件 COND (ICAO) Confidential Conference 機密會談 CONF Configuration (aircraft) 機艙座位配置 CFGConfirm or confirmed or confirming or CFMconfirmation 證實；確認Connect or connecting or connection or CONXconnected (reservations code) 轉運In connection with 有關Consignment 寄交的貨品 CONSGTConstruction or constructed (ICAO) 施工 CONSTContact or contacted or contacting 聯繫 CTC (ICAO)Contact address (home or hotel) CTCA(reservations code) 住處電話Contact business phone (reservations code) CTCB公司電話Contact home phone (reservations code) CTCH住宅電話Contact phone nature not known CTCP(reservations code)有聯絡電話而不知來處Contact travel agency telephone number CTCT(reservations code) 旅行社電話Container 貨櫃 CNTRContainer/pallet distribution message CPM航機盤櫃裝載配置文電Containing 包括 CONTContents 內容 CONTContinue or continued 繼續 CONTContinuous 連續的 CONS (ICAO) Control 管制；控制 CTL (ICAO)Control area 管制區域 CTA (ICAO)Control loading system 裝載管制系統 CLSControl zone 管制地帶 CTRConvenience 方便 CVENCEConventional 慣例的 CONVL7Converted (aircraft) 轉向；兌換 CVTD Convertible 可變性；敝蓬車 CVT Cooperation or cooperate or cooperated or COOP cooperating 合作Coordinate or coordination 協調 COOR (ICAO) Copilot 副駕駛員 CP (ICAO) Copy 副本 CPY Corporation 法人；股份有限公司 CORP Correct or corrected or correction COR (ICAO) (message type designator) 改正Correction to previous message COR (reservations code) 改正前言文電Corridor 通路 CORR Cost, freight and insurance 貨價包括運費 CFI及保險費Cost, insurance and freight 貨價包括保險 CIF費及運費Cost per passenger 每一旅客之費用 CPPCould能 CUD Counter 櫃檯 CTR Country code 國碼 CCCoupon 票根；聯票的一張 CPNCourse 航路；過程 CRSCover or covered or covering (ICAO) 覆蓋； COV掩護Credit Card Settlement Plan CCSP (IATA) 簽帳卡結帳辦法Crew 機組員 CRW Current message 目前訊息 CMCurrent plan 目前計畫 CPNCustoms 海關 CUST (ICAO)Customs clearance 通關 CCLCustoms Declaration 海關申報單 C/DCustoms, immigration and quarantine 機場 CIQ通關流程關卡即海關、證照查驗及檢疫Customer 顧客 CSTMRCustomhouse 海關 CHDDaily 每日地 DLYDamaged 損害 DMGDDanger or dangerous 危害或危險 DNG (ICAO)Dangerous goods 危險物品 DGDangerous Goods Regulations - IATA Traffic DGRServices Publications 危險物品規則Date-Time Group 發電報日期時間組 DTGDeadheading crew or crew positioning DHCto/from duty, occupying passengerseats 佔用旅客座位之不值勤機組員Deaf passenger 耳聾旅客 DEAFDecember 十二月 DECDeclaration 申報 DECDeclination 偏差；磁偏角 DECDecrease 減少 DECDefinite 下定義；詳細說明 DEFNTDelay延誤 DLA (ICAO) orDEL Delete or deleted or deleting 刪除 DELDeliver or delivered or delivery 交付 DEL or DLVR8Denied Boarding Compensation 機位超賣 DBC未登機補償給付Depart or departed or departure 離場 DEP (ICAO) Department 部門 DEPT Department of Transportation or DOT Transport (US) 美國交通部Departure airport 出境地機場 DEP Departure Control System 機場出境電腦 DCS控管系統Deportee 被驅逐出境者 DEPO Deportee - accompanied by an escort 有監 DEPA護人隨行之被驅逐出境者Deportee - unaccompanied 無監護人隨行之 DEPU被驅逐出境者Depot 停車場 DEPDepth深度 DPT (ICAO) Descend to or descending to (ICAO) or DES descent 下降至Design 設計；預定 DSGN Destination目的地 DEST (ICAO)or DESTN Destination address 目的地住址 DA Destination airport 目的地機場 DESTDetail 細節 DTL