下载文档原格式
GRE作文分类题库---ISSUE一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer." 【5】一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。
国家统一和地区单独安排课程2．Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.【9】近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。
除非学者们能拥有影响等大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。
过分专业化问题3. A school or college should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts.【32】不管在校园外不同领域之间薪水的差异有多大，学校对于所有学科老师的待遇应该是一视同仁的。
1.mental 的需要，才会去欣赏艺术。
科学家的成就，资金也很多来自于人们的taxwelfare更好。
2.反：a。
well-being难以衡量。
所以比拟不公平。
有的人觉得吃饱就是好，有的人还要求精神境界的提高。
B。
还有别的很多方面，比方说城市的建设，比方说各种系统的完善，教育系统等等。
人民对政府的信任程度。
The level to which thecitizens trust the leader.3.合：是一个方面，但是还有别的。
104-107 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.1.正：1.在很多领域领导是所有人学习的对象model or idol，对人们尤其是孩子有引导作用，因为他们在人们心中是几乎完美的形象，人们选他就是因为他道德的崇高，这种情况下正：比方：校长或者其他教育机构的领导，他们面向的对象很多是孩子，孩子们的价值观很多还没有fully developed，很容易受到影响，尤其是偶像的。
所以。
2.在有些领域好的道德能够促进开展，坏的道德会造成不好。
比方political干好事业，能够为人民着想。
2.反：1.在很多行业并没有要求很高的道德，只要符合法律即可。
看中的是能力。
能力好才能将这个机构带动起来，领导的根本目的不是自己本身的个人精神的喧哗，而是整个集体利益的提升。
比方商业，一个商人的好坏在于他能不能够做大生意，能不能够洞悉市场供求关系的变化及时作出决策，而不在于道德。
只要不违法即可。
2.过度强调道德会使得办事死板，不会随机应变。
道德在一定程度上是对人能力的束缚，highest的束缚就更大了。
人们本来应该可以发挥出的，结果束缚了发挥不出，本来可以解决的问题不能解决了，本来可以做的更好的只是做的一般。
3.要分行业。
能力也是关键。
5,7,19,31,50,55,60,63-67,69,80-88,86-116-139,115,125,86-50-115-139 Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgement.1.听群众的：a。
人民的利益是政府官员首先要考虑的，官员们是为人民服务的。
他们是人民养的。
他们制定一切法律，行驶责任的目的都是为了更好的服务人民，让人民的生活更好。
B。
人民分布在国家的各个角落，能够更好的反应真实情况。
而officals因为职位的特殊性，没有时间和机会去真正的走进人民的生活，即使走进了，也不一定能够看到真实的一面。
比如一个官员要去一个district视察人民生活的情况，那个地方的负责人person in charge为了留下好印象，就将一些vagrant 赶出这个地方。
那么official就看不到真实情况了。
2.听政府的：a。
他们有专业的知识和技能，他们经过了专业的培训，经过了竞争，有头脑和判断的能力。
能够对整体的情况做好把握，分析利害关系然后坐出租正确的决策。
而群众的专业知识有限，很多时候只能看到表面现象，提议建议不专业，没有可行性。
B。
群众分布广，来自不同的地区和阶层，他们的提议只能反映自身的需求，不具有代表性，同时不同的区域和阶层的利益会有冲突，那么提议也就会有冲突。
所以如果听人民的就会造成混乱，不有助与社会稳定。
3.合：听取意见，再运用自己的知识。
63-67 There is little justification for a society to make extraordinary efforts----especially at a great cost in money and jobs---to save endangered animals or plant species.1.正：a.很多animals和plant是因为自然界的优胜劣汰，natural selection才会面临endanger的，他们由于不能够适应自然环境，不能够有效的being not able to reproduce，不能找到lack of food，或者由于predator而面临endanger，这些都是自然evolution的趋势，人不能够去人为的干涉，人不应该阻挡自然进程。
ISSUE新题库翻译&重题合并&范文GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 003 / 035 / 037Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
Position:有保留的反对不同意作者的观点，人应该按照自己的理想和兴趣选择自己的学习方向；但是有些时候教师的建议，也是值得考虑的。
1、由于老师不可能对每个人的性格特点都了解清楚，所以对一个学生未来职业的选择的建议也不一定是客观的。
2、就算老师很了解一个人的特点，但是人是会变的。
通过在学习过程，不断改变自己，很有可能把那么自己不是原来不是很擅长但是很喜欢的工作做好。
3、但是，老师毕竟经验比较丰富，做出的判断也往往是合适的。
所以，我们应该多听听老师的意见，然后加上自己的思考，作出自己的选择。
General statement:教育机构对学生的未来负有责任，应该尽可能的去帮助学生取得成功。
Thesis statement:帮助学生取得成功是教育机构的责任。
但是教育机构在帮助学生的过程中，应该更多的考虑学生自己对兴趣和对未来的选择，提出建议而不是力劝学生离开他们认为不可能成功的领域。
Development: 教育机构对学生的未来富有责任。
教育机构很难以区分某些学生在某些领域是不太可能取得成功的。
某些领域，可能目前来看不是成功的领域，但是若干年以后可能成功。
应该更多的考虑学生自己的兴趣。
兴趣才是成功的关键。
Giving a few second on interesting matter is better the spending an hours for boring issue”. It’s human’s tendency to work attentively and alertly on the issue which is of his interest and keeping him self away from annoying topic, even if it has been suggested and advised by many people. Interest and likeness of person matters a lot in his life.Every one likes to work in the field of interest and if we talk about students then they prefer the subject and faculty of their interest. In case of some students, they get confused in deciding that what is of their interest and what they choose for they expertisment. Availability of many option leads to this short of situation.After completing the secondary school education, it become very tough for students to select their main subject as a career option. As in their previous study there may be more then one subjects in which