情态动词和虚拟语气2018年高考英语答题技巧及练习

情态动词和虚拟语气高考中英语里常出现的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。

在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。

高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。

情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。

新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。

考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。

试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。

考点1 情态动词基本含义的考查情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。

【典例】The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. was able toD. could【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的基本含义。

had to：不得不；would：表示意愿或过去常常；could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力；was able to表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。

因此，答案是C。

【典例】—Jim is very sick these days.He coughs so badly,—In my opinion, he really ____ listen to the doctor and cut down on smoking.A.shouldB.canC.mayD.need【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。

句意：——吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止。

第3讲情态动词与虚拟语气1．________ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江苏，22) A．It were B．Were itC．It was D．Was it答案 B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。

此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。

2．Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017·北京，21) A．must B．shouldC．can D．need答案 C解析句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。

此处表示能力，要用can。

must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。

3．If the new safety system _________ to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017·北京，34) A．had been put B．were putC．should be put D．would be put答案 A解析句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。

此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。

4．My room is a mess，but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017·天津，2) A．daren’t B．shouldn’tC．needn’t D．mustn’t答案 C解析句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。

情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。

虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。

一、情态动词表推测的用法体事实的判断it be? B:It maybe ourheadmaster. A: Itcan’t behim. Hehas gonetoShanghai. B: Itmust beMr.Wang.He lookslike ourheadmaster.②Thatmay notbe true.③Hemust/may/might/can/could have donehavediscovered thetruth.注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。

如：—When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrowafternoon.—They ________ be ready by 12：00.A．can B．should C．might D．need【解析】B A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。

C项表示推测语气不太肯定。

should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。

二、情态动词的其他用法1．can, could, may, might2.must, should3. need, dare4.shall/will/would4.shall/will/would4.shall/will/would二、情态动词＋have done四、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

专题6 情态动词与虚拟语气〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空导学号 580828531．The only thing that I could do was that I wished her a long life.解析：句意：我唯一能做的事情是希望她能长寿。

所填词表示能力，此处要表达我唯一“能”做的，而且根据wished判断句子应该用一般过去时，所以填could。

2．Since you have such good preparations, there should not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.解析：句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。

根据since 提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示“按理说应该发生”的，故本空填情态动词should。

3．It has been accepted that all the students shall put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.解析：句意：为防止学生感染流感病毒，学生们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一点大家都已接受。

在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。

4．Now I would like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.解析：句意：如果你愿意的话，现在我想让你看一些照片。

I would like to do...是固定句式，意为“我想做……”。

5．Anyone can be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”．解析：句意：任何人都会有困难的时候，无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。

1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.2．(2015·新课标Ⅰ)We must found ways to protect our environment.3．(2015·四川)If you are me，would you talk to them?1．(2016·浙江，15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS­related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.2．(2016·浙江，17)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.3．(2016·北京，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me，I could have helped.4．(2015·北京，29)—Can't you stay a little longer?—It's getting late.I really ________go now.My daughter is home alone.5．(2015·福建，27)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.—Oh，it's too bad.You ________have made full preparations.6．(2015·陕西，23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ______(dance)as well as her.7．(2015·天津，7)I ________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.8．(2015·天津，13)I wish I ________(be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.9．(2015·重庆，12)You ________ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.10．(2014·湖南，25)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.—Do you mean we ________ not bring anything with us?11．(2014·福建，32)______(be)there no modern telecommunications, we wouldhave to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.12．(2014·陕西)We would rather our daughter ________(stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.13．(2014·重庆，13)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I________(do)it?14．(2014·陕西，25)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who ________ have taken it?15．(2014·四川，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________(will)take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2015·四川，2)You ________ be careful with the camera.It costs!(2014·广西)So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.(2015·安徽，32)It is lucky we booked a room，or we________(have)nowhere to stay now.1．(2016·湖南衡阳八中二模)It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.1．(2015·河南洛阳第一次统考)The only thing that I ________ do was that I wished her a long life.2．(2015·浙江温州八校高三联考)Since you have such good preparations，there ________ not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.3．(2015·江西师大附中等五校联考)It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.4．(2015·山西太原高三二诊)There was a little mouse staying at home all day.I ________ go out，even at night.5．(2014·甘肃会宁五中第三次月考)I have her telephone number.You ________ call her if you like.6．(2014·河北衡水中学高三六调)I think something ________ have happened to Jill.7．(2014·新疆师大附中12月月考)Some students prefer to consider majors first so that they ________ learn what they are interested in.8．(2014·辽宁大连六校期末联考)His doctor told him not to smoke any more，but he ________ listen.9．(2014·甘肃白银会宁五中11月月考)Now I ________ like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.10．(2014·安徽六校教研会联考)Anyone ________ be in a rough life time，whether he is “Bai Fumei”or “Gao Fushuai”．一、 can ，couldAlthough he is only four ，he can play the piano.Can I use your computer for a while?—Could I borrow your bicycle?—Yes ，you can./No ，you can't.That can't be Mary ，for she is in hospital.can 有时也用于肯定句，表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。

