(通用版)2017高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 语法突破 专题3 介词和介词短语对点特训

高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语考点详情高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。

【命题预测】高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。

在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

【复习建议】1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。

介词的分类考向①介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.考向②常考介词的辨析介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。

但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。

1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区别例时间inonatat在一个时间点上；in在一段的时间之内；on在具体日子。

语法填空(三)（解析版）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

Test 1(2022·洛阳高三第一次模拟)Even as a young boy, Leonardo da Vinci showed promise as an artist. He trained for seven years, and then 1.____________(strike) out on his own. Afterwards, he set out 2.____________(work) for wealthy men throughout Italy. Then Leonardo began his career as a painter, but he most often worked as an engineer. One of the reasons was that Italy was 3.____________ war, and people needed engineers.After Leonardo's death, it 4.____________(discover) that he had kept many notebooks illustrating his work. Although his notebooks were popular in the royal families, none of 5.____________(they) were published until the late 19th century. Until then, few people had had any idea 6.____________ they contained.As it has turned out, his notebooks are 7.____________ amazing treasure box of drawings, such as airplanes, tanks, robots, and diving 8.____________(equip).Along with these drawings are notes 9.____________(describe) his work. Many of these notes are 10.____________(science) in nature，involving his research in many different fields. His notebooks show that he was the greatest artist and scientist of his time.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了达·芬奇的一些鲜为人知的才能和贡献以及与其笔记本有关的故事。

专题3 介词和介词短语1．(2016·四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda 67.for more than two years.【解析】“for＋时间段”表示持续一段时间。

句意：熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。

2．(2017·河北衡水中学高三摸底)My father is stout and strong, 61.with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.【解析】with a severe look(父亲)有着严肃的表情。

此处with表示“带着 (表情)”。

3．(2016·四川卷)Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.【解析】go shopping去购物，是固定搭配。

【答案】去掉on4．(2016·浙江卷)While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.【解析】on the top of在……的上面/顶端。

【答案】in→on5．(2017·广东七校联合体第一次联考)I have planned an autumn outing for my class the next week, and I'm writing to ask your permission.【解析】ask for请求，要求，是固定短语。

【答案】ask后加for百度文库是百度发布的供网友在线分享文档的平台。

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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：介词考点专题全突破+巩固训练养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

[命题热点]介词在高考英语中占有重要的位置，可以说是“小介词，大考点”。

因为介词本身含义丰富，跟不同的名词、形容词、动词搭配有着不同的意义。

从命题上看主要考点集中在：不同介词用法辨析；介词与名词、形容词、动词的搭配关系；介词在固定短语中的运用；介词表示的时态和语态意义；介词与连词的区别与联系；定语从句中的“介词+关系代词”结构；特定句型中的介词用法。

有时为了增加试题难度，命题者还会将介词的固定搭配或结构进行了变形、重组。

[介词考题展示]【考题1】（2023新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.答案与解析：by。