they are interested. So in this stage many influences effects on their thinking. What their colleagues are selecting as their field of further study, advices from parents and other relatives etc. take them to divert from their field of interest and catch up in any regardless field.This is where the Educational institution can come in picture and helps out the future of the country. Teachers and professors in education institutes has better vision to understand the interest of the students and guide them in proper way. And it has been reviewed that students consider their teachers advices more compare to other.Every one knows that “youth is the power of country”. To guide them in proper way is essential requirement for each country. If one intelligent student enters in the filed in which he should not be then he can not bring out from that situation and put him in proper place. In that case he works, but not with heartand interest. And this mistake become mater of repentance for him for whole life. And no gain in the development of the country become possible from him.So it is crucial for Educational institutes to help out student to lead them in appropriate future. There must be separate department in each institute to handle this stuff of guiding the students with highly qualified teachers. They should arrange Vocational guidance session to let the student to understand the filed of their interest and get information about there likeness. They must set arrangement to keep the students from being away from influences and listening words off heart towards their likeness. It also requires to give training to the teachers for this purpose.Without Acquiring the youth of country in proper manner, progress of the country is not possible And Educational institutes are the main source to lead the student in the field of their interest and likeness. So they have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 006 / 014 / 096 / 116A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
考满分GRE作文系列（1）新GRE Issue题库（2016-06-22更新）写在前面的话新GRE写作题库，在2015年10月份更新之后，目前Issue共152篇，Argument 共177篇。
最好的备考方式，理应是对每道题进行思考、提纲，再精选20-30道题进行全文练习。
写作部分完整的备考时间以1-1.5个月为宜。
当然如果你时间不够，那么请努力搜寻另一份文档《考满分备考GRE作文系列（4）-最新高频题》。
因为不少同学已经懒到不愿意上官网下载题库了，所以我们当了一回搬运工。
从官网上下载全部题目后，又按顺序进行了编号和翻译，翻译仅供参考。
各位在考前无论如何一定要熟读题库！一定要熟读题库！一定要熟读题库！最后，也不能免俗的，祝各位有幸看到这份文档的同学，梦想成真，生活幸福：）ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。
英语考试作文新GRE写作ISSUE题库中英文对照及分类整理之教育类虽然新GRE考试的官方机构ETS在官方上公开了写作部分的题库，但由于其数量众多，考生要全部练习一遍相当费时费力。
对于官方题库，如何使用才能最大程度的节约复习时间提高复习效率?为大家整理了其中ISSUE类作文题目，并根据编号进行了中英文对照和分类，希望能对各位考生的作文复习有所帮助。
新GRE考试ISSUE题库中英对照分类整理(教育类题目)题目编号：3/35/37/137题目内容：阻止学生不太可能成功的研究3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely tosucceed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
137 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE简介在GRE考试中，Issue是指议题写作，与Argument类似都是GRE Analytical Writing的一部分，需要候选人对给出的话题进行阐述和分析。
Issue是更具有主观性的考试内容，需要候选人充分表达自己的观点，谈及丰富的经验和事例支持论证，并且要注意措辞合理、思路清晰、结构紧凑。
在本文档中，我们将提供一些Issue题库，这些议题涵盖了社会科学、艺术、哲学等多个领域，通过研究这些经典话题，准备GRE写作中的Issue将变得更加得心应手。
Issue题库社会科学Politic and Government1. A government should invest funds in the arts to ensure that it canflourish and be available to all people.2.Some people claim that political decision-making process indemocracies is too slow to response to climate changes. Do you agree ordisagree?3.The government should provide healthcare to all citizens regardlessof their ability to pay for it.Education4.The purpose of college or university education is to help students tosucceed in future career. Do you agree or disagree?5.