Deteriorate or deteriorating 退化 DTRT (ICAO) Develop 發展 DVLP Deviation or deviating 偏差；偏向 DEV (ICAO) Diabetic meal糖尿病患餐，食物無糖份 DBMLDiffer or difference 差別 DIFFDigital video effects 數位影音光碟 DVD-ROMDiplomatic courier (reservations and ticket DIPLcode) 外交身份信差Direct or directly 直接 DIR or DRCT Director 主管；董事 DIRDischarge 卸貨；執行 DISCHGDisconnect 分離；中期聯絡 DISCDiscount 折扣 DISCDiscretion 斟酌決定 DISCRDispatch 派遣 DESPDisplaced 調換 DISPLDisposition 處理 DSPNDisregard 不管 DISRGDDistance距離 DIST (ICAO)District 區域；行政區 DISTDitto 同上 DODiversion message 飛機改降文電 DIVDivert or diverting or diversion 飛機改降 DIV (ICAO) or DVTDivide 劃分 DIVDivision 部門 DIVDo all possible 儘力 DAPODocument or documentation 文件或憑文件證明 DOCDollar貨幣的元 DOL or DDomestic (ICAO) 國內的 DOM (ICAO) Domestic connecting time 國內線轉機時間 DCTDouble 加倍 DBLDouble room with bath (reservations code) DBLB雙人房附浴室Double room with bath (twin beds) 有一對單 TWNB人床之雙人房附浴室9Double room with bath and sitting room 雙人 SUIT房附小客廳及浴室Double room with shower (twin beds) 有一 TWNS對單人床之雙人房附淋浴Double room with shower (reservations DBLScode) 雙人房附淋浴設備Double room without bath/shower DBLN (reservations code) 雙人房不附浴室/淋浴設備Double room without bath/shower (twin beds) TWNN有一對單人床之雙人房無浴室/淋浴Down 向下 DWN Duplicate 複製 DUP Duplicate Message. 這是複製電報 DUPE Duration期間 R (ICAO) During 當 DRG (ICAO) orDURGDuty free 免稅 DFEEach 每個 EAEarly 早的 EAR or ELY Economic Commission (ICAO Assembly) EC國際民航組織經濟委員會Economy class 經濟艙 EYCL Effective 生效 EFFElectric or electricity 電的 ELEC orELETRC Electrical用電的 ELECT Electronic Data Processing (computer) EDP電子資訊處理Emergency 緊急情況 EMERGEmigrant (reservations code) 移民 EMIGEmployment 僱用 EMPLMTEn route 途中 ENRTEnable 使能夠 ENBLEnclose 附寄 ENCLEngine 引擎 ENGEngineer or engineering 工程師；技術 ENGR or ENGEnquire or enquiry 訊問 ENQ or ENQRY Enter 進入 ENTREntrance 入口 ENTRNCEqual or equivalent 同等或等於 EQ or EQLEquality 同等 EQLTYEquivalent 等於 EQIVNT orEQUIV Error 錯誤的字 EEEError 錯誤 ERREspecially 格外的 ESPEsquire 先生 ESQEssential 必要的 ESNTLEstablished 設立 ESTBDEstimate or estimated or estimating估計 EST (ICAO) orESTM Estimated off-block time 預計飛機滑出時間 EOBTEstimated time of arrival 預計飛機到達時間 ETAEstimated time of departure預計飛機起飛 ETDet cetera 等等 ETCEurope歐洲 EUR or EurEuropean Community or Communities EC10Originally European EconomicCommunity (EEC); now EuropeanUnion (EU) 歐洲共同體European Economic Community (now EEC European Union - EU) 歐洲經濟共同體European Union (formerly European EU Community - EC) 歐洲國家聯盟Evidence證據 EVI or EVDNC Examination 檢查 EXAM Example 實例 EXExcept除了 EXC (ICAO) orEXPTExcess baggage (reservations code) XBAG超重(額)行李Excess baggage ticket 超額行李付費票聯 EBT Exchange or exchanged 交換；兌換 EXCH Excluding除外 EX or EXCL Exclusive or exclude or excluded or EXCL or EX excluding排除Execute 執行 EX Executive 主管人員 EXEC exempli gratia 例如 EG Exercises or exercising or to exercise 演習 EXER (ICAO) Expect or expected or expecting預期 EXP (ICAO) Expect 預期 EXPCT Expedite 快速 EXPDT Expense 費用 EXPSExplain 解釋 EXPLN Export 出口 