考查介词。

固定搭配意思是by hand“用手”，根据句意，故填by。

句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。

【考题2】（2023新高考II卷）And who do they speak English ______?答案与解析：with。

介词或介词短语1.These days,many totem poles no longer exist(30)_________________decay and rot.（2017届宝山区高考二模）2.Infinium Robotics,the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre,has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night21business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.(2017届崇明区高考二模)3.Over the years,I began to learn more(25)________my Native culture,the history and our way of life.（2017届奉贤区高考二模）4.If species go on disappearing,this can disturb many vital processes(23)______crop pollination(授粉)and the decomposition(分解)of waste.(2017届虹口区高考二模)5.It just won’t have been shared on a platform____30____the masses.(2017届黄浦区高考二模)6.The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts. Team members should be able to voice their concerns____26_____fear of offending others.（2017届嘉定区高考二模）7.The review,which was led by scientists from Columbia University in New York,also revealed that up to a third of adults didn’t have breakfast,(23)__________snacking throughout the day instead-----resulting in health risks.(2017届静安区高考二模)8.(22)_________having spent much of my life writing,I was speechless when facing this situation.(2017届闵行区高考二模)mbertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others.''We do see particularly strong declines(26)______the freshwater environment.(2017届普陀区高考二模)10.(29)________________________all the terrifying facts,however,some conservationists say there is still hope.“One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,”said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London.（2017届普陀区高考二模）11.Mr.Bing is Brian Goldberg,a New York native who,as a student in1998in Beijing,settled on his favorite(28)_________40different jianbing and purchased the recipe from a street vendor(小贩).（2017届青浦区高考二模）12.Most training is concerned(23)_____technique,for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer.(2017届徐汇区高考二模)13.A few weeks earlier,a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____encouragement for a project I was working on.(2017届杨浦区高考二模)介词或介词短语1.These days,many totem poles no longer exist(30)_________________decay and rot.（2017届宝山区高考二模）分析：介词需要根据句意，前部分中no longer exist，后部分中decay and rot(腐烂),可以得知表示因果关系，应填写because of2.Infinium Robotics,the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre,has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night21business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.(2017届崇明区高考二模)分析：for business为了生意注意区分on business,因公3.Over the years,I began to learn more(25)________my Native culture,the history and our way of life.（2017届奉贤区高考二模）分析：learn about了解，知道4.If species go on disappearing,this can disturb many vital processes(23)______crop pollination(授粉)and the decomposition(分解)of waste.(2017届虹口区高考二模)分析：横线后接名词短语，前句意为“如果物种持续消失，这种情况会打乱很多重要过程，类似庄稼授粉和垃圾分解”，processes（过程）指的内容就是横线后的crop pollination and the decomposition of waste,答案like做介词，意为“像……”5.It just won’t have been shared on a platform____30____the masses.(2017届黄浦区高考二模)分析：横线后接the+n,此处应该是介词，根据句意“这不是一个对所有人分享的平台。

专题 3 介词和介词短语Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 ( 在以下句子的空白处填上合适的介词 )1．— What about the milk of this brand?— It is at least as good as, if not superior to,_that of other brands.2． The book is intended for foreigners who want to learn about theChinese culture and history.3．— I'm too busy to go to the bank to check whether she has put the moneyin my bank account.— It's easy to check your bank account via the Internet.4．— His painting won a big prize and was purchased by a museum last week. — Yes. You know, he has a talent for painting.5． Facing an aging population, Finland hopes to maintain economic growthby making people work beyond their retirement age.6． Specific plans for emergencies, such as flooded underground projects, arenot in place although some cities have put forward plans to deal with swollen7． The G20 was created in December 1999 in response to the financial crisisto promote open and constructive discussions between rich and developing countries. 8． Tomwill deliver a speech at the graduation ceremony on behalf of our class.9． Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65 years old. 10． Three of the town's factorieshave closed down within the space of a year.11． We often hear children sing songs happily in the kindergarten across thestreet.12．— How smart you are in that suit!— Can't you see I'm thinner? I've managed to lose my weight by 10 pounds.13． Like golf, yoga is a recent arrival to China, and could be on its way tobecoming a booming business.14． Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores he's gotin each exam are always far above average.15．— What shall we prepare for our picnic this weekend?sti ll rivers.— Well, let's discuss it over lunch.16． The dress is very nice, but not to the girl's taste, for she is somehowparticular.17． Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only wayfor us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.18．The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.19． She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.20 ． Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.Ⅱ . 单句改错1 ． To be free off the noise pollution,I moved to a quiet place in the countryside.【答案】off → from2． I'm short with money, so I'm afraid to be out of work.【答案】with → of3． The house in repair dates from 1950.【答案】in →under4． The boat was in the mercy of the storm but was spotted by a passingship by accident.【答案】in →at5． He felt to ease at the sight of his son's safe return.【答案】to →at6． While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything to return.【答案】to →in7． The Scottish girl in blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.【答案】第一个 in → with8． It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life with his great wealth.【答案】with → despite9． It was a real race to time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.【答案】第一个 to → against10． A serious study of physics is impossible no some knowledge of mathematics.【答案】no→without11． Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children arealways on the way whenever she tries to.【答案】on→in12． In behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to yourcountry.【答案】In →On13． I am always delighted when I receive an e－mail from you. On regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.【答案】On→With14． An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southernisland discovered with chance a long lost antique Greek vase.【答案】with → by15． You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meantto be in life.【答案】in →for16． To all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the mostsensitive to the spoken word.【答案】To→Of17． Brown said he was by no means annoyed; in the contrary, he was glad tobe able to make himself clearly understood.【答案】in →on18． This shop will be closed for repairs to further notice.【答案】to →untilpictures of underwater valleys can be taken for color.19． With new technology,【答案】for → in20． Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you in the toughyears.【答案】in →throughⅢ . 语法填空Passage 1 ( 用合适的介词或副词填空)In the chemistry lab, because 1.of the student's carelessness,the tube crackedtime at last.In fact, it is common to have some small accidents caused 3.by carelessness.I used to enjoy cooking, so I always sought a chance to cook. However, the desireled 4.to an accident.home alone. I found it a chance to cook. I put all the foodI needed 6.into a pot. Then I had to wait 7.for it to boil. In order to kill thewaiting time, I went to watch TV. Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by awonderful programme. It was about half an hour that I remembered my food. I turned8.off the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over 9.from the pot.I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen.So we should pay attention 10.to everything we are doing to avoid accidents.体裁：叙文材：个人主：生活中注意安全篇：作者通自己的身告者在平常生活中当心省得买卖外。