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively andcritically. Do you agree or disagree?6.Some people believe that the most important goal of education is tohelp people to learn to be happy on their own. Do you agree or disagree?Culture7.The most important way to preserve ancient historical sites is to makethem available to the public, to have them constantly used and thus alive.8.Museums and art galleries should focus on the works of art that arerepresentative of the cultural history of their own country rather than theworks of art that are from different parts of the world.9.It is important for people to celebrate the ceremonies and festivals oftheir own culture rather than those of other cultures.艺术Music and Film10.Artistic disciplines, such as music, theater, and film, are valuable onlywhen they contribute to the larger society.11.The purpose of music is to make us feel good. Do you agree ordisagree?12.The best way to appreciate music is simply to listen to it.Literature and Writing13. A person should never make an important decision alone.14.The best way to learn about life is through personal experience.15.Argue for and/or against the use of digital devices in literary analysis.哲学Morality and Ethics16.Morality depends on the individual.17.The ultimate goal of human beings is not happiness, but knowledge.18.To be an ethical person, one must take into consideration the contextof the situation.Knowledge and Reasoning19.Innovation should always be welcomed, even if it is leading towardsunethical practices.cation is more than simply acquiring knowledge; it is aboutlearning to think for oneself.21.The ultimate goal of philosophical inquiry is not knowledge, but action.总结以上便是我们为大家提供的GRE英语写作的Issue题库，这些话题涵盖了众多领域，如政治、文化、教育、艺术和哲学等。
44-75-84Claim：It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.因为经过媒体的审查的人的名声最终都会下降，所以活着的人不会是英雄。
1.正：a。
媒体为了自己的profits，总是尝试寻找一些attractive和unique的东西，英雄的好形象已经大家都知道，那么就去挖掘一些英雄不太好的东西。
也就会破坏英雄的美好形象。
由于大多数人认为英雄应该是完美的，所以i不能接受英雄的negative news，会觉得失望。
英雄的reputation就会be diminished。
B.人们都知道媒体习惯exaggerate好人好事，所以对报道的英雄事迹都会抱有怀疑的态度。
所以看到了英雄事迹i都会怀疑这些事迹是不是真的，是不是英雄的炒作。
导致潜意识里对英雄的反感。
2.反：a。
人们对英雄的定义也许不是那么苛刻，认为英雄不应该有瑕疵，但是实际上英雄很多情况下是指在某一个特殊领域上有特殊贡献的人。
他们也是普通人也会犯错，人们要允许他犯错，接受媒体爆出的他的错误，并且并不妨碍把他看做是英雄。
例子：b。
媒体也可以造就英雄。
人总要通过媒体了解外面的世界，很多英雄事迹也是通过媒体报道的。
媒体的作用就是传播信息，让消息的传播能够不受物理距离的阻碍，人们能够知晓天下事。
很多人正是因为媒体报道了他们的伟大事迹，才为人们所熟知。
如果没有媒体，可能很多英雄即使做出了伟大的举动也不会为人所知。
所以说一定程度上媒体能够造就英雄。
（C，即使媒体监视，他们也有可能去挖掘一些历史上名人的丑闻，没有理由说明他们的监视仅仅止步于对当代英雄的监视，那么如果按照题目的逻辑来说，岂不是所有的英雄都不会存在了。
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版GRE写作提纲Issue完整版1、As people rely on 表态+论述观点：中立偏否定1、科技确实对人有巨大帮助，减轻了人的思维负担：a、电子计算器帮助人们完成复杂计算，推动数学及相关领域发展;b、电脑由于其强大的功能可以被应用在几乎所有领域，成为人们思考和解决问题的重要工具;c、科技使得人们的研究领域大为扩展，同时拓展了人类的思维(intellection)和认知(perception)2、不得不说，很多情况下科技确实造成人类独立思维能力的下降：a、依赖计算器完成简单计算，运算能力下降;b、便利的科技造成人们懒于思考，而习惯于通过技术手段求助;c、通讯技术发展造成交流形式快速化，交流能力减退3、尽管如此，采用科技仍然利大于弊(outweigh)：a、科技确实减退了人类某些方面的思维能力，但主要集中在重复性(accurate)和精确性(precise)的领域，而独立思维寻求解决方法的能力并不受影响，反而被提升;b、部分能力下降相对于获得的实际利益和扩展人类的思维空间是值得的;c、科技本身没有错，很多时候是由于我们过度或不当的运用结论：尽管科技对人类思维的不良影响将持续讨论，我仍然认为只要我们正确运用科技，其弊端是可以削弱的，而优点则会极大地使我们受益。
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版2、To understand the most important characteristic表态+论述观点：偏否定1、不可否认，主要城市某些程度上可以代表一个国家及其社会的特性：a、主要城市往往是一个社会最强大繁华的地区，其特性影响了这个社会的特性，比如伦敦设计师偏爱格子型花纹(plaid)，逐渐成为英国特色;b、由于主要城市往往汇聚了来自全国的人士，则各地特色的融合形成了该城市的特色，进而代表了该国社会的特色2、然而，这种代表性(representativeness)正在逐渐消退a、当今全球化程度日趋提高造成代表性下降，各国社会的主要城市逐渐趋同(skyscrapers)，丧失独特个性;b、另一方面，某一社会各个地区发展程度差异很大，尤其在许多developing country造成主要城市反而成为特例，如中国，北京、上海等城市的繁华不能说明中国的发达，许多乡村地区非常落后3、事实上，由于主要城市代表性的下降，我们很难仅仅通过研究他们理解社会特性，而要针对不同社会的实际情况进行选择。
1.保证：assurance/guarantee一.作文重点题目➢社会与自然：Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.社会应该努力拯救濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。