EXPExpress 表示 EXP or EXPRSExtend or extension 伸展或擴大 EXT or EXTDor EXTN Extended-range twin-engine operations - ETOPSaircraft extended-range operations (ICAO)雙引擎飛機延長飛行規劃Extension 擴展 XTNExterior 外部的 EXTExternal 外部的 EXTExtra額外 EXExtra seat for comfort 購買另外座位 EXSTExtra section 臨時區域(加班機) EXSECExtra section / flight (reservations code) 加班機 XSECFFacilities 設施 FACFacsimile 傳真；複製 FACFacsimile transmission 傳真傳送 FAX(ICAO)Factory 工廠 FCTRYFavor 幫助 FAVFavorable 贊成的 FVRBLFederal or federation 聯邦 FEDFederal Aviation Administration (USA) FAA聯邦航空局(美國)Federal Aviation Regulations (USA) FAR聯邦航空規則(美國)Field領域 FLD (ICAO)Figure 數字；估計 FIGFinal 最後 FNLFinal approach 最後近場 FA (ICAO)11Finance or financial 財務 FINFinish 完成 FNSHFirst第一 FST (ICAO) First available (reservations code) 首先可利用的 FRAVFirst class頭等艙 FC or FRCL First class hotel (reservations code) 頭等級飯店 FHTLFirst come, first served 先到者優先 FCFSFirst in, first-out 先到先離場 FIFOFirst or flight officer 副駕駛 F/OFlight 飛航(ICAO)；班機 FLTFlight attendant 飛機客艙服務員 FAFlight Crew Operating Manual 航空機員 FCOM運航手冊Flight forecast 飛行預報 FIFORFlight hour(s) 飛行時間 FHFlight Information Center 飛航情報中心 FIC (ICAO) Flight Information Region飛航情報區 FIR (ICAO) Flight Interruption Manifest 班機異常旅客 FIM轉機名冊Flight Irregularity Report 班機異常報告 FIRFlight number 飛機班次 FLT NO Flight plan飛航計畫 PLN (ICAO) orFPLFly or flying 飛航 FLYFog - meteorological terms 霧 FG (ICAO) Following 跟隨 FLW (ICAO) or FLWG or FLOGFollows or following 跟隨 FLW or FLO For 為 FRFor further study 供進一步探討 FFSFor your information 提供參考 FYIForecast- meteorological forecast 預報 FCST (ICAO) Foreign object 外物 FOForeign object damage 外物損害 FODForeword 前言 FWDForward or forwarded or forwarding 送出 FWDFreight 貨物運輸 FRTFreighter - aircraft, cargo 貨機 FRTRFrequent慣常的 FRQ (ICAO)Frequent Flyer Program 飛行里程累計辦法 FFPFrequent Individual Traveler 個人旅客 FITFrequent traveler's medical card 殘障旅客 FREMEC適航證書Further 進一步的 FURFuture 將來 FUTGGeneral 一般；通則 GENGeneral Agreement on Tariff and Trade - GATTWorld Trade Organization 關稅貿易總協定General Agreement on Trade in Services GATS(WTO) 貿易協定General Declaration 班機航員申報單 GD(A standard document giving certaindetails about a flight required for aircraftclearance by government authorities incertain countries.)General Manager 總經理 GMGeneral sales agency or general sales GSA12agent 總代理Global Distribution System 全球訂位系統 GDSGluten-free meal 無麩質食物餐，即不含 GFML小麥大麥祼麥燕麥類食物Go-around 重飛，即降落時放棄落地而 GA重新爬升Government 政府 GOV or GOVT Gradual or gradually 漸漸地 GRADU Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治世界 GMT標準時間(replaced by UTC)Gross Domestic Product 國內生產毛額 GDPGross National product 國民生產毛額 GNPGround地面 GND (ICAO) Ground handling 地勤作業 GHGround services 地勤服務 GSGroup 團體 GRPGroup IT fare 團體票 GITGroup Seat Request (reservations code) GPST團體訂位及選位Guarantee 保證 GUARTHHandbook 手冊 HDBK Handle 處理 HDL Handling 處理 HDLGHard copy 印在紙上資料 HCYHave 有 HVHave been 有 HVBNHead office 總公司 HOHeading 航向 HDGHeadquarters HQHeavy 重 HVYHeight