高二(下)选修八 Unit 2 语法同位语从句

格式：ppt
大小：411.50 KB
文档页数：81

下载文档原格式

/ 81

人教版高中英语选修8 名师语法：同位语与同位语从句

名师语法：同位语与同位语从句同位语：语法学名词。

指实际语言运用中，两个表示相同的人或事物的语言片段在一起连用时，起解释说明作用的那个语言片段。

比如“周恩来总理是人民热爱的好总理。

”和“我国的首都北京是一座历史名城。

”两个句子中，“总理”和“我国的首都”就是同位语，它们的作用是分别对“周恩来”和“北京”（语法学上叫本位语）加以解释说明。

同位语不同于语法学上的定语，它和本位语之间一定不能加“的”。

同位语是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的。

它可以是单词、短语或从句。

同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后。

这些名词包括：fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question 等。

这类从句通常由that引导，有时也可用what, why, whether, when等引导。

在阅读和翻译的时候，要特别注意的是同位语和它的本位语分割的情况。

这种情况通常是为了保持句子的平衡而出现的。

在翻译的时候，这种分割成分的译法比较灵活，可将其提前，也可不提前，还可以增加“即”，或是用冒号、破折号等分开。

1. At the same time, the American Law Institute——a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight——issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.分析：the American Law Institute后面跟了一个同位语a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight，用破折号隔开了。

高二英语选修8学案：语法解读Unit2Cloning含解析

四、语法解读名词性从句之二同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，它是中学英语学习的重点语法项目，也是历年高考英语试题中的重要考点。

在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面：（一）同位语从句在句中的位置1。

一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea，fact，promise,hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表示的具体内容。

如:The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you off this afternoon。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

如：The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home。

The story goes that he failed in the college entrance examinations again.（二）同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往有限定词加以修饰（word除外）。

如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come？Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.Word came that China launched its second manned spaceship on Oct.12,（2005.（三）同位语从句连接词的选用引导同位语从句的词通常有连词代词that，who;连词whether；连接副词how,when where等。

选修八,Unit 2,语法：同位语从句

4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. whichB. thatC./D. it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. thatC. whatD./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
I will never forget the day when I worked there.
【真题剖析】
(江西名校信息卷)The moment ________ Leo will neverforget is ________ Mr.Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.
(3)当when, why, where和how引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词，在它们前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因意义的名词作先行词。
He can answer the question how oxygen is joined with other elements.
解析：as expected相当于as was expected，是插入成分。that引导的同位语从句修饰the news。
答案：B
【达标检测】
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.

12高二英语人教版选修8-unit2-Cloning-Grammar-课件

第10页，共17页。
1.The news that there are no lives
on the moon is known to us all.
( 同位语从句 ) 2.The news that you heard is not
true. ( 定语从句 )
3.Have you any idea who he went
3.用法: 常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason thought/order/ doubt/news/hope truth/belief …
4.连词 that/whether/who/ which
what/when/where/why/how
第3页，共17页。
连接词that引导的同位语从句 that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用.
第16页，共17页。
5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people. The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.
2. I have no ideawh_i_c_h___ one I should choose. (定语)
第6页，共17页。
连接词副词when/where/why/how 引导的同位语从句
1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.
2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿.
1.I’ve got a good idweahy_____ they
with? ( 同位语从句 ) 4.Is there any hope that they will

人教版高中英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning-语法篇(教师版)

第4讲Cloning 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握同位语从句的结构与功能；2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。

一. 概述：同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

二.同位语从句的功能1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.whethereg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor3.连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which1)I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2)I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.3)The question who will take his place is still not clear.三. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

人教课标版高中英语选修8Unit2GrammarPPT课堂课件(25页)

known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact __A_ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news __B_ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _B__ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D. it
The news that l have passed the exam is true． (同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)
The news that he told me just now is true. (定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息)
有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。
1. He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
3)、whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
4)、从词义角度看 who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。从搭配角度看 who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：先行词是 “人”，引导词用“who”等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是 “question, idea, doubt等”。

2020年高考英语复习《选修八 Unit 2 Cloning》：that引导的同位语从句

2020年高考英语复习《选修八Unit 2 Cloning》：that引导的同位语
从句
(1)that
a．同位语从句中表“是否”用whether不用if
b．特殊疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，注意从句用陈述语序
(2)that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别：
同位语从句：that仅起连接词的作用，对前面的名词进行补充说明，无意义，不能省略定语从句：that一方面起引导从句的作用，另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语、表语
(3)常见的后接同位语从句的名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear等
①The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被回复。

②I have no idea when the meeting will be held.
我不知道这次会议何时举行。

③The news that our football team had won the match was encouraging.
我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。

④The news (that) he told us was not true.
他告诉我们的消息不是真的。

第1 页共1 页。

人教课标版高中英语选修8Unit 2同位语从句 (共17张PPT)