The speaker claims that society should make efforts to save endangered species only caused by human activities. I agree with the speaker insofar as saving endangered species is the responsibility of human beings. After all, human beings are the ruler of nature. But, in my perspective, merely focusing on saving those endangered species only caused by human activities is unilateral.1.The variety of plant and animal is important to practical utilization.1)Discovering the order of evolution;2)Valuable gene pool and raw material drug: traditional Chinese medicine.3)Technological imitation from the specious: sonar as a result of imitating dolphin.2.Human should do so even from a moral position.1)Plant and animal is the most important components of nature. When all ...die out, the daywill come soon.2)Human beings as the ruler of nature should take the responsibility to help other species.Let alone those endangered species because of human activities.3)Men have the responsibility to rescue: pollution, environments destroy, catching andkilling excessively causing the plant and animal to die out much faster. For example: tiger and whale;3.However, some kinds of1)"Survival of fittest": some animals do have their lethal shortages and would decline evenwithout humans, saving those species which are biological elimination is against the nature and of no help.2)When we save a kind of animal, we may do harm to another kind. Thus the proper way isthat human should try their best to keep the balance of nature as it is rather than change the nature as humans' purpose. Human and Nature should perform their own functions respectively.3)Instead of saving, the restrictions on human ourselves are more important: pollution,environmental destroy, catching and killing excessively.4)The extinction of species is the warning of the deterioration of the environment whichwould early or late threaten human beings.Conclusion:No matter from the position of practical utilization or morality, human both should ... However, it should be noticed that... Therefore, we should find out the real reason of dying out. Furthermore, we should pay more a...to➢教育目的：Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。
新GRE考试Issue题库中英文对照及分类整理完全版一、政治28/113/120/121/127/145 国家伟大的判断28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。
113 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.结论：一个国家的伟大不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。
原因：一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上。
120 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.结论：一个国家的伟大体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。
原因：统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就保证了大部分国民的生活安乐。
名师讲解GRE写作ISSUE高分技巧名师讲解GRE写作ISSUE高分技巧,十字定位法让提纲和素材完善结合，今日我给大家带来了名师讲解GRE写作ISSUE高分技巧，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下名师讲解GRE写作ISSUE高分技巧十字定位法让提纲和素材完善结合什么是十字坐标定位法?首先：对于任何一道新GRE写作issue题来说，都可以依据它的出题方式和题材进行分类。
而目前的issue题库，按出题方式分类不外乎五大类(因果类，建议类，比较类，偏激类，复合类);根据题材分为七大类(教育，媒体，科技，主观客观，个体集体，艺术，社会政治)。
其次：这就象在一个坐标轴上，横轴为出题方式分类，纵轴为题材分类，拿到任意一道题，只要我们快速推断这道题属于哪种出题方式和题材，就可以在坐标轴上定位到一点。
只要找到了这一点，该题的写作提纲，以及写作素材便可以立即得到。
也是新GRE写作高分速成的一种方法。
那么，一篇issue作文也就只是把写作提纲和素材结合在一起的过程。
这样，写作也就变得相当简单了。
十字坐标定位法使用实例讲解例如：In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.分析：这道题按出题方式分类属于建议类(关键推断词：In order to…, should …)，根据题材分类属于教育类。
这是依据建议类的破题思路，我们可以快速给出该题的提纲：分论点1：诚然有些专业强调与社会实践紧密联系，对于诸如会计学，新闻学，医学等专业来说，拥有在学术领域之外的相关工作阅历对于教学有着直接的裨益。
教育类13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
University is an important place in a youth's life. To a significant extend this kind of education students receive in university determines what kind of person they will be. Taking the courses outside the student’s fields of study may expand him a wide spectrum of vision. Therefore I fundamentally agree with the speaker that the real “truly educated” should be base d on the learning a wide scope of knowledge. However, close scrutiny reveals that overstate either the importance of the professional knowledge or the information outside will lead into jeopardized situation.1. In the first place, requiring students to take courses