or height above 高度；真高 HGT (ICAO) orHT or ht Helicopter 直昇機Here ... or herewith於此；附於 ER (ICAO)High Fiber Meal 高纖食物 HFMLHighway 公路 HIWAYHindu Meal 印度宗教餐，不食用牛豬肉食物 HNMLHolding等待；持有 HLDG (ICAO) Holiday 假日 HOLHotel accommodation 飯店住宿 HTLHotel reservation 飯店訂房 HORESHour 小時 HRHow 如何 HWHowever 無論如何 HWVRHurricane 颶風 HURCNII have received and understand all of your ROGERlast transmission" (voice code) 無線電對講機之用語，表示已聽到對方的傳言IATA Rates of Exchange - IATA Tariff IROE or ROEAffairs Publications 國際航空運輸協會的貨幣兌換率id est (Latin) - that is 就是 i.e.Identification識別 IDENT (ICAO) If not possible如不可能 INP (ICAO)13If space available 如有空位 ISAIf unable or if unavailable (reservations code) IFUN如不可能Illustrated or illustration or illustrator 說明 ILL Immediate or immediately立即 IMT (ICAO) or IMMD or IMDTImmigration移民 MG (ICAO) Immigration and Naturalization Service (US) INS美國移民局Import 進口 IMP Important 重要 IMPT Impossible不可能 IMPOS orIMPSBL Improve or improved or improving 改進 MPR (ICAO) In accordance with 依據 i.a.w.In-flight broadcast procedure 機內廣播程序 IFBPIn-flight entertainment 機內娛樂設施 IFEIn my humble opinion 依我所見 IMHOIn progress INPR (ICAO) In-seat video system in aircraft 座位上個人電視 IVSInbound 入境 INBD (ICAO) Incapacitated passenger 殘障或病患旅客 INCP Included 包括 INCLDD Including 包括 INCLDG Inclusive or include or included or including INCLor enclosure 包括Inclusive tour 票價包括住宿或其他服務及 IT設施的旅遊團體Inconvenience 不方便 INCVENCE Incorrect 不正確 INCORIncrease or increased or increasing 增加 INCRIndefinite 不確定 INDEFIndividual 個人 INDVLIndustry Discount Message - passenger IDMindustry discount message 航空同業優待票旅客名單Information (ICAO) or inform 資料；情報 INFOInformation request 要求提供資料或情報 INREQInoperative 失效 INOP (ICAO)Inquire進行中 INQInspect 調查 INSPInspection 調查 INSPNInstall or installation or installed 安裝或設施 INSTL (ICAO) Instant (immediate) 立即 INSTInstead of 代替 I/O or ISOInstitution 設立；公共設施 INSTNInstruct or instruction 指導 INSTRInstruction 指導 INSTRN orINSTR Instrument 儀器 INSTR (ICAO) Insufficient 不足 INSUFIntensify or intensifying 增強 INTSF (ICAO) Intensity 強度；亮度 INTST (ICAO) Interest 關心 INTRSTInterline message 航空同業文電 IMInternational 國際 INTLInternational Air Transport Association IATA際航空運輸協會International Business Machines IBMCorporation 國際商業機器公司14International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO國際民航組織International Organization for Standardization ISO國際標準化組織Interrupt or interrupted or interruption 阻擾 INTRP或間斷Interrupted 阻擾或間斷 INTRPTD Introduction 導入 INTRO Investigation or investigate or investigated INVESTor investigating 調查Invitation 招待 INVTN Irregularity or irregular 異常事件 IRRG Irregularity report (IATA) 異常報告 IRP Irrespective of 無關 IRRESP Itinerary 旅程 ITIN or ITNRYJJapan Civil Aviation Bureau 日本民航局 JCAPJoint task force 聯合特遣人員 JTFJunction 接合 JCTKKeep 保持 KPKey decision point 主要決策要點 KDPKindly 親切的 KDLY Kosher meal (All foods should be prepared KSMLand served according to Jewish DietaryLaws) 回教餐，照猶太戒律烹調之食物，由合格廠商製作並密封保存。