Factors that disturb Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
1. 2. 3. 4. Exceptions to random mating Exceptions to constant allele frequency Genetic drift Gene flow
Gene pool, genotypes, and gene frequency
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
• The law that relates allele frequency to genotype frequency, used in population genetics to determine allele frequency and heterozygote frequency when the incidence of a disorder is known.
AA
Aa
aA
aa
p2 homozygous normal
2pq carriers
q2 affected
(p2
+ 2pq + q2 = 1)
Observed frequency of recessive disease in population is q2 (e.g., frequency of PKU = 1/10000) q2 = 1/10 000 therefore: q = 1/100 (*this is not the carrier frequency) Since p+q=1 p = 1 – q = 1 – 1/100 = 99/100
Mendelian population