2017高考英语二轮复习：介词和介词短语导学案【考纲解读】介词是英语中比较活跃的词,它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。

介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配.此外，在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。

有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond等.【预习导学】一、介词1．表示方位的at, in，on，to，beside/by和near34（1)against的用法介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。

①While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return。

（2014·浙江高考)当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报.②Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence。

On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.(2014·江西高考）自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债.知识积累介词的常用搭配一览1．介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at＋n.表示状态at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中at work 在工作（2)其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在……的开始at the cost of 以……的代价at the risk of 冒……的危险at the mercy of 在……支配下；任由……摆布(3)on＋n。

第一部分专题三Ⅰ.单句语法填空(在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词)1．—What about the milk of this brand?—It is at least as good as, if not superior to,_that of other brands.2．The book is intended for foreigners who want to learn about the Chinese culture and history.3．—I'm too busy to go to the bank to check whether she has put the money in my bank account.—It's easy to check your bank account via the Internet.4．—His painting won a big prize and was purchased by a museum last week.—Yes. You know, he has a talent for painting.5．Facing an aging population, Finland hopes to maintain economic growth by making people work beyond their retirement age.6．Specific plans for emergencies, such as flooded underground projects, are still not in place although some cities have put forward plans to deal with swollen rivers.7．The G20 was created in December 1999 in response to the financial crisis to promote open and constructive discussions between rich and developing countries.8．Tom will deliver a speech at the graduation ceremony on behalf of our class.9．Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65 years old.10．Three of the town's factories have closed down within the space of a year.11．We often hear children sing songs happily in the kindergarten across the street.12．—How smart you are in that suit!—Can't you see I'm thinner? I've managed to lose my weight by 10 pounds.13．Like golf, yoga is a recent arrival to China, and could be on its way to becoming a booming business.14．Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores he's got in each exam are always far above average.15．—What shall we prepare for our picnic this weekend?—Well, let's discuss it over lunch.16．The dress is very nice, but not to the girl's taste, for she is somehow particular.17．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.18．The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.19．She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.20．Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.Ⅱ.单句改错1．To be free off the noise pollution, I moved to a quiet place in the countryside.【答案】off→from2．I'm short with money, so I'm afraid to be out of work.【答案】with→of3．The house in repair dates from 1950.【答案】in→under4．The boat was in the mercy of the storm but was spotted by a passing ship by accident.【答案】in→at5．He felt to ease at the sight of his son's safe return.【答案】to→at6．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything to return.【答案】to→in7．The Scottish girl in blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.【答案】第一个in→with8．It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life with his great wealth.【答案】with→despite9．It was a real race to time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.【答案】第一个to→against10．A serious study of physics is impossible no some knowledge of mathematics.【答案】no→without11．Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always on the way whenever she tries to.【答案】on→in12．In behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.【答案】In→On13．I am always delighted when I receive an e－mail from you. On regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.【答案】On→With14．An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered with chance a long lost antique Greek vase.【答案】with→by15．You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be in life.【答案】in→for16．To all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.【答案】To→Of17．Brown said he was by no means annoyed; in the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.【答案】in→on18．This shop will be closed for repairs to further notice.【答案】to→until19．With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken for color.【答案】for→in20．Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you in the tough years.【答案】in→throughⅢ.语法填空Passage 1(用适当的介词或副词填空)In the chemistry lab, because 1.of the student's carelessness, the tube cracked and the liquid in it caused a fire on the table. Fortunately, I put it out 2.in time at last.In fact, it is common to have some small accidents caused 3.by carelessness. I used to enjoy cooking, so I always sought a chance to cook. However, the desire led 4.to an accident.Once I stayed 5.at home alone. I found it a chance to cook. I put all the food I needed 6.into a pot. Then I had to wait 7.for it to boil. In order to kill the waiting time, I went to watch TV. Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by a wonderful programme. It was about half an hour that I remembered my food. I turned 8.off the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over 9.from the pot. I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen.So we should pay attention 10.to everything we are doing to avoid accidents.体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：生活中注意安全语篇导读：作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉读者在日常生活中应该处处小心以免发生意外。