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------人教课标版高中英语选修8Unit 2同位语从句(共17张PPT)---- 同位语从句 1. Jim, my deskmate, loves playing basketball. 句句 1 中的Jim 和my deskmate 指的是_____________ 所以my deskmate 是Jim 的_____________ 句句2 中的our head teacher 和Mr. Liu 指的是____________ 所以Mr. Liu 是our head teacher 的____________ 2. If you want to leave, you must get the permission of our head teacher ， Mr. Liu. 小结：同位语是________________________________ 一、画横线两部分是什么关系，在句中充当什么成分。

同一个人同位语同一个人同位语对一个名词或代词进行说明或者解释的成分 2. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 1. I don t know about the fact that he is a teacher. 3. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 句子中的同位语成分不是词组，而是________, 对前面的_____ 名词进行解释、_____ 的从句称其为_____________ 小结：二、找出句子中被解释说明的名词/ 代词，以及其同位语。

高二选修8同位语从句课件

同位语从句
A：The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
定语从句
B：The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
（should） walk
3.My mother gives me an order that I must get up should 或者去掉must early.
规律三：有些名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词应该用虚拟语气： “should+动词原形”
名词有，suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、 require、insist 、 request、command、order 等
that 从句是对“消息”的限定
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
Leslie killed 规律一：同位语从句中的语序要用陈述句语序。
找出下列句子的错误，并总结规律。
1.There is some doubt if he will keep his word. whether
There is no doubt that he will keep his word.

高中(人教)英语选修8课件：unit 2 section 4

◆ 遣词造句 1．词汇： ①优势 ____________________ ②增进友谊 ____________________ ③与……相处 ____________________ ④使某人为……做好准备 ____________________ ⑤至于 ____________________ ⑥致力于；专心于 ____________________ ⑦打扰 ____________________ ⑧总的说来 ____________________
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。 This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 Our teacher gave us the suggestion where we should have our summer holidays. 我们的老师就我们该去哪里度暑假提出了建议。
2．同位语从句的引导词
that 只起连接作用，无任何意义，一般不省略
whether
是否whenBiblioteka 什么时候where
什么地点
how
什么方式
why
为什么
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there. 他还没有作出决定是否去那里。 Many parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.很多父母都持有这样的观点：青少年不应该花太多时间上网。 I have no idea why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. 我不知道他为什么没有参加昨天的会议。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

where, whether, what等。
e.g. The hope that he may recover is
not gone yet.
The problem whether we should continue
to do the experiment has been solved.
I have no idea when he will come back.
二. 单项填空
1. My performance in the driving test didn’t
reach the required standard, _____ C , I failed.
A. in the end C. in other words B. after all D. at the same time
7) 由or引导 The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which
water freezes under ordinary pressure.
结冰温度即冰点，是水在常压下结冰
时的温度。
练习(一)
一. 指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。 1. There is going to be a Chinese film tonight. (表语 ) 2. She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( 谓语 ) 3. Her wish is to become a teacher. (表语)
I. 把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。
1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
⑷ 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: ① 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象
的也有不抽象的。
We express the hope that they will come to visit
③ 由when引导
I have no idea when they will go.
⑶ 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说),
in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。 He told us the good news, namely, the museum
China again. (同位语从句)
Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)
② 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；
定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上
的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
The news that they won the match is true.
4. He, my brother, managed to finish the work in time. (同位语 ) 5. Tom came to ask me for advice. ( 状语 ) 6. We found it important to learn English. (形式宾语 ) 7. Do you have anything else to wash? ( 定语 )
The that she later developed
a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
② 由whether 引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.
2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./ We heard
the news last night. We heard the news last night that
the Queen of England was on a
8. To be honest, your writing isn’t so good. ( 插入语 ) 9. Would you please tell me your name?
( 间接宾语、直接宾语 )
10. They noticed a man enter the room.
( 宾语补足语 )
gone yet.
The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.
第二个my改为mine 2. They paid no attention to the doctor’s advice they should stop smoking. 在they前加that of my.
2. 同位语从句 the Appositive clause
(1) 同位语从句的定义
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。
2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____ B I will
always treasure. (NMET2002)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
三. 单句改错
1. On my way home I met an old friend
(同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系)
The news that you told us yesterday is true.
(定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)
The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us. (同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)
four-day visit in china.
3. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much
time online. / Many Chinese parents
hold the view. Many Chinese parents hold the view
that teenagers shouldn’t spend too
⑤ 从引导词来看: 引导词that在同位语从句中是连词, 只起连接作用, 无具体词义, that 不可省略; that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分—主语或宾语，有具体词义, 作宾语时还可以省略。例如： a) The factory ______ (that) we visited yesterday 定语从句 is a chemical one. that he will leave for b) The news ______ Shanghai is true. 同位语从句
注意:
同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.
⑵ 同位语从句的表现形式: ① 由that引导 The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not
5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。
6) 由of引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从2000年以来，北京市发生了很大的变化。
Unit 2 Cloning
Learning about Language
选修八
语法讲解
1. 同位语 the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于
名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和
情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性
短语或从句充当。
同位语的表现形式有以下几种： 1) 名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 2) 代词 I myself will do the experiment. 3) 数词 She is the oldest among them six. 4) 从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。