only in their major field ofstudy can cause some serious problems. Actually, not every student knows with certainty which professional field they are truly interested in and can do well in at the beginning of their college life. If universities allowed their students to choose related courses freely, it would be a good opportunity for them to find their interests. Exploring subjects outside their own major may help students to find new academic fields in which their real interest and potentials lie. Fortunately, in recent years, many universities have begun to change their education policies, and set up series of minor courses for students to study. Now there are more and more students taking minor courses in what they are truly interested in and this gives them another opportunity to develop their interests where they can make full use of their spare time to expand their knowledge and enhance their capabilities.2. Since various disciplines are r elated, the study of courses outside a student’s own field may benefit the study of their majors. As we know, every subject does not exist independently. They relate to other subjects to one extend or another. For instance, philosophy is the foundation of all subjects, which provides a fundamental approach to thinking about every problem. Whatever your major is, you can benefit from learning it. Math is a useful tool for us in solving problems. If you major is economics or accounting, you will find that the knowledge of mathematics can help you a lot in your research or your work. Therefore we can see that students with varied knowledge would have a great advantage in competing with those who have only limited scope.3. If a person want to be a successful man in the society, the knowledge just from his or her major is not sufficient at all. He or she should learn lots of things because those things are really important for their future success.1) Science: logic, critical thinking, common sense2) Art: the cognition of natural3) Philosophy: critical thinking and better understanding of the world4) Psychology: help to grow mentally healthy5) Sociology: the essence of society and human being.4. Of course, despite all of these advantages of learning various disciplines, the most important disciplines for a student is still those lessons which is related to his or her major. Overemphasizing the various disciplines will adversely influence the student's learning of his or her major.Conclusion:Take a balance. A university should offer various disciplines to students while ensure that the students can learn their major well.社会类28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。
Issue全部题目的翻译Issue Topics说明：1.我的分类是对在网上流行的分类题库做了一些小修改。
1)尽可能把相近的题目放在一起，所以题号不一样按顺序排列。
2)另外，我删除多次重复的题号。
3)国际类（International）的两道题，我做了移动。
NO.11 大学题，移至Education --> Education & SocietyNO.13 语言题，移至Politics --> Others2.标黑体的题目是孙远推荐的练习题。
3.高频题根据寄托天下最新机经（2006.3.2）整理，包括2005年及2006年3月的题目：2005年频率在20次以上（含20次）或2006年1月至3月频率在3次以上（含3次）。
频率标注分为两部分，前一部分指2005年2月－9月的频率，后一部分表示2006年1－3月的频率。
非高频的孙远题后面也列出频率统计。
4.欢迎指正。
Redhobor 2006/3/5No.1 StudyStudy Methods (2)28 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."学生们只有在学习了有助于理解事实的思想、趋势和概念后才可能记住这些事实。
孤立学习事实是学不到东西的。
42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
注：由于关于claim的问题⽅式有两次，笔者统⼀归纳总结成为⼀种⽅式，故图中展⽰的只有五种。
仔细关注下statement, recommendation, claim这三个单词，他们在某些⽅⾯具有程度递进的关系。
来源：上考试⼤校，考试轻松过关 1. Statement: the expression in spoken or written words of something such as a fact, intention, or policy, or an instance of this.意为陈述某⼀事实，意图，政策。
重点在于陈述。
2. Recommendation: a suggestion as to what is a good or sensible thing to do or use in the circumstances意为合理的建议（⽐陈述事实更近了⼀步） 3. Claim: maintain something is true: to say, without proof or evidence, that something is true 意为声明，即便在没有证据的情况下仍然坚持声称某事为真实的 从以上的分析中不难看出这三种问法在操作形式上具有程度类⽐，其中第三种的程度语⽓更强。