专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气2018年高考题1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。

It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。

但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。

试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。

） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。

）2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。

本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。

故选A。

点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。

由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气一、选择题1．—You didn't wait for Mr.Black last night, did you?—No, but we ________.He didn't return home at all.A．couldn't have B．needn't haveC．didn't need to D．should wait have2．Tom hasn't come to work since last Friday.________ he have had an accident？A．Must B．Should C．May D．Can【答案】D 【解析】疑问句的推测常可用can，一般不用must / may。

3.—How did you do in the test?—Not so well.I ________ much better but I misread the directions for writing.A．will have done B．could have doneC．must have done D．may have done【答案】B 【解析】but所表达的是一种含蓄条件，由其后的过去时态可知此处该用“could＋完成时”的虚拟形式。

4．She quickened her pace in order that she ________ with the others.A．may catch up B．might catch upC．could have caught up D．might have caught up【答案】B 【解析】这是目的状语从句，由主句的过去时态可知此空该用情态动词的过去时。

5．If it were not for the fact that she ________ sing, I would invite her to the party.A．couldn't B．shouldn'tC．can't D．might not【答案】C 【解析】“她不能唱歌”是一客观事实，所以用现在时。

专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气2018年高考题1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。

It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。

但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。

试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。

） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。

）2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。

本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。

故选A。

点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。

由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

情态动词与虚拟语气用法一．情态动词主要特征：1）不能单独作谓语，只能和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语；2）没有人称和数的变化，时态也只限于一般现在时和一般过去3）后面接动词原形，即不带to的不定式；二．情态动词的基本用法1.must（1）“必须，一定，得”，表示的是命令性的语气。

Eg.You must hand in your composition today.*回答must引起的一般疑问句，如果是否定意思，常用needn't。

Eg.-Must I come at four o'clock?？-Oh, no, you needn't come at four.。

*用mustn't 则表示“禁止”。

Eg.Cars mustn't park in front of the entrance.（2）表示“偏要，硬要”做某事。

表示与说话人的意愿相反和不耐烦的语气Eg.As I was about to start to work, the telephone must ring.must 与have to区分：must更强调说话者的主观意愿；have to则强调客观上的必要性，常译为“不得不”，而have to可以有多种时态变化。

2.can（1）表示能力。

Eg.I can swim across the river when I was young.（2）表示客观（理论）上的可能性，用于肯定句中。

Eg.Anybody can make mistakes.（3）表示请求和允许，怀疑多用于否定与疑问结构中：Eg.-Can I go now? -Yes, you can.Can the news be true?重点短语：1)cannot but do sth. 表示“不得不，只好”Eg.I cannot but choose to go with them.2)cannot/ can never...enough/too表示“再......也不为过”：Eg.You cannot be too careful to cross the road.3)can not help but do, can not help doing 表示“不得不”“禁不住”：Eg.The girl couldn't help but live on herself.3.may（1）表示可能，意为“或许，也许”Eg.She may come to your birthday party tomorrow.（2）表示允许、许可。