精品基础教育教学资料，仅供参考，需要可下载使用！高考英语二轮复习语法突破：介词一、介词（短语）语法题答题技巧：固定搭配：动词+介词；介词+名词；形容词+介词语境分析：介词基本语意及用法二、介词基本用法：1.表示地点、位置的介词1) “在……”at 在小地点He arrived at the station at ten.在……附近，旁边He is sitting at the table.in 在大地点He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.在…范围之内Jilin lies in the northeast of China.on 毗邻，接壤Russia lies on the north of China.to 在……范围外Korea is to the northeast of China.off 离…不远；The boat was anchored off the coast.2)“上/下”垂直不垂直相接触在……上over above on在……下under below beneath Eg. The bird is flying above my head.There is a stone bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.He stuck his phone beneath the table to avoid being found by the teacher.温度、高度速度、年龄高于, 多于above over低于, 少于below underEg. The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.This place is below sea level.There are over forty students in the classroom.It took us under an hour to prepare for the coming meeting.3）across/through “穿过”She ran across the road.He walked through the forest.4）in/on “在…上”The apples on the tree seem to have been ripe.The bird in the tree seems to be singing.The little boy burst into tears because a ball happened to hit him on the nose. (头，额，鼻，耳，肩，腿，颈)You shouldn’t hit anyone in the face. (脸，眼，嘴，腹)2.表示时间的介词1) in , on，at “在……时”in >一天世纪、朝代、年、季节、月注：泛指早午晚in the 1950s, in summer, in January, in one’s life , in one’s thirtieson =一天具体某一天及其早、午、晚on May 1st, on Monday, on my birthdayon a cold night, on Sund ay afternoonat <一天某一时刻或较短暂的时间注：at (mid)night, at noon at 3:20, at this time of year at this moment, at the end of注：节日中如含有day, 介词用on；如含有festival，常用at；on New Year’s Day, on Children’s Dayat the Spring Festival，at Christmas,注：时间名词前有last, next, this, that, these, those，some, any, every, each, one, all等词时，前面不用介词。

知识点一、表示时间的介词1．in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段时间之内。

通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如：in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in one's thirties，in the morning等。

(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。

如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。

(3)at表示在一个时间点上。

指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。

如：at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。

(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。

如：David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。

如：He went to Japan last year.We meet every day.2．in，after(1)“in＋一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。

如：My mother will come back in three or four days.(2)“after＋一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。

如：He arrived after five months.(3)“after＋具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。

如：She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.The rain began to fall after seven.3．from，since，for(1)from后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。

第三讲介词与介词短语单句语法填空1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.2．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.3．(2015·广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.4．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.5．(2014·广东高考语法填空)I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.6．(2014·辽宁高考语法填空)Don’t laugh at me. I may look funny.一、介词1．表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near介词用法示例at 一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内They arrived in Beijing yesterday.Shandong Province lies in the eastof China.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Vietnam is on the south of China.to 表示某范围外不接壤的两位置Jiangsu Province is to the southeastof Hebei Province.beside/by“在……的旁边”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.near “接近；靠近”There is a supermarket near my home.介词用法示例7．表示“用……”的by, in和with(1)against的用法介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。