让我们仔细分析⼀下例⼦ 1. Statement (以下是事实陈述的例⼦) i. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals. ii. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. iii. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. iv. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. v. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries. vi. In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people. 2. Recommendation(以下是建议的例⼦) i. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. ii. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. iii. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools. iv. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. v. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate. vi. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 3. Claim（以下是因果声明类的例⼦） i. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty. ii. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty. iii. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.;;;Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both. iv. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.;;;Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public. v. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.;;;Reason: College students-like people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. vi. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 除了个别试题中在提问⽤词中有混淆以外，绝⼤部分的提问符合此规律。
教育类：第1组：通才VS专才（6，14，96，116）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
（13，46，70，102，112，140）Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
（24，29，52）The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。
37Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
54In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。
（82，97，100，124）Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少留学一个学期。
142Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.结论：为了给学生提供一个明确的方向，学院和大学应该指定所有的必修课程，移除选修课程。
原因：和大众一样，大学生更喜欢按部就班，不喜欢自己做决定。
第2组：工作VS兴趣（15，135）Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。
（20，32，129）College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。
39College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.应该鼓励大学生选择自己感兴趣的课程，而不是那些容易找到工作的课程。
40Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. 结论：在编制教学课程时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣和建议。
原因：当学生对所学的内容感兴趣时，他们学习的动力更强。
47Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them. 教育工作者应该发掘学生对课程的需求，并满足他们。
（51，71）Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。
90Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.在编制教学内容时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣。
92Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.在评估学生的学习情况时，教育工作者应该关注学生是否能够解释所学知识阐明的思想、趋势和概念，而不是是否牢记知识。
（98，136）Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in whichjobs are plentiful.教育机构应该鼓励大学生选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。
第3组：教育的目的（3，35，137）Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
（17，68）Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放思维和精神。
第4组：教育者VS学生（30，83）Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.教师的薪水应该基于学生的学业成绩。
73Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.学院和大学应该要求所有的教员拿出时间，参与学术界以外与教学科目相关的领域工作。
第5组：家长，社会和教育（81，95）All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.所有的家长都必须无偿地为子女的学校花费时间。
第6组：历史的作用57The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想：现代人和历史上的人有很大不同。
（74，133，134）The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.了解当代文化最有效的方式是分析当代年轻人的潮流。
119When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historicbuildings.当现代规划者认为历史建筑物所在地可以用作现代开发时，相比历史建筑的保护，现代开发应该放在首位。
第7组：知识VS经验33As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.当人们获得越来越多的知识时，事情非但没有变得更加透彻，反而更加复杂神秘。
48Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.学生应该先学习有助于解释知识的理念、趋势和概念后，教育工作者再